第3章

Butafterwardsallthesewereattackedwithdysentery。Itwouldbeworthwhiletoinquirewhetherthewateryurinewasthecauseofthis。

AbouttheseasonofArcturusmanyhadthecrisisontheeleventhday,andinthemtheregularrelapsesdidnottakeplace,buttheybecamecomatoseaboutthistime,especiallychildren;buttherewerefewestdeathsofallamongthem。

11。Abouttheequinox,anduntiltheseasonofthePleiades,andattheapproachofwinter,manyardentfeverssetin;butgreatnumbersatthatseasonwereseizedwithphrenitis,andmanydied;afewcasesalsooccurredduringthesummer。Thesethenmadetheirattackatthecommencementofardentfevers,whichwereattendedwithfatalsymptoms;forimmediatelyupontheirsettingin,therewereacutefeverandsmallrigors,insomnolency,aberration,thirst,nausea,insignificantsweatsabouttheforeheadandclavicles,butnogeneralperspiration;theyhadmuchdelirioustalking,fears,despondency,greatcoldnessoftheextremities,inthefeet,butmoreespeciallyintheirhands:theparoxysmswereontheevendays;

andinmostcases,onthefourthday,themostviolentpainssetin,withsweats,generallycoldish,andtheextremitiescouldnotbewarmed,butwerelividandrathercold,andtheyhadthennothirst;

inthemtheurinewasblack,scanty,thin,andthebowelswereconstipated;therewasanhemorrhagefromthenoseinnocaseinwhichthesesymptomsoccurred,butmerelyatriflingepistaxis;andnoneofthemhadarelapse,buttheydiedonthesixthdaywithsweats。

Inthephreniticcases,allthesymptomswhichhavebeendescribeddidnotoccur,butinthemthediseasemostlycametoacrisisontheeleventhday,andinsomeonthetwentieth。Inthosecasesinwhichthephrenitisdidnotbeginimmediately,butaboutthethirdorfourthday,thediseasewasmoderateatthecommencement,butassumedaviolentcharacterabouttheseventhday。Therewasagreatnumberofdiseases,andofthoseaffected,theywhodiedwereprincipallyinfants,youngpersons,adultshavingsmoothbodies,whiteskins,straightandblackhair,darkeyes,thoselivingrecklesslyandluxuriously;personswithshrill,orroughvoices,whostammeredandwerepassionate,andwomenmoreespeciallydiedfromthisform。Inthisconstitution,foursymptomsinparticularprovedsalutary;eitherahemorrhagefromthenose,oracopiousdischargebythebladderofurine,havinganabundantandpropersediment,orabiliousdisorderofthebowelsatthepropertime,oranattackofdysentery。Andinmanycasesithappened,thatthecrisisdidnottakeplacebyanyoneofthesymptomswhichhavebeenmentioned,butthepatientpassedthroughmostofthem,andappearedtobeinanuncomfortableway,andyetallwhowereattackedwiththesesymptomsrecovered。

AllthesymptomswhichIhavedescribedoccurredalsotowomenandgirls;andwhoeverofthemhadanyofthesesymptomsinafavorablemanner,orthemensesappearedabundantly,weresavedthereby,andhadacrisis,sothatIdonotknowasinglefemalewhohadanyofthesefavorablythatdied。ButthedaughterofPhilo,whohadacopioushemorrhagefromthenose,andtooksupperunseasonablyontheseventhday,died。Inthosecasesofacute,andmoreespeciallyofardentfevers,inwhichthereisaninvoluntarydischargeoftears,youmayexpectanasalhemorrhageunlesstheothersymptomsbeofafataltype,forinthoseofabaddescription,theydonotindicateahemorrhage,butdeath。

12。Swellingsabouttheears,withpaininfevers,sometimeswhenthefeverwentoffcritically,neithersubsidednorwereconvertedintopus;inthesecasesabiliousdiarrhoea,ordysentery,orthickurinehavingasediment,carriedoffthedisease,ashappenedtoHermippusofClazomenae。Thecircumstancesrelatingtocrises,asfaraswecanrecognizethem,weresofarsimilarandsofardissimilar。Thustwobrothersbecameillatthesamehour(theywerebrothersofEpigenes,andlodgednearthetheatre),ofthesetheelderhadacrisisonthesixthday,andtheyoungerontheseventh,andbothhadarelapseatthesamehour;itthenleftthemforfivedays,andfromthereturnofthefeverbothhadacrisistogetherontheseventeenthday。Mosthadacrisisonthesixthday;itthenleftthemforsixdays,andfromtherelapsetherewasacrisisonthefifthday。Butthosewhohadacrisisontheseventhday,hadanintermissionforsevendays;andthecrisistookplaceonthethirddayaftertherelapse。Thosewhohadacrisisonthesixthday,afteranintervalofsixdayswereseizedagainonthethird,andhavingleftthemforoneday,thefeverattackedthemagainonthenextandcametoacrisis,ashappenedtoEvagonthesonofDaetharses。Thoseinwhomthecrisishappenedonthesixthday,hadanintermissionofsevendays,andfromtherelapsetherewasacrisisonthefourth,ashappenedtothedaughterofAglaidas。Thegreaterpartofthosewhoweretakenillunderthisconstitutionofthings,wereaffectedinthismanner,andIdidnotknowasinglecaseofrecovery,inwhichtherewasnotarelapseagreeablytothestatedorderofrelapses;andallthoserecoveredinwhichtherelapsestookplaceaccordingtothisform:nordidIknowasingleinstanceofthosewhothenpassedthroughthediseaseinthismannerwhohadanotherrelapse。

13。Inthesediseasesdeathgenerallyhappenedonthesixthday,aswithEpaminondas,Silenus,andPhiliscusthesonofAntagoras。

Thosewhohadparotidswellingsexperiencedacrisisonthetwentiethday,butinallthesecasesthediseasewentoffwithoutcomingtoasuppuration,andwasturneduponthebladder。ButinCratistonax,wholivedbythetempleofHercules,andinthemaidservantofScymnusthefuller,itturnedtoasuppuration,andtheydied。Thosewhohadacrisisontheseventhday,hadanintermissionofninedays,andarelapsewhichcametoacrisisonthefourthdayfromthereturnofthefever,aswasthecasewithPantacles,whoresidedclosebythetempleofBacchus。Thosewhohadacrisisontheseventhday,afteranintervalofsixdayshadarelapse,fromwhichtheyhadacrisisontheseventhday,ashappenedtoPhanocritus,whowaslodgedwithGnathonthefuller。Duringthewinter,aboutthewintersolstices,anduntiltheequinox,theardentfeversandfrenziesprevailed,andmanydied。Thecrisis,however,changed,andhappenedtothegreaternumberonthefifthdayfromthecommencement,leftthemforfourdaysandrelapsed;andafterthereturn,therewasacrisisonthefifthday,makinginallfourteendays。Thecrisistookplacethusinthecaseofmostchildren,alsoinelderpersons。Somehadacrisisontheeleventhday,arelapseonthefourteenth,acompletecrisisonthetwentieth;butcertainpersons,whohadarigoraboutthetwentieth,hadacrisisonthefortieth。Thegreaterparthadarigoralongwiththeoriginalcrisis,andthesehadalsoarigoraboutthecrisisintherelapse。Therewerefewestcasesofrigorinthespring,moreinsummer,stillmoreinautumn,butbyfarthemostinwinter;

thenhemorrhagesceased。

Sect。III

1。Withregardtodiseases,thecircumstancesfromwhichweformajudgmentofthemare,—byattendingtothegeneralnatureofall,andthepeculiarnatureofeachindividual,—tothedisease,thepatient,andtheapplications,—tothepersonwhoappliesthem,asthatmakesadifferenceforbetterorforworse,—tothewholeconstitutionoftheseason,andparticularlytothestateoftheheavens,andthenatureofeachcountry;—tothepatient\'shabits,regimen,andpursuits;—tohisconversation,manners,taciturnity,thoughts,sleep,orabsenceofsleep,andsometimeshisdreams,whatandwhentheyoccur;—tohispickingandscratching;—tohistears;—

tothealvinedischarges,urine,sputa,andvomitings;andtothechangesofdiseasesfromtheoneintotheother;—tothedeposits,whetherofadeadlyorcriticalcharacter;—tothesweat,coldness,rigor,cough,sneezing,hiccup,respiration,eructation,flatulence,whetherpassedsilentlyorwithanoise;—tohemorrhagesandhemorrhoids;—fromthese,andtheirconsequences,wemustformourjudgment。

2。Feversare,—thecontinual,someofwhichholdduringthedayandhavearemissionatnight,andothersholdaremissionduringtheday;

semi—tertians,tertians,quartans,quintans,septans,nonans。Themostacute,strongest,mostdangerous,andfataldiseases,occurinthecontinualfever。Theleastdangerousofall,andthemildestandmostprotracted,isthequartan,foritisnotonlysuchfromitself,butitalsocarriesoffothergreatdiseases。Inwhatiscalledthesemi—tertian,otheracutediseasesareapttooccur,anditisthemostfatalofallothers,andmoreoverphthisicalpersons,andthoselaboringunderotherprotracteddiseases,areapttobeattackedbyit。Thenocturnalfeverisnotveryfatal,butprotracted;