Jealousyandprovincialfeelingsplacedthissuggestionabsolutelybeyonddiscussion。Disagreements，frictions，andconstantcivilwarwouldhaveensuedifanyattempthadbeenmadetoestablishaChinesedynasty。
AnotherfactisthatalargemajorityoftheintelligentpeopleofChinaweredisgustedwiththesystemofmonarchialgovernment。
ThusitwillbeseenthatforthesakeofthepeaceandwelfareofthenationtherewasnoothercourseforthepeoplebuttotakealongjumpandtoestablishthepresentRepublic。ThelawofevolutionhasbeenveryactivelyatworkinChina，andnodoubtitwillbeforherultimategood，andthereforeforthebenefitofallmankind。
Chinaisnowaninfantrepublic，butshewillgrowintoahealthyandstrongyouth。HerpeoplehavethekindestfeelingforthepeopleoftheelderrepublicacrossthePacific。
Thereareexcellentreasonswhythetworepublicsshouldbeincloserfriendship。ItiswellknownthattherearegreatpotentialitiesfortheexpansionoftradeinChina，andasthePhilippineIslandsareclosetoourshores，andthecompletionofthePanamaCanalwillopenanewavenuefortheenlargementoftradefromAmerica，itwillbetotheinterestofbothnationstostretchouttheirhandsacrossthePacificintheclaspofgoodfellowshipandbrotherhood。
Whenthisisdone，notonlywillinternationalcommercegreatlyincrease，butpeace，atleastintheEasternHemisphere，willbebettersecuredthanbyafleetofDreadnaughts。
Chapter4。AmericaandChinaAmericahasperformedgreatservicefortheOrientandespeciallyforChina。
If，however，thepeopleofthelattercountrywereaskedtoexpresstheircandidopiniononthematter，theverdictwouldnotbealtogetherpleasant，butwouldbegivenwithmixedfeelingsofgratitudeandregret。
SincetheformalopeningofChinatoforeigntradeandcommerce，peopleofallnationalitieshavecomehere，sometotrade，someforpleasure，sometopreachChristianity，andothersforotherpurposes。
ConsideringthattheChinesehaveacivilizationoftheirown，andthattheirmodesofthoughts，ideas，andhabitsare，inmanyrespects，differentfromthoseofthewesternpeople，itisnotsurprisingthatfrictionsanddisputeshaveoccasionallyoccurredandthatevenforeignwarshavebeenwagedbetweenChinaandtheOccident，butitisgratifyingtoobservethatnoforcehaseverbeenresortedtoagainstChinabytheUnitedStatesofAmerica。Nowandthentroublesomequestionshavearisen，buttheyhavealwaysbeensettledamicably。
IndeedthejustandfriendlyattitudetakenbytheAmericanofficialsinChinahadsowontheesteemandconfidenceoftheChineseGovernmentthatin1867，ontheterminationofMr。AnsonBurlingame\'stermasAmericanMinistertoPeking，hewasappointedbytheManchuGovernmentasChiefofaspecialmissiontoAmericaandEurope。InthatcapacityheperformedvaluableservicesforChina，althoughhisworkwasunfortunatelycutshortbyhisuntimelydeath。TheliberalandgeneroustreatmentaccordedtotheChinesestudentsinAmericaisanothersourceofsatisfaction。
Theyhavebeenadmittedfreelytoalleducationalinstitutions，andwelcomedintoAmericanfamilies。InwhateverschoolorcollegetheyentertheyaretaughtinthesamewayastheAmericanboysandgirls，andenjoyequalopportunitiesoflearningallthattheAmericanstudentslearn。*
ThatAmericahasnodesireforterritorialacquisitioninChinaiswellknown。
