第2章

Inproportiontothisgreatwork，Iamtobeunderstoodthatthesework—houses，housesofcorrection，andstockstoemploythepoormaybegrantedtolessenthepoorinthisorthatparticularpartofEngland；andweareparticularlytoldofthatatBristol，thatithasbeensuchaterrortothebeggarsthatnoneofthestroulingcrewwillcomenearthecity。Butallthisallow’d，ingeneral，’twillbefeltinthemain，andtheendwillbeanencreaseofourpoor。

1。Themanufacturesthatthesegentlemenemploythepoorupon，areallsuchasarebeforeexercis’dinEngland。

2。Theyareallsuchasaremanag’dtoafullextent，andthepresentaccidentsofwarandforeigninterruptionoftradeconsider’dratherbeyondtheventofthemthanunderit。

Supposenowawork—houseforemploymentofpoorchildren，setsthemtospinningofworsted。——Foreveryskeinofworstedthesepoorchildrenspin，theremustbeaskeinthelessspunbysomepoorfamilyorpersonthatspunitbefore；supposethemanufactureofmakingbaystobeerectedinBishopsgate—street，unlessthemakersofthesebayscanatthesametimefindoutatradeorconsumptionformorebaysthanweremadebefore。ForeverypieceofbayssomadeinLondontheremustbeapiecethelessmadeatColchester。

IhumblyappealtotheHonourableHouseofCommonswhatthismaybecall’d，andwithsubmission，Ithinkitisnothingatalltoemployingthepoor，since’tisonlythetransposingthemanufacturefromColchestertoLondon，andtakingthebreadoutofthemouthsofthepoorofEssextoputitintothemouthsofthepoorofMiddlesex。

Iftheseworthygentlemen，whoshowthemselvessocommendablyforwardtorelieveandemploythepoor，willfindoutsomenewtrade，somenewmarket，wherethegoodstheymakeshallbesold，wherenoneofthesamegoodsweresoldbefore；iftheywillsendthemtoanyplacewheretheyshallnotinterferewiththerestofthatmanufacture，orwithsomeothermadeinEngland，thenindeedtheywilldosomethingworthyofthemselves，andmayemploythepoortothesamegloriousadvantageasQueenElizabethdid，towhomthisnation，asatradingcountry，owesitspeculiargreatness。

IfthesegentlemencouldestablishatradetoMuscovyforEnglishserges，orobtainanorderfromtheCzar，thatallhissubjectsshouldwearstockingswhoworenonebefore，everypoorchild’slabourinspinningandknittingthosestockings，andallthewoolinthemwouldbecleargaintothenation，andthegeneralstockwouldbeimprovedbyit，becauseallthegrowthofourcountry，andallthelabourofapersonwhowasidlebefore，issomuchcleargaintothegeneralstock。

IftheywillemploythepoorinsomemanufacturewhichwasnotmadeinEnglandbefore，ornotboughtwithsomemanufacturemadeherebefore，thentheyofferatsomethingextraordinary。

Buttosetpoorpeopleatwork，onthesamethingwhichotherpoorpeoplewereemploy’donbefore，andatthesametimenotencreasetheconsumption，isgivingtoonewhatyoutakeawayfromanother；enrichingonepoormantostarveanother，puttingavagabondintoanhonestman’semployment，andputtinghisdiligenceonthetenterstofindoutsomeotherworktomaintainhisfamily。

Asthisisnotatallprofitable，sowithsubmissionfortheexpression，Icannotsay’tishonest，because’tistransplantingandcarryingthepoorpeopleslawfulemploymentfromtheplacewherewastheirlawfulsettlement，andthehardshipofthisourlawconsider’disintolerable。Forexample。

Themanufactureofmakingbaysisnowestablish’datColchesterinEssex，supposeitshouldbeattemptedtobeerectedinMiddlesex，asacertainworthyandwealthygentlemannearHackneyoncepropos’d，itmaybesuppos’difyouwillgranttheskillinworkingthesame，andthewagesthesame，thattheymustbemadecheaperinMiddlesexthaninEssex，andcheapnesscertainlywillmakethemerchantbuyhereratherthanthere，andsointimeallthebaymakingatColchesterdyes，andthestapleforthatcommodityisremovedtoLondon。

WhatmustthepoorofColchesterdo，theretheybuyaparochialsettlement，thosethathavenumerousfamiliescannotfollowthemanufactureandcomeuptoLondon，forourparochiallawsimpowertheChurch—wardenstorefusethemasettlement，sothattheyareconfin’dtotheirowncountrey，andthebreadtakenoutoftheirmouths，andallthistofeedvagabonds，andtosetthemtowork，whobytheirchoicewouldbeidle，andwhomeritthecorrectionofthelaw。

ThereisanothergrievancewhichIshallendeavourtotouchat，whicheverymanthatwisheswelltothepoordoesnotforsee，andwhich，withhumblesubmissiontothegentlementhatcontriv’dthisAct，Iseenonoticetakenof。

Therearearcanasintrade，whichthoughtheyarethenaturalconsequencesoftimeandcasualcircumstances，areyetbecomenowsoessentialtothepublickbenefit，thattoalterordisorderthem，wouldbeanirreparabledamagetothepublick。

IshallexplainmyselfasconciselyasIcan。

ThemanufacturesofEnglandarehappilysettledindifferentcornersofthekingdom，fromwhencetheyaremutuallyconvey’dbyacirculationoftradetoLondonbywholesale，likethebloodtotheheart，andfromthencedisperseinlesserquantitiestotheotherpartsofthekingdombyretail。Forexample。

SergesaremadeatExeter，Taunton，&c。stuffsatNorwich；

bayes，sayes，shaloons，&c。atColchester，Bocking，Sudbury，andpartsadjacent，finecloathinSomerset，Wilts，GloucesterandWorcestershire，coarsecloathinYorkshire，Kent，Surry，&c。

druggetsatFarnham，Newbury，&c。AllthesesendupthegrossoftheirquantitytoLondon，andreceiveeachotherssortsinretailfortheirownuseagain。NorwichbuysExeterserges，ExeterbuysNorwichstuffs，allatLondon；Yorkshirebuysfinecloths，andGloucestercoarse，stillatLondon；andthelike，ofavastvarietyofourmanufactures。

Bythisexchangeofmanufacturesabundanceoftradingfamiliesaremaintain’dbythecarriageandrecarriageofgoods，vastnumberofmenandcattleareemployed，andnumbersofinholders，victuallers，andtheirdependenciessubsisted。

AndonthisaccountIcannotbutobservetoyourhonours，and’tiswellworthyourconsideration，thatthealreadytransposingavastwoollenmanufacturefromseveralpartsofEnglandtoLondon，isamanifestdetrimenttotradeingeneral，theseveralwoollengoodsnowmadeinSpittlefields，wherewithinthisfewyearswerenoneatallmade，hasalreadyvisiblyaffectedtheseveralparts，wheretheywerebeforemade，asNorwich，Sudbury，Farnham，andothertowns，manyofwhoseprincipaltradesmenarenowremov’dhither，employtheirstockshere，employthepoorhere，andleavethepoorofthosecountriestoshiftforwork。

Thisbreachofthecirculationoftrademustnecessarilydistemperthebody，andIcraveleavetogiveanexampleortwo。

I’llpresumetogiveanexampleintrade，whichperhapsthegentlemenconcern’dinthisbillmay，withoutreJectionupontheirknowledge，beignorantof。

ThecityofNorwich，andpartsadjacent，wereforsomeagesemploy’dinthemanufacturesofstuffsandstockings。

Thelattertrade，whichwasonceconsiderable，isinamannerwhollytranspos’dintoLondon，bythevastquantitiesofworstedhosewovebytheframe，whichisatradewithinthis20yearsalmostwhollynew。

Nowastheknittingframeperformsthatinadaywhichwouldotherwiseemployapoorwomaneightortendays，byconsequenceafewframesperform’dtheworkofmanythousandpoorpeople；andtheconsumptionbeingnotincreased，theeffectimmediatelyappear’d；somanystockingsasweremadeinLondonsomanythefewerweredemandedfromNorwich；tillinafewyearsthemanufacturetherewhollysunk，themastersthereturn’dtheirhandstootherbusiness；andwhereasthehosetradefromNorfolkoncereturn’datleast5，000s。perweek，andassomesaytwicethatsum，’tisnotnowworthnaming。

’Tisinfeweryears，andnearourmemory，thatofSpittlefieldsmenhavefallenintoanotherbranchoftheNorwichtrade，viz。，makingofstuffs，drugets，&c。

IfanymansaythepeopleofNorfolkareyetfullofemploy，anddonotwork；andsomehavebeensoweakastomakethatreply，avoidingthemanyotherdemonstrationswhichcouldbegiven，thisispastanswering，viz。ThatthecombersofwoolinNorfolkandSuffolk，whoformerlyhadall，ortenpartsinelevenoftheiryarnmanufactur’dinthecountry，nowcombtheirwoolindeed，andspintheyarninthecountry，butsendvastquantitiesofittoLondontobewoven；willanymanquestionwhetherthisbenotalosstoNorwich；cantherebeasmanyweaversasbefore？Andaretherenotabundanceofworkmenandmasterstooremov’dtoLondon？

IfitbesoatNorwich，Canterburyisyetmoreamelancholyinstanceofit，wherethehousesstandempty，andthepeoplegooff，andthetradedyes，becausetheweavershavefollow’dthemanufacturetoLondon；andwhereastherewaswithinfewyears200

broadloomsatwork，Iamwellassur’dtherearenot50nowemploy’dinthatcity。

Thesearetheeffectsoftransposingmanufactures，andinterruptingthecirculationoftrade。

Allmethodstobringourtradetobemanag’dbyfewerhandsthanitwasbefore，areinthemselvespernicioustoEnglandingeneral，astheylessentheemploymentofthepoor，unhingetheirhandsfromthelabour，andtendtobringourhandstobesuperiortoouremploy，whichasyettheyarenot。

InDorsetshireandSomersetshiretherealwayshasbeenaveryconsiderablemanufactureforstockings，atColchesterandSudburyforbayes，saves，&c。mostofthewoolthesecountriesuseisboughtatLondon，andcarrieddownintothosecounties，andthenthegoodsbeingmanufactur’darebroughtbacktoLondontomarket；upontransposingthemanufactureasbefore，allthepoorpeopleandallthecattelwhohithertowereemploy’dinthatvoiture，areimmediatelydisbandedbytheircountry，theinnkeepersontheroadsmustdecay，somuchlandlyeforotheruses，asthecattleemploy’d，housesandtenementontheroads，andalltheirdependenciessinkinvalue。

’Tishardtocalculatewhatablowitwouldbetotradeingeneral，shouldeverycountybutmanufacturealltheseveralsortsofgoodstheyuse，itwouldthrowourinlandtradeintostrangeconvulsions，whichatpresentisperhaps，orhasbeen，inthegreatestregularityofanyintheworld。

Whatstrangeworkmustitthenmakewheneverytownshallhaveamanufacture，andeveryparishbeaware—house；tradewillbeburthen’dwithcorporations，whicharegenerallyequallydestructiveasmonopolies，andbythismethodwilleasilybemadeso。

Parishstocks，underthedirectionofJusticesofPeace，maysooncometosetuppettymanufactures，andhereshallallusefulthingsbemade，andallthepoorersortofpeopleshallbeaw’dorbyass’dtotradethereonly。Thustheshop—keepers，whopaytaxes，andarethesupportofourinlandcirculation，willimmediatelyberuin’d，andthusweshallbeggarthenationtoprovideforthepoor。

Asthiswillmakeeveryparishamarkettown，andeveryhospitalastore—house，soinLondon，andtheadjacentparts，towhichvastquantitiesofthewoollenmanufacturewillbethustransplanted，toogreatanddisproportion’dnumbersofthepeoplewillintimeassemble。

Tho’thesettledpoorcan’tremove，yetsinglepeoplewillstroulaboutandfollowthemanufacturer；andthusintimesuchvastnumberswillbedrawnaboutLondon，asmaybeinconvenienttothegovernment，andespeciallydepopulatingtothosecountrieswherethenumbersofpeople，byreasonofthesemanufacturesareveryconsiderable。

AneminentinstanceofthiswehaveinthepresenttradetoMuscovy，whichhoweverdesign’dforanimprovementtotheEnglishnation，andboastedofassuch，appearstobeconvertedintoamonopoly，andprovesinjuriousanddestructivetothenation。Thepersonsconcern’dremovingandcarryingoutourpeopletoteachthatunpolish’dnationtheimprovementstheyarecapableof。

IfthebringingtheFlemingstoEnglandbroughtwiththemtheirmanufactureandtrade，carryingourpeopleabroad，especiallytoacountrywherethepeopleworkforlittleornothing，whatmayitnotdotowardsinstructingthatpopulousnationinsuchmanufacturesasmayintimetendtothedestructionofourtrade，orthereducingourmanufacturetoanabatementinvalue，whichwillbefeltathomebyanabatementofwages，andthatinprovisions，andthatinrentofland；andsothegeneralstocksinksofcourse。

Butasthisispreparing，byeminenthands，tobelaidbeforethisHouseasagrievancemeritingyourcareandconcern，Iomitinsistingonithere，Andthisremovingofpeopleisattendedwithmanyinconvenienceswhicharenoteasilyperceived，as1。Theimmediatefallofthevalueofalllandsinthosecountieswherethemanufactureswerebefore；forasthenumbersofpeople，bytheconsumptionofprovisions，mustwhereevertheyencreasemakerentsrise，andlandsvaluable；sothosepeopleremoving，tho’theprovisionswould，ifpossible，followthem，yetthepriceofthemmustfallbyallthatchargetheyareatforcarriage，andconsequentlylandsmustfallinproportion。

2。Thistransplantingoffamilies，intime，wouldintroducegreatandnewalterationsinthecountriestheyremovedto，whichastheywouldbetotheprofitofsomeplaces，wouldbetothedetrimentofothers，andcanbynomeansbejustanymorethanitisconvenient；fornowisegovernmentstudiestoputanybranchoftheircountrytoanyparticulardisadvantages，tho’itmaybefoundinthegeneralaccountinanotherplace。

Ifitbesaidherewillhemanufacturesineveryparish，andthatwillkeepthepeopleathome，Ihumblyrepresentwhatstrangeconfusionandparticulardetrimenttothegeneralcirculationoftrademention’dbeforeitmustbe，tohaveeveryparishmakeitsownmanufactures。

1。Itwillmakeourtownsandcountiesindependentofoneanother，andputadamptocorrespondence，whichallwillallowtobeagreatmotiveoftradeingeneral。

2。Itwillfilluswithvarioussortsandkindsofmanufactures，bywhichourstatedsortsofgoodswillintimedwindleawayinreputation，andforeignersnotknowthemonefromanother。Ourseveralmanufacturesareknownbytheirrespectivenames；andourserges，bayesandothergoods，areboughtabroadbythecharacterandreputationoftheplaceswheretheyaremade；whenthereshallcomenewandunheardofkindstomarket，somebetter，someworse，astobesurenewundertakerswillvaryinkinds，thedignityandreputationoftheEnglishgoodsabroadwillbelost，andsomanyconfusionsintrademustfollowasaretoomanytorepeat。

3。Eitherourparish—stockmustsellbywholesaleorbyretail，orboth；ifthefirst，’tisdoubtedtheywillmakesorryworkofit，andhavingotherbusinessoftheirownmakebutpoormerchants；ifbyretail，thentheyturnpedlars，willbeapublicknusancetotrade，andatlastquiteruinit。

4。ThiswillruinallthecarriersinEngland，thewoolwillbeallmanufacturedwhereitissheer’d，everybodywillmaketheirowncloaths，andthetradewhichnowlivesbyrunningthro’

amultitudeofhands，willgothenthroughsofew，thatthousandsoffamilieswillwantemployment，andthisistheonlywaytoreduceustotheconditionspokenof，tohavemorehandsthanwork。

’TistheexcellenceofourEnglishmanufacture，thatitissoplantedastogothro’asmanyhandsas’tispossible；hethatcontrivestohaveitgothro’fewer，oughtatthesametimetoprovideworkfortherest——asitisitemploysagreatmultitudeofpeople，andcanemploymore；butifaconsiderablenumberofthesepeoplebeunhing’dfromtheiremployment，itcannotbutbedetrimentaltothewhole。

WhenIsaywecouldemploymorepeopleinEngland，Idonotmeanthatwecannotdoourworkwiththosewehave，butImeanthus:

First，Itshouldbemorepeoplebroughtoverfromforeignparts。Idonotmeanthatthosewehaveshouldbetakenfromallcommonemploymentsandputtoourmanufacture；wemayunequallydisposeofourhands，andsohavetoomanyforsomeworks，andtoofewforothers；and’tisplainthatinsomepartsofEnglanditisso，whatelsecanbethereason，whyinoursouthernpartsofEngland，Kentinparticular，borrows20，000peopleofothercountiestogetinherharvest。

Butifmoreforreignerscameamongus，ifitwere2millions，itcoulddousnoharm，becausetheywouldconsumeourprovisions，andwehavelandenoughtoproducemuchmorethanwedo，andtheywouldconsumeourmanufactures，andwehavewoolenoughforanyquantity。

Ithinktherefore，withsubmission，toerectmanufacturesineverytowntotransposethemanufacturesfromthesettledplacesintoprivateparishesandcorporations，toparceloutourtradetoeverydoor，itmustberuinoustothemanufacturersthemselves，willturnthousandsoffamiliesoutoftheiremployments，andtakethebreadoutofthemouthsofdiligentandindustriousfamiliestofeedvagrants，thievesandbeggars，whooughtmuchrathertobecompell’d，bylegalmethods，toseekthatworkwhichitisplainistobehad；andthusthisActwillinsteadofsettingandrelievingthepoor，encreasetheirnumber，andstarvethebestofthem。

Itremainsnow，accordingtomyfirstproposalpage37，toconsiderfromwhenceproceedsthepovertyofourpeople，whataccident，whatdecayoftrade，whatwantofemployment，whatstrangerevolutionofcircumstancesmakesourpeoplepoor，andconsequentlyburthensome，andourlawsdeficient，soastomakemoreandotherlawsrequisite，andthenationconcernedtoapplyaremedytothisgrowingdisease。Ianswer，I。Notforwantofwork；andbesideswhathasbeensaidonthathead，Ihumblydesirethesetwothingsmaybeconsider’d。

First，’Tisapparent，thatifoneman，woman，orchild，canbyhis，orherlabour，earnmoremoneythanwillsubsistonebody，theremustconsequentlybenowantofwork，sinceanymanwouldworkforjustasmuchaswouldsupplyhimselfratherthanstarve。——Whatavastdifferencethenmusttherebebetweentheworkandthework—men，when’tisnowknownthatinSpittle—fields，andotheradjacentpartsofthecity，thereisnothingmorefrequentthanforajourney—manweaver，ofmanysorts，togainfrom15s。to30s。perweekwages，andIappealtothesilkthrowsters，whethertheydonotgive8s。9s。and10s。

perweek，toblindmenandcripples，toturnwheels，anddothemeanestandmostordinaryworks。

CurMoriaturHomo，&c。

Whyarethefamiliesofthesemenstarv’d，andtheirchildreninwork—houses，andbroughtupbycharity；IamreadytoproducetothisHonourableHousethemanwhoforseveralyearshasgain’dofmebyhishandylabouratthemeanscoundrelemploymentoftilemakingfrom16s。to20s。perweekwages，andallthattimewouldhardlyhaveapairofshoestohisfeet，orcloathstocoverhisnakedness，andhadhiswifeandchildrenkeptbytheparish。

Themeanestlaboursinthisnationaffordtheworkmansufficienttoprovideforhimselfandhisfamily，andthatcouldneverbeiftherewasawantofwork。

2。IhumblydesirethisHonourableHousetoconsiderthepresentdifficultyofrisingsoldiersinthiskingdom；thevastchargethekingdomisattotheofficerstoprocuremen；themanylittleandnotoverhonestmethodsmadeuseoftobringthemintotheservice，thelawsmadetocompelthem；whyaregaolsrumag’dformalefactors，andtheMintandprisonsfordebtors，thewarisanemploymentofhonour，andsufferssomescandalinhavingmentakenfromthegallows，andimmediatelyfromvillains，andhousebreakersmadegentlemensoldiers。Ifmenwantedemployment，andconsequentlybread，thiscouldneverbe，anymanwouldcarryamusketratherthanstarve，andweartheQueen’scloth，oranybodiescloth，ratherthangonaked，andliveinragsandwant；

tisplainthenationisfullofpeople，and’tisasplainourpeoplehavenoparticularaversiontothewar，buttheyarenotpoorenoughtogoabroad；’tispovertymakesmensoldiers，anddrivescrowdsintothearmies，andthedifficultiestogetEnglish—mentolistis，becausetheyliveinplentyandease，andhethatcanearn20s。perweekataneasie，steadyemployment，mustbedrunkormadwhenhelistsforasoldier，tobeknock’do’th’headfor3s。6d。perweek；butiftherewasnoworktobehad，ifthepoorwantedemployment，iftheyhadnotbreadtoeat，norknewnothowtoearnit，thousandsofyounglustyfellowswouldflytothepikeandmusket，andchoosetodyelikemeninthefaceoftheenemy，ratherthanlyeathome，starve，perishinpovertyanddistress。

Fromalltheseparticulars，andinnumerableunhappyinstanceswhichmightbegiven，’tisplain，thepovertyofourpeoplewhichissoburthensome，andincreasesuponussomuch，doesnotarisefromwantofproperemployments，andforwantofwork，oremployers，andconsequently，Work—houses，corporations，parish—stocks，andthelike，tosetthemtowork，astheyarepernicioustotrade，injuriousandimpoverishingtothosealreadyemploy’d，sotheyareneedless，andwillcomeshortoftheendpropos’d。

ThepovertyandexigenceofthepoorinEngland，isplainlyderiv’dfromoneofthesetwoparticularcauses。

CasualtyorCrime。

ByCasualty，Imeansicknessoffamilies，lossoflimbsorsight，andany，eithernaturaloraccidentalimpotenceastolabour。

Theseasinfirmitiesmeerlyprovidentialarenotatallconcern’dinthisdebate；everwere，will，andoughttobethechargeandcareoftherespectiveparisheswheresuchunhappypeoplechancetolive，noristhereanywantofnewlawstomakeprovisionforthem，ourancestorshavingbeenalwayscarefultodoit。

Thecrimesofourpeople，andfromwhencetheirpovertyderives，asthevisibleanddirectfountainsare，1。Luxury。

2。Sloath。

3。Pride。

GoodhusbandryisnoEnglishvertue，itmayhavebeenbroughtover，andinsomeplaceswhereithasbeenplantedithasthrivenwellenough，but’tisaforreignspecies，itneitherloves，norisbelov’dbyanEnglish—man；and’tisobserv’dnothingissouniversallyhated，nothingtreatedwithsuchageneralcontemptasarichcovetousman，tho’hedoesnomananywrong，onlysaveshisown，everymanwillhaveanillwordforhim，ifamisfortunehappenstohim，hanghimacovetousoldrogue，’tisnomatter，he’srichenough，naywhenacertaingreatman’shousewasonfire，Ihaveheardthepeoplesayonetoanother，letitburnand’twill，he’sacovetousoldmiserlydog，Iwo’nttroublemyheadtohelphim，he’dbehang’dbeforehe’dgiveusabitofbreadifwewantedit。

’Thothisbeafault，yetIobservefromitsomethingofthenaturaltemperandgeniusofthenation，generallyspeaking，theycannotsavetheirmoney。

’TisgenerallysaidtheEnglishgetestates，andtheDutchsavethem；andthisobservationIhavemadebetweenforreignersandEnglish—menthatwhereanEnglishmanearns20s。perweek，andbitjustlives，aswecallit，aDutch—mangrowsrich，andleaveshischildreninverygoodcondition；whereanEnglishlabouringmanwithhis9s。perweekliveswretchedlyandpoor，aDutch—manwiththatwageswillliveverytolerablywell，keepthewolffromthedoor，andhaveeverythinghandsomeabouthim。Inshort，hewillberichwiththesamegainasmakestheEnglish—manpoor，he’llthrivewhentheothergoesinrags，andhe’lllivewhentheotherstarves，orgoesabegging。

Thereasonisplain，amanwithgoodhusbandry，andthoughtinhishead，bringshomehisearningshonestlytohisfamily，commitsittothemanagementofhiswife，orotherwisedisposesitforpropersubsistance，andthismanwithmeangains，livescomfortably，andbringsupafamily，whenasinglemangettingthesamewages，drinksitawayattheale—house，thinksnotoftomorrow，layesupnothingforsickness，age，ordisaster，andwhenanyofthesehappen，he’sstarv’d，andabeggar。

Thisissoapparentineveryplace，thatIthinkitneedsnoexplication；thatEnglishlabouringpeopleeatanddrink，butespeciallythelatterthreetimesasmuchinvalueasanysortofforreignersofthesamedimensionsintheworld。

Iamnotwritingthisasasatyronourpeople，’tisasadtruth；andworthythedebateandapplicationofthenationsphysitiansassembledinParliament，theprofuseextravaganthumourofourpoorpeopleineatinganddrinking，keepsthemlow，causestheirchildrentobeleftnakedandstarving，tothecareoftheparishes，whenevereithersicknessordisasterbefallstheparent。

Thenextarticleistheirsloath。

Wearethemostlazydiligentnationintheworld，vasttrade，richmanufactures，mightywealth，universalcorrