Oflittlechildrenwhoareseizedwiththisdisease，thegreaterpartdie，providedthedefluxionbecopiousandhumid，fortheveinsbeingslendercannotadmitthephlegm，owingtoitsthicknessandabundance;butthebloodiscooledandcongealed，andthechildimmediatelydies。Butifthephlegmbeinsmallquantity，andmakeadefluxionintoboththeveins，ortothoseoneitherside，thechildrensurvive，butexhibitnotablemarksofthedisorder;foreitherthemouthisdrawnaside，oraneye，theneck，orahand，whereveraveinbeingfilledwithphlegmlosesitstone，andisattenuated，andthepartofthebodyconnectedwiththisveinisnecessarilyrenderedweakeranddefective。Butforthemostitaffordsreliefforalongerinterval;forthechildisnolongerseizedwiththeseattacks，ifonceithascontractedthisimpressofthedisease，inconsequenceofwhichtheotherveinsarenecessarilyaffected，andtoacertaindegreeattenuated，soasjusttoadmittheair，butnolongertopermittheinfluxofphlegm。However，thepartsareproportionallyenfeebledwhenevertheveinsareinanunhealthystate。Wheninstriplingsthedefluxionissmallandtotherightside，theyrecoverwithoutleavinganymarksofthedisease，butthereisdangerofitsbecominghabitual，andevenincreasingifnottreatedbysuitableremedies。Thus，orverynearlyso，isthecasewhenitattackschildren。
Topersonsofamoreadvancedage，itneitherprovesfatal，norproducesdistortions。Fortheirveinsarecapaciousandarefilledwithhotblood;andthereforethephlegmcanneitherprevailnorcooltheblood，soastocoagulateit，butitisquicklyoverpoweredandmixedwiththeblood，andthustheveinsreceivetheair，andsensibilityremains;and，owingtotheirstrength，theaforesaidsymptomsarelesslikelytoseizethem。Butwhenthisdiseaseattacksveryoldpeople，itthereforeprovesfatal，orinducesparaplegia，becausetheveinsareempty，andthebloodscanty，thin，andwatery。When，therefore，thedefluxioniscopious，andtheseasonwinter，itprovesfatal;foritchokesuptheexhalents，andcoagulatesthebloodifthedefluxionbetobothsides;butiftoeither，itmerelyinducesparaplegia。Forthebloodbeingthin，cold，andscanty，cannotprevailoverthebutbeingitselfoverpowered，itiscoagulated，sothatthosepartsinwhichthebloodiscorrupted，losetheirstrength。
Thefluxistotherightratherthantotheleftbecausetheveinstherearemorecapaciousandnumerousthanontheleftside，forontheonesidetheyspringfromtheliver，andontheotherfromthespleen。Thedefluxionandmeltingdowntakeplacemostespeciallyinthecaseofchildreninwhomtheheadisheatedeitherbythesunorbyfire，orifthebrainsuddenlycontractarigor，andthenthephlegmisexcreted。Foritismelteddownbytheheatanddiffusionofthebutitisexcretedbythecongealingandcontractingofit，andthusadefluxiontakesplace。Andinsomethisisthecauseofthedisease，andinothers，whenthesouthwindquicklysucceedstonorthernbreezes，itsuddenlyunbindsandrelaxesthebrain，whichiscontractedandweak，sothatthereisaninundationofphlegm，andthusthedefluxiontakesplace。Thedefluxionalsotakesplaceinconsequenceoffear，fromanyhiddencause，ifwearetheatanyperson’scallingaloud，orwhilecrying，whenonecannotquicklyrecoverone’sbreath，suchasoftenhappenstochildren。Whenanyofthesethingsoccur，thebodyimmediatelyshivers，thepersonbecomingspeechlesscannotdrawhisbreath，butthebreath（pneuma）
stops，thebrainiscontracted，thebloodstandsstill，andthustheexcretionanddefluxionofthephlegmtakeplace。Inchildren，thesearethecausesoftheattackatfirst。Buttooldpersonswinterismostinimical。Forwhentheheadandbrainhavebeenheatedatagreatfire，andthenthepersonisbroughtintocoldandhasarigor，orwhenfromcoldhecomesintowarmth，andsitsatthefire，heisapttosufferinthesameway，andthusheisseizedinthemannerdescribedabove。Andthereismuchdangerofthesamethingoccurring，ifhisheadbeexposedtothesun，butlesssoinsummer，asthechangesarenotsudden。Whenapersonhaspassedthetwentiethyearofhislife，thisdiseaseisnotapttoseizehim，unlessithasbecomehabitualfromchildhood，oratleastthisisrarelyorneverthecase。
Fortheveinsarefilledwithblood，andthebrainconsistentandfirm，sothatitdoesnotrundownintotheveins，orifitdo，itdoesnotmastertheblood，whichiscopiousandhot。
Butwhenithasgainedstrengthfromone’schildhood，andbecomehabitual，suchapersonusuallysuffersattacks，andisseizedwiththeminchangesofthewinds，especiallyinsouthwinds，anditisdifficultofremoval。Forthebrainbecomesmorehumidthannatural，andisinundatedwithphlegm，sothatthedefluxionsbecomemorefrequent，andthephlegmcannolongerbethenorthebrainbedriedup，butitbecomeswetandhumid。Thisyoumayascertaininparticular，frombeastsoftheflockwhichareseizedwiththisdisease，andmoreespeciallygoats，fortheyaremostfrequentlyattackedwithit。Ifyouwillcutopenthehead，youwillfindthebrainhumid，fullofsweat，andhavingabadsmell。Andinthiswaytrulyyoumayseethatitisnotagodthatinjuresthebody，butdisease。Andsoitiswithman。Forwhenthediseasehasprevailedforalengthoftime，itisnolongercurable，asthebrainiscorrodedbythephlegm，andmelted，andwhatismelteddownbecomeswater，andsurroundsthebrainexternally，andoverflowsit;whereforetheyaremorefrequentlyandreadilyseizedwiththedisease。Andthereforethediseaseisprotracted，becausetheinfluxisthin，owingtoitsquantity，andisimmediatelyoverpoweredbythebloodandheatedallthrough。
Butsuchpersonsasarehabituatedtothediseaseknowbeforehandwhentheyareabouttobeseizedandfleefrommen;iftheirownhousebeathand，theyrunhome，butifnot，toadesertedplace，whereasfewpersonsaspossiblewillseethemfalling，andtheyimmediatelycoverthemselvesup。Thistheydofromshameoftheaffection，andnotfromfearofthedivinity，asmanysuppose。Andlittlechildrenatfirstfalldownwherevertheymayhappentobe，frominexperience。Butwhentheyhavebeenoftenseized，andfeelitsapproachbeforehand，theyfleetotheirmothers，ortoanyotherpersontheyareacquaintedwith，fromterroranddreadoftheaffection，forbeingstillinfantstheydonotknowyetwhatitistobeashamed。
Therefore，theyareattackedduringchangesofthewinds，andespeciallysouthwinds，thenalsowithnorthwinds，andafterwardsalsowiththeothers。Thesearethestrongestwinds，andthemostopposedtooneanother，bothastodirectionandpower。For，thenorthwindcondensestheair，andseparatesfromitwhateverismuddyandnebulous，andrendersitclearerandbrighter，andsoinlikemanneralso，allthewindswhicharisefromtheseaandotherwaters;fortheyextractthehumidityandnebulosityfromallobjects，andfrommenthemselves，andthereforeit（thenorthwind）isthemostwholesomeofthewinds。Buttheeffectsofthesoutharetheveryreverse。Forinthefirstplaceitbeginsbymeltinganddiffusingthecondensedair，andthereforeitdoesnotblowstrongatfirst，butisgentleatthecommencement，becauseitisnotableatoncetoovercometheandcompactedair，whichyetinawhileitdissolves。