DuringtheBoxermovementtheAmericanGovernmenttooktheleadininitiatingthepolicyofmaintainingtheopendoor，andpreservingtheintegrityofChina，apolicytowhichtheothergreatpowersreadilyconsented。Itwaswellknownatthetime，anditisnobreachofconfidencetomentionthefacthere，thatMr。JohnHay，AmericanSecretaryofState，withthepermissionofPresidentMcKinley，wasquitewillingthatAmerica\'sindemnitydemandedfromChinaashershareofthecompensationforlossessustainedduringtheBoxerupheaval，shouldbereducedbyone-half，providedtheotherpowerswouldconsenttosimilarreductions。Unfortunately，Mr。Hay\'sproposalcouldnotbecarriedoutforwantofunanimity。
However，toshowthegoodfaith，andthehumaneandjustpolicyofAmerica，shehassincevoluntarilyrefundedtoChinaaconsiderableportionofherindemnity，beingthesurplusduetoherafterpaymentoftheactualexpensesincurred。Thisisthesecondoccasiononwhichshehasdonethis，althoughinthepreviouscasetherefundwassmaller。
ThesearesomeoftheinstancesforwhichthepeopleofChinahavegoodreasonstobegratefultoAmericaandherpeople——
*IneedhardlysaythatourstudentsarealsowelltreatedinEngland，France，Germany，Japan，andothercountriesinEurope，butIamdealinginthischapterwithAmerica——
Thereis，however，anothersidetothepicture；theChinesestudentsinAmerica，whomayberoughlycalculatedbythethousands，andwhosenumberisannuallyincreasing，havebeentaughtdemocraticprinciplesofgovernment。ThesecouldnotbutbedetrimentaltothewelfareofthelateManchuGovernment。TheyhavereadthehistoryofhowtheAmericanpeoplegainedtheirindependence，andnaturallytheyhavebeenimbuedwiththeideaofinauguratingasimilarpolicyinChina。Chinesemerchants，traders，andotherswhohavebeenresidinginAmerica，seeingthefreeandindependentmannerinwhichtheAmericanpeoplecarryontheirgovernment，learned，ofcourse，asimilarlesson。ThesepeoplehavebeenanimportantfactorintherecentoverthrowoftheManchudynasty。Addedtothis，thefactthatAmericahasaffordedasaferefugeforpoliticaloffenderswasanothercauseofdissatisfactiontotheManchus。
ThusitwillbeseenthattheManchuGovernment，fromtheirpointofview，havehadmanyreasonsforentertainingunfavorablesentimentstowardAmerica。
ThisviewIneedhardlysayisnotsharedbythelargemajorityofChinese。
PersonswhohavecommittedpoliticaloffensesintheirowncountryfindprotectionnotonlyinAmericabutinallcountriesinEurope，Japan，andothercivilizedlands。ItisanironyoffatethatsincetheestablishmentoftheChineseRepublic，Manchuandotherofficialsundertheoldregime，nowfindsecureasylumsinHongkong，Japan，andTsingtao，whilehundredsofex-ManchuofficialshavefledtotheforeignsettlementsofShanghai，Tientsin，andothertreatyports，soreluctantlygrantedbythelateManchuGovernment。
ThustheedgeoftheircomplaintagainstAmerica\'spolicyinharboringpoliticalrefugeeshasbeenturnedagainstthemselves，andtheliberalityagainstwhichtheyprotestedhasbecometheirprotection。
ThemoresubstantialcausefordissatisfactionwiththeUnitedStatesis，Igrievetosay，herChineseexclusionpolicy。AslongasherdiscriminatinglawsagainsttheChineseremaininforceablotmustremainonherotherwisegoodname，andherrelationswithChina，thoughcordial，cannotbeperfect。Itisbeyondthescopeofthischaptertodealwiththissubjectexhaustively，butinordertoenablemyreaderstounderstandtheexactsituationitisnecessarytosupplyashorthistoricalsummary。In1868，onaccountofthepressingneedofgoodlaborersfortheconstructionofrailwaysandotherpublicworksinAmerica，theGovernmentsofChinaandtheUnitedStates，concludedatreatywhichprovidedthat\"ChinesesubjectsvisitingorresidingintheUnitedStatesshallenjoythesameprivileges，immunities，andexemptionsinrespecttotravelorresidenceasmaybeenjoyedbythecitizensorsubjectsofthemostfavorednation。\"
ItwasatreatynegotiatedbythatgreatAmericanstatesman，SecretarySeward，andannouncedbythePresidentoftheUnitedStatestoCongressasa\"liberalandauspicioustreaty\"。ItwaswelcomedbytheUnitedStatesasagreatadvanceintheirinternationalrelations。
IthadalsothedoublesignificanceofhavingbeennegotiatedbyaChinesespecialembassy，ofwhichadistinguishedAmericandiplomat，Mr。AnsonBurlingame，whowasfamiliarwiththewishesandinterestsoftheAmericanpeople，wasthehead。
ButwithinafewyearsthelaborunionsonthePacificcoastbegantoobjecttothecompetitionofChineselaborers。
SoonafterwardtheChineseGovernment，toitsintensesurprise，wasinformedthatthePresidentoftheUnitedStateshaddelegatedacommissiontocometoPekingtosolicitanabrogationofthetreatyclausetowhichreferencehasbeenmade。
TheChineseGovernmentwasnaturallyunwillingtoabrogateatreatywhichhadbeenurgedonherbytheUnitedStateswithsomuchzeal，andwhichhadsolatelybeenenteredupononbothsideswithsuchhighhopes。
Longandtediousnegotiationsensued，andfinallyashorttreatywasconcluded，thefirstandsecondArticlesofwhichareasfollows:
ArticleI
\"WheneverintheopinionoftheGovernmentoftheUnitedStates，thecomingofChineselaborerstotheUnitedStates，ortheirresidencetherein，affectsorthreatenstoaffecttheinterestsofthatcountry，ortoendangerthegoodorderofthesaidcountryorofanylocalitywithintheterritorythereof，theGovernmentofChinaagreesthattheGovernmentoftheUnitedStatesmayregulate，limit，orsuspendsuchcomingorresidence，butmaynotabsolutelyprohibitit。
ThelimitationorsuspensionshallbereasonableandshallapplyonlytoChinesewhomaygototheUnitedStatesaslaborers，otherclassesnotbeingincludedinthelimitations。LegislationtakeninregardtoChineselaborerswillbeofsuchacharacteronlyasisnecessarytoenforcetheregulation，limitation，orsuspensionofimmigration，andimmigrantsshallnotbesubjecttopersonalmaltreatmentorabuse。\"
ArticleII
\"Chinesesubjects，whetherproceedingtotheUnitedStatesasteachers，students，merchants，orfromcuriosity，togetherwiththeirbodyandhouseholdservants，andChineselaborerswhoarenowintheUnitedStatesshallbeallowedtogoandcomeoftheirownfreewillandaccord，andshallbeaccordedalltherights，privileges，immunities，andexceptionswhichareaccordedtothecitizensandsubjectsofthemostfavorednations。\"
ItwouldseemreasonabletoexpectthatinyieldingsofullytothewishesoftheUnitedStatesinthissecondnegotiationtheChineseGovernmentwouldnotbecalledupontomakeanyfurtherconcessionsintheinterestsoratthedemandofthelaborunionsonthePacificcoast，butinthisChinawasdisappointed。
WithinaperiodoflessthantenyearsanurgentapplicationwasmadebytheAmericanSecretaryofStateforanewtreatyamendedsoastoenabletheCongressoftheUnitedStatestostillfurtherrestricttheprivilegesofChineselaborerswhohadcometotheUnitedStates。
AndwhentheChineseGovernmenthesitatedtoconsenttothewithdrawalofrightswhichtheUnitedStatesgrantedtothesubjectsofotherGovernments，CongresspassedtheScottActof1888
prohibitinganyChinesepersonfromenteringtheUnitedStatesexceptChineseofficials，teachers，students，merchantsortravellersforpleasureorcuriosityandforbiddingalsoChineselaborersintheUnitedStates，afterhavingleft，fromreturningthereto。This，inthewordsofHon。J。W。Foster，ex-SecretaryofStateandadistinguishedinternationallawyer，\"wasadeliberateviolationoftheTreatyof1880andwassodeclaredbytheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates。\"InordertosavetheExecutiveoftheUnitedStatesfromembarrassment，theChineseGovernment，contrarytoitsownsenseofjustice，andofinternationalcomity，forathirdtimeyieldedtothewishesoftheUnitedStates，andconcludedtheamendedtreatyof1894whichgaveCongressadditionalpoweroflegislationrespectingChineselaborers。
ByArticleIofthistreatyitwasagreedthatforatermoftenyearsthecomingofChineselaborerstotheUnitedStatesshouldbeabsolutelyprohibited。ArticleIIIdistinctlyprovidedthat\"theprovisionsofthisconventionshallnotaffecttherightatpresentenjoyedofChinesesubjects，beingofficials，teachers，students，merchants，ortravellersforcuriosityorpleasure，butnotlaborers，ofcomingtotheUnitedStatesandresidingtherein。\"
Thusitisclearthattheprohibitionaffectsonlylaborers，andnottheotherclassesofChinese。Forafewyearsafterthesigningofthisconventionthiswastheviewadoptedandacteduponbytheimmigrationofficials，butafterwardtheychangedtheirattitude，andtheforegoingArticlehassincebeeninterpretedtomeanthatonlytheabove-mentionedfiveclassescanbeadmittedintotheUnitedStates，andthatalltheotherclassesofChinese，howeverrespectableandhonorable，mustberefusedadmission。WillmyreadersbelievethataChinesebanker，physician，lawyer，broker，commercialagent，scholarorprofessorcouldallbebarredoutoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaundertheprovisionsofthisconvention？Inthefaceoftheplainlanguageofthetextitseemstooabsurdandunreasonabletobecontemplated，andyetitisafact。
ThisconventionwasproclaimedinDecember，1894。Accordingtoitsprovisions，itwastoremaininforceonlyforaperiodoftenyears，butthatifsixmonthsbeforetheendofthatperiodneitherPowershouldgivenoticeofdenunciationitshouldbeextendedforasimilarperiod。Suchnoticewas，however，givenbyChinatotheUnitedStatesandaccordinglytheconventionexpiredinDecember，1904，andisnownolongerinforce。NoseriousattempthassincebeenmadebytheUnitedStatesGovernmenttonegotiateanewtreatyregardingChineselaborers，sothecustomsandimmigrationofficialscontinuetoprohibitChineselaborersfromcomingtoAmericabyvirtueofthelawpassedbyCongress。Itwillbeseenthatbythetreatyof1868，knownasthe\"BurlingameTreaty\"，theUnitedStatesGovernmentformallyagreedthatChinesesubjects，visitingorresidingintheUnitedStates，shouldenjoythesameprivilegesandimmunitiesaswereenjoyedbythecitizensorsubjectsofthemostfavorednation；thatbeingso，andastheconventionof1894
hasexpired，accordingtothelegalopinionofMr。JohnW。Foster，andothereminentlawyers，thecontinuationoftheexclusionofChineselaborersandtherestrictionsplaceduponChinesemerchantsandothersseekingadmissiontotheUnitedStatesarenotonlywithoutinternationalauthoritybutinviolationoftreatystipulations。
TheenforcementoftheexclusionlawsagainstChineseintheHawaiianandPhilippineIslandsisstillmoreinexcusable。
ThecomplaintinAmericaagainsttheimmigrationofChineselaborerswasthatsuchimmigrationwasdetrimentaltowhitelabor，butinthoseIslandstherehasbeennosuchcomplaint；onthecontrarytheenforcementofthelawagainsttheChineseinHawaiihasbeen，andis，contrarytotheunanimouswishofthelocalGovernmentandthepeople。
FreeintercourseandimmigrationbetweenthoseIslandsandChinahavebeenmaintainedforcenturies。WhatismostobjectionableandunfairisthattheChineseshouldbesingledoutfordiscrimination，whileallotherAsiaticssuchasJapanese，Siamese，andMalaysareallowedtoenterAmericaandhercolonieswithoutrestraint。
ItismybeliefthatthegrossinjusticethathasbeeninflictedupontheChinesepeoplebytheharshworkingoftheexclusionlawisnotknowntothelargemajorityoftheAmericanpeople，forIamsuretheywouldnotallowthecontinuationofsuchhardshipstobesufferedbythosewhoaretheirsincerefriends。Chinadoesnotwishspecialtreatment，sheonlyasksthatherpeopleshallbetreatedinthesamewayasthecitizensorsubjectsofothercountries。
WillthegreatAmericannationstillrefusetoconsenttothis？
Tosolvetheproblemofimmigrationinamannerthatwouldbesatisfactorytoallpartiesisnotaneasytask，assomanyconflictinginterestsareinvolved。Butitisnotimpossible。Ifpersonsinterestedinthisquestionbereallydesirousofseeingitsettledandarewillingtolistentoreasonableproposals，Ibelievethatawaymaybefoundforitssolution。Thereisgoodreasonformyoptimisticopinion。EventheLaborUnions，unlessIammistaken，wouldwelcomeanamicablesettlementofthiscomplicatedquestion。In1902，whileatWashington，IwasagreeablysurprisedtoreceiveadeputationoftheleadersoftheCentralLaborUnionofBinghamton，NewYork，invitingmetopayavisitthereandtodeliveranaddress。
AsIdidnotwishtodisappointthemIacceptedtheirinvitation。
Duringmyshortstaythere，Iwasverycordiallyandwarmlyreceived，andmostkindlytreatednotonlybythelocalauthoritiesandinhabitants，butbythemembersoftheLaborUnionandtheworkingmenalso。
IfoundthattheUnionleadersandtheworkingmenweremostreasonable，theirplatformbeing，asfarasIcouldlearn，tohavenocheaplaborcompetitionbutnotnecessarilydiscriminationagainstanyrace。
IftheUnitedStatesGovernmentwouldappointacommissioncomposedofmembersrepresentingtheLaborUnions，manufacturersandmerchants，totreatwithasimilarcommissionnominatedbytheChineseGovernment，thewholequestioninallitsbearingscouldbediscussed，andIfeelcertainthatafterfreeandcandidexchangeofviews，thejointCommissionerswouldbeabletoarriveataschemewhichwouldputatrestonceforalltheconflictingclaims，andsettlethemattersatisfactorilytobothChinaandtheUnitedStates。
Whenthisdisagreeabledifferencehasbeenremoved，thefriendlyrelationsbetweenthetwoRepublics，cordialevenwhileonewasyetanEmpire，willleavenothingtobedesiredandcannotbuthelptolargelyaffectthetradebetweenthetwocountriesandtocontributetothepeaceoftheFarEast。
Chapter5。AmericanEducationOutofatotalpopulationof91，972，266intheUnitedStatestherewere，in1910，17，506，175pupilsenrolled。Fewnationscanshowsuchahighpercentageofschoolstudents。Thetotalnumberofteacherswas506，040。Educationalefficiencyonsuchascalecanbemaintainedonlybyalargeexpenditureofmoney，andfromthestatisticsofeducationIfindthatthesumreceivedfromtuitionfeeswas$14，687，192gold，fromproductivefunds$11，592，113gold，andfromtheUnitedStatesGovernment$4，607，298gold，makingatotalof$70，667，865gold。*
Iquestionwhetheranyothernationcanproducesuchanexcellentexampleinthecauseofeducation——
*Thereappearstobe$39，781，262missingfromthesefigures。
PossiblyWuTingfang\'sfiguresareincorrect，butitseemsmorelikelythatheneglectedtoincludeexpendituresbystateandlocalgovernments——
A。R。L。，1996。
Ineverystatethereareverymanyschools，bothpublicandprivate。
Therearepublicschoolsineverytown，andeventhesmallestvillagehasitsschool，whileinsomeagriculturalstates，suchasWyoming，wherethepopulationisveryscattered，teachersareprovidedbythegovernmenttoteachinthefarmers\'homeswhereverthreeorfourchildrencanbegatheredtogether。Thepublicschoolsarefreeandopentoall，butinsometownsintheSouthernStatesspecialschoolsareprovidedforthecoloredpeople。Havingsuchfacilitiesforgainingknowledge，itnaturallyfollowsthattheAmericans，asawhole，areaneducatedpeople。
BythisImeanthenativeAmerican，nottherecentimmigrantsandnegroes，butevenasregardsthelatterareservationshouldbemade，forsomeofthenegroes，suchasBookerT。Washingtonandothers，havebecomeeminentthroughtheirlearningandeducationalwork。
Thedistinguishingfeatureoftheschoolsystemisthatitischeapandcomprehensive。Intheprimaryandhighschoolstheboysandgirls，whethertheycomefromthewealthyoraristocraticfamilies，orfrommorestraitenedhomes，areallstudyingtogetherinthesameclass-room，anditisknownthataPresidentsenthissontostudyinapublicschool。
Thereis，therefore，noexcuseforeventhepoorestmaninAmericabeinganilliterate。Ifhewisheshecanobtainadegreeinauniversitywithoutdifficulty。Manyofthestateuniversitiesadmitthechildrenofcitizensofthestatefree，whiletheirtuitionfeesforoutsidersareexceptionallylow，sothatitiswithinthepowerofthemanofthemostmoderatemeanstogivehissonauniversityeducation。
Manyofthecollegeoruniversitystudents，inordertoenablethemtogothroughtheircoursesofstudy，dooutsidejobsaftertheirlecturehours，andperformmanual，orevenmenialwork，duringthevacations。
Ifrequentlymetsuchstudentsinsummerresortsactingashotelwaitersandfoundthemclean，attentive，andreliable。DuringavisittoHarvardUniversity，PresidentEliottookmetoseethedining-hall。
Manystudentsweretakingtheirlunchatthetime。Inoticedthatthewaiterswereanunusuallycleansetofyoungmen，anduponinquirywasinformedthattheywerestudentsoftheUniversity，andthatwhenawaiterwaswantedmanystudentsapplied，asthepoorerstudentsweregladtoavailthemselvesoftheopportunitytoearnsomemoney。
Honestlabor，thoughmenial，isnotconsidereddegrading，andnoAmericanofeducationandrefinementisabovedoingit。
InsomeofthestatesintheEast，owingtothescarcityofservants，familiesdotheirowncookingandotherhouseholdwork。
SomefewyearsagoIwasonavisittoAshburnham，Massachusetts，andwassurprisedtofindthatmyhostessnotonlydidthecookingbutalsocleanedmyroom。Iwasinvitedtoaformalluncheonbyaprofessor，andtomyastonishmenthistwodaughterswaitedatthetable。
ThisisnotunlikewhatoccursinsomepartsofChinaintheinterior。
Themembersoffamilies，althoughingoodcircumstances，dotheirownhouseholdwork。Insometowns，notfarfromCanton，wealthyfarmersandcountrygentlemenhireouttheirsonsasmenials，sothattheseyoungsters，whentheyhavegrownup，shallknowthevalueofmoneyandnotsquanderthefamilywealth。
Iciteatypicalcaseofamillionairewhohadonlyoneson。
InordertomakehimappreciatetheworthofmoneyhetookhisboytoCanton，andallowedhimtobehiredoutasanordinaryservant。
Theboywasorderedbyhismastertolookafteracertainpartofthehouse，andalsototakecareofalittlegarden。Onedayhecarelesslybrokeavaluablegold-fishjarmuchprizedbythefamily。
Hismasternaturallybecameenragedandreproachedhimforhisnegligence。
Theyoungmancoollytoldhimthatifhewouldcometohisfather\'shousehecouldreplacethebrokenvesselbymakinghisownselectionfromhisfather\'scollectionofgold-fishjars。Thisirritatedthemaster，whothoughtthattheladwasaddinginsulttoinjury。However，ultimately，hismasterwaspersuadedtogowithhimtohisfather\'shouse，andtohisgreatastonishmenthefoundtheremanygold-fishjarswhichweremorepreciousthanthatwhichtheladhadbroken。
Householdwork，howevermeanitmaybe，isnotconsidereddegradinginChina，butthedifferencebetweenChinaandAmericaisthatinAmericathepeoplearecompelledtodoitfromnecessity，whileinChinaitisresortedtoasamatterofpolicytomaketheyoungmenrealizethevalueofmoney，andnotspenditwastefully。
Thecurriculumprescribedintheschoolscoversawiderangeofsubjects，andthegraduatesarewellequippedtofacethebattleoflife。
Notonlyaredrawing，sketchingandotherfineartstaught，butalsocarpentryandothertrades。Iwasonceshownafairlymadeboxwhichwastheproductofaverysmallboy。Ididnotatfirstperceivetheuseofteachingaboytodosuchworkinschool，butIlearnedthatitsobjectwastoinstructthepupilhowtothinkandarrangehismaterialssystematically。
WiththeexceptionofthoseschoolsestablishedbyChristiansocieties，orendowedbyreligioussects，alleducationalinstitutions，especiallythoseestablishedbythestateauthorities，aresecular。
Religionisnottaught。NeithertheBiblenoranyotherreligiousworkisusedintheschoolroom。Thepresidents，professors，andtutorsmaybestrictchurchmen，orveryreligiouspeople，but，asarule，theyarenotpermittedtoinculcatetheirreligiousviewsonthestudents。
Themindsoftheyoungaremostsusceptible，andifnomoralprinciplesareimpresseduponthematschoolorcollegetheyareapttogoastray。
Itshouldberememberedthatmenofeducationwithoutmoralprinciplesarelikeashipwithoutananchor。Ignorantandilliteratepeopleinfringethelawbecausetheydonotknowanybetter，andtheiractsofdepredationareclumsyandcanbeeasilyfoundout，butwhenmenofeducationcommitcrimesthesearesoskilfullyplannedandexecutedthatitisdifficultforthepolicetounravelanddetectthem。Ithasbeenknownthatfraudsandforgeriesperpetratedbysuchunscrupulouspersonsweresocleverlydesignedthattheyboretheevidenceofsuperioreducation，andalmostofgenius。
Themoreamaniseducatedthemoreisitnecessary，forthewelfareofthestate，toinstructhimhowtomakeaproperuseofhistalents:
Educationislikeadouble-edgedsword。Itmaybeturnedtodangeroususagesifitisnotproperlyhandled。
AsthereisnoestablishedchurchintheUnitedStates，andinviewofthenumberlessdifferentsects，itisnotadvisabletopermitanyparticularphaseofreligiontobetaught。
Butwhynotconsenttoallowthecardinalprinciplesofmoralitytobetaughtineveryschool？Thefollowingmayserveasexamples:
(1)Honestyisthebestpolicy。
(2)Honorthyfatherandthymother。
(3)Universalbrotherhood。
(4)Loveofmankind。
(5)Charitytoall。
(6)Purityinthoughtandaction。
(7)Purefoodmakesapurebody。
(8)Happinessconsistsofhealthandapureconscience。
(9)Liveandletlive。
(10)Respectamanforhisvirtues，notforhismoneyorposition。
(11)`Fiatjustitia，ruatcoelum\'(Letjusticebedone，thoughtheHeavensshouldfall)。