第5章

Impossible。

Butthen,thatwhichcontainsmustbeotherthanthatwhichiscontained?forthesamewholecannotdoandsufferbothatonce;andifso,onewillbenolongerone,buttwo?

True。

Thenonecannotbeanywhere,eitherinitselforinanother?

No。

Furtherconsider,whetherthatwhichisofsuchanaturecanhaveeitherrestormotion。

Whynot?

Why,becausetheone,ifitweremoved,wouldbeeithermovedinplaceorchangedinnature;forthesearetheonlykindsofmotion。

Yes。

Andtheone,whenitchangesandceasestobeitself,cannotbeanylongerone。

Itcannot。

Itcannotthereforeexperiencethesortofmotionwhichischangeofnature?

Clearlynot。

Thencanthemotionoftheonebeinplace?

Perhaps。

Butiftheonemovedinplace,mustitnoteithermoveroundandroundinthesameplace,orfromoneplacetoanother?

Itmust。

Andthatwhichmovesinacirclemustrestuponacentre;andthatwhichgoesrounduponacentremusthavepartswhicharedifferentfromthecentre;butthatwhichhasnocentreandnopartscannotpossiblybecarriedrounduponacentre?

Impossible。

Butperhapsthemotionoftheoneconsistsinchangeofplace?

Perhapsso,ifitmovesatall。

Andhavewenotalreadyshownthatitcannotbeinanything?

Yes。

Thenitscomingintobeinginanythingisstillmoreimpossible;

isitnot?

Idonotseewhy。

Why,becauseanythingwhichcomesintobeinginanything,canneitherasyetbeinthatotherthingwhilestillcomingintobeing,norbealtogetheroutofit,ifalreadycomingintobeinginit。

Certainlynot。

Andthereforewhatevercomesintobeinginanothermusthaveparts,andthenonepartmaybein,andanotherpartoutofthatother;butthatwhichhasnopartscanneverbeatoneandthesametimeneitherwhollywithinnorwhollywithoutanything。

True。

Andistherenotastillgreaterimpossibilityinthatwhichhasnoparts,andisnotawhole,comingintobeinganywhere,sinceitcannotcomeintobeingeitherasapartorasawhole?

Clearly。

Thenitdoesnotchangeplacebyrevolvinginthesamespot,notbygoingsomewhereandcomingintobeinginsomething;noragain,bychangeinitself?

Verytrue。

Theninrespectofanykindofmotiontheoneisimmoveable?

Immoveable。

Butneithercantheonebeinanything,asweaffirm。

Yes,wesaidso。

Thenitisneverinthesame?

Whynot?

Becauseifitwereinthesameitwouldbeinsomething。

Certainly。

Andwesaidthatitcouldnotbeinitself,andcouldnotbeinother?

True。

Thenoneisneverinthesameplace?

Itwouldseemnot。

Butthatwhichisneverinthesameplaceisneverquietoratrest?

Never。

Onethen,aswouldseem,isneitherrestnorinmotion?

Itcertainlyappearsso。

Neitherwillitbethesamewithitselforother;noragain,otherthanitselforother。

Howisthat?

Ifotherthanitselfitwouldbeotherthanone,andwouldnotbeone。

True。

Andifthesamewithother,itwouldbethatother,andnotitself;sothatuponthissuppositiontoo,itwouldnothavethenatureofone,butwouldbeotherthanone?

Itwould。

Thenitwillnotbethesamewithother,orotherthanitself?

Itwillnot。

Neitherwillitbeotherthanother,whileitremainsone;fornotone,butonlyother,canbeotherthanother,andnothingelse。

True。

Thennotbyvirtueofbeingonewillitbeother?

Certainlynot。

Butifnotbyvirtueofbeingone,notbyvirtueofitself;andifnotbyvirtueofitself,notitself,anditselfnotbeingotheratall,willnotbeotherthananything?

Right。

Neitherwillonebethesamewithitself。

Hownot?

Surelythenatureoftheoneisnotthenatureofthesame。

Whynot?

Itisnotwhenanythingbecomesthesamewithanythingthatitbecomesone。

Whatofthat?

Anythingwhichbecomesthesamewiththemany,necessarilybecomesmanyandnotone。

True。

But,iftherewerenodifferencebetweentheoneandthesame,whenathingbecamethesame,itwouldalwaysbecomeone;andwhenitbecameone,thesame?

Certainly。

And,therefore,ifonebethesamewithitself,itisnotonewithitself,andwillthereforebeoneandalsonotone。

Surelythatisimpossible。

Andthereforetheonecanneitherbeotherthanother,northesamewithitself。

Impossible。

Andthustheonecanneitherbethesame,norother,eitherinrelationtoitselforother?

No。

Neitherwilltheonebelikeanythingorunlikeitselforother。

Whynot?

Becauselikenessissamenessofaffections。

Yes。

Andsamenesshasbeenshowntobeofanaturedistinctfromoneness?

Thathasbeenshown。

Butiftheonehadanyotheraffectionthanthatofbeingone,itwouldbeaffectedinsuchawayastobemorethanone;whichisimpossible。

True。

Thentheonecanneverbesoaffectedastobethesameeitherwithanotherorwithitself?

Clearlynot。

Thenitcannotbelikeanother,orlikeitself?

No。

Norcanitbeaffectedsoastobeother,forthenitwouldbeaffectedinsuchawayastobemorethanone。

Itwould。

Thatwhichisaffectedotherwisethanitselforanother,willbeunlikeitselforanother,forsamenessofaffectionsislikeness。

True。

Buttheone,asappears,neverbeingaffectedotherwise,isneverunlikeitselforother?

Never。

Thentheonewillneverbeeitherlikeorunlikeitselforother?

Plainlynot。

Again,beingofthisnature,itcanneitherbeequalnorunequaleithertoitselfortoother。

Howisthat?

Why,becausetheoneifequalmustbeofthesamemeasuresasthattowhichitisequal。

True。

Andifgreaterorlessthanthingswhicharecommensurablewithit,theonewillhavemoremeasuresthanthatwhichisless,andfewerthanthatwhichisgreater?

Yes。

Andsoofthingswhicharenotcommensuratewithit,theonewillhavegreatermeasuresthanthatwhichislessandsmallerthanthatwhichisgreater。

Certainly。

Buthowcanthatwhichdoesnotpartakeofsameness,haveeitherthesamemeasuresorhaveanythingelsethesame?

Impossible。

Andnothavingthesamemeasures,theonecannotbeequaleitherwithitselforwithanother?

Itappearsso。

Butagain,whetherithavefewerormoremeasures,itwillhaveasmanypartsasithasmeasures;andthusagaintheonewillbenolongeronebutwillhaveasmanypartsasmeasures。

Right。

Andifitwereofonemeasure,itwouldbeequaltothatmeasure;

yetithasbeenshowntobeincapableofequality。