Itproducesthesameeffectsupontheland，thesea，thefountains，thewells，andoneveryproductionwhichcontainshumidity，andthis，thereisinallthings，somemore，someless。Forallthesefeeltheeffectsofthiswind，andfromcleartheybecomecloudy，fromcold，hot;fromdry，moist;andwhateverearthenvesselsareplacedupontheground，filledwithwineoranyotherfluid，areaffectedwiththesouthwind，andundergoachange。Andtheachange。Andthesun，andthemoon，itrendersblunterappearancethantheynaturallyare。When，then，itpossessessuchpowersoverthingssogreatandstrong，andthebodyismadetofeelandundergochangesinthechangesofthewinds，itnecessarilyfollowsthatthebrainshouldbedisolvedandoverpoweredwithmoisture，andthattheveinsshouldbecomemorerelaxedbythesouthwinds，andthatbythenorththehealthiestportionofthebrainshouldbecomecontracted，whilethemostmorbidandhumidissecreted，andoverflowsexternally，andthatcatarrhsshouldthustakeplaceinthechangesofthesewinds。
Thusisthisdiseaseformedandprevailsfromthosethingswhichenterintoandgooutofthebody，anditisnotmoredifficulttounderstandortocurethantheothers，neitherisitmoredivinethanotherdiseases。
Menoughttoknowthatfromnothingelsebutthebraincomejoys，delights，laughterandsports，andsorrows，griefs，despondency，andlamentations。Andbythis，inanespecialmanner，weacquirewisdomandknowledge，andseeandhear，andknowwhatarefoulandwhatarefair，whatarebadandwhataregood，whataresweet，andwhatunsavory;somewediscriminatebyhabit，andsomeweperceivebytheirutility。Bythiswedistinguishobjectsofrelishanddisrelish，accordingtotheseasons;andthesamethingsdonotalwayspleaseus。
Andbythesameorganwebecomemadanddelirious，andfearsandterrorsassailus，somebynight，andsomebyday，anddreamsanduntimelywanderings，andcaresthatarenotsuitable，andignoranceofpresentcircumstances，desuetude，andunskilfulness。Allthesethingsweendurefromthebrain，whenitisnothealthy，butismorehot，morecold，moremoist，ormoredrythannatural，orwhenitsuffersanyotherpreternaturalandunusualaffection。Andwebecomemadfromitshumidity。Forwhenitismoremoistthannatural，itisnecessarilyputintomotion，andtheaffectionbeingmoved，neitherthesightnorhearingcanbeatrest，andthetonguespeaksinaccordancewiththesightandhearing。
Aslongasthebrainisatrest，themanenjoyshisreason，butthedepravementofthebrainarisesfromphlegmandbile，eitherofwhichyoumayrecognizeinthismanner:Thosewhoaremadfromphlegmarequiet，anddonotcryoutnormakeanoise;butthosefrombilearevociferous，malignant，andwillnotbequiet，butarealwaysdoingsomethingimproper。Ifthemadnessbeconstant，thesearethecausesthereof。Butifterrorsandfearsassail，theyareconnectedwithderangementofthebrain，andderangementisowingtoitsbeingheated。Anditisheatedbybilewhenitisdeterminedtothebrainalongthebloodvesselsrunningfromthetrunk;andfearispresentuntilitreturnsagaintotheveinsandtrunk，whenitceases。
Heisgrievedandtroubledwhenthebrainisunseasonablycooledandcontractedbeyonditswont。Thisitsuffersfromphlegm，andfromthesameaffectionthepatientbecomesoblivious。Hecallsoutandscreamsatnightwhenthebrainissuddenlyheated。Thebiliousendurethis。Butthephlegmaticarenotheated，exceptwhenmuchbloodgoestothebrain，andcreatesanebullition。Muchbloodpassesalongtheaforesaidveins。Butwhenthemanhappenstoseeafrightfuldreamandisinfearasifawake，thenhisfaceisinagreaterglow，andtheeyesareredwhenthepatientisinfear。Andtheunderstandingmeditatesdoingsomemischief，andthusitisaffectedinsleep。Butif，whenawakened，hereturnstohimself，andthebloodisagaindistributedalongtheveins，itceases。
InthesewaysIamoftheopinionthatthebrainexercisesthegreatestpowerintheman。Thisistheinterpretertousofthosethingswhichemanatefromtheair，whenthebrainhappenstobeinasoundstate。Buttheairsuppliessensetoit。Andtheeyes，theears，thetongueandthefeet，administersuchthingsasthebraincogitates。Forinasmuchasitissuppliedwithair，doesitimpartsensetothebody。Itisthebrainwhichisthemessengertotheunderstanding。Forwhenthemandrawsthebreathintohimself，itpassesfirsttothebrain，andthustheairisdistributedtotherestofthebody，leavinginthebrainitsacme，andwhateverhassenseandunderstanding。Forifitpassedfirsttothebodyandlasttothebrain，thenhavingleftinthefleshandveinsthejudgment，whenitreachedthebrainitwouldbehot，andnotatallpure，butmixedwiththehumidityfromfleshandblood，soastobenolongerpure。
Wherefore，Isay，thatitisthebrainwhichinterpretstheunderstanding。Butthediaphragmhasobtaineditsname（frenes）fromaccidentandusage，andnotfromrealityornature，forIknownopowerwhichitpossesses，eitherastosenseorunderstanding，exceptthatwhenthemanisaffectedwithunexpectedjoyorsorrow，itthrobsandproducespalpitations，owingtoitsthinness，andashavingnobellytoreceiveanythinggoodorbadthatmaypresentthemselvestoit，butitisthrownintocommotionbyboththese，fromitsnaturalweakness。Itthenperceivesbeforehandnoneofthosethingswhichoccurinthebody，buthasreceiveditsnamevaguelyandwithoutanyproperreason，likethepartsabouttheheart，whicharecalledauricles，butwhichcontributenothingtowardshearing。Somesaythatwethinkwiththeheart，andthatthisisthepartwhichisgrieved，andexperiencescare。Butitisnotso;onlyitcontractslikethediaphragm，andstillmoresoforthesamecauses。Forveinsfromallpartsofthebodyruntoit，andithasvalves，soastoastoperceiveifanypainorpleasurableemotionbefalltheman。Forwhengrievedthebodynecessarilyshudders，andiscontracted，andfromexcessivejoyitisaffectedinlikemanner。Whereforetheheartandthediaphragmareparticularlysensitive，theyhavenothingtodo，however，withtheoperationsoftheunderstanding，butofallbutofallthesethebrainisthecause。Since，then，thebrain，asbeingtheprimaryseatofsenseandofthespirits，perceiveswhateveroccursinthebody，ifanychangemorepowerfulthanusualtakeplaceintheair，owingtotheseasons，thebrainbecomeschangedbythestateoftheair。For，onthisaccount，thebrainfirstperceives，because，Isay，allthemostacute，mostpowerful，andmostdeadlydiseases，andthosewhicharemostdifficulttobeunderstoodbytheinexperienced，falluponthebrain。
AndthediseasecalledtheSacredarisesfromcausesastheothers，namely，thosethingswhichenterandquitthebody，suchascold，thesun，andthewinds，whichareeverchangingandareneveratrest。Andthesethingsaredivine，sothatthereisnonecessityformakingadistinction，andholdingthisdiseasetobemoredivinethantheothers，butallaredivine，andallhuman。Andeachhasitsownpeculiarnatureandpower，andnoneisofanambiguousnature，orirremediable。Andthemostofthemarecurablebythesamemeansasthosebywhichanyotherthingisfoodtoone，andinjurioustoanother。Thus，then，thephysicianshouldunderstandanddistinguishtheseasonofeach，sothatatonetimehemayattendtothenourishmentandincrease，andatanothertoabstractionanddiminution。Andinthisdiseaseasinallothers，hemuststrivenottofeedthedisease，butendeavortowearitoutbyadministeringwhateverismostopposedtoeachdisease，andnotthatwhichfavorsandisalliedtoit。Forbythatwhichisalliedtoit，itgainsvigorandincrease，butitwearsoutanddisappearsundertheuseofthatwhichisopposedtoit。Butwhoeverisacquaintedwithsuchachangeinmen，andcanrenderamanhumidanddry，hotandcoldbyregimen，couldalsocurethisdisease，ifherecognizestheproperseasonforadministeringhisremedies，withoutmindingpurifications，spells，andallotherilliberalpracticesofalikekind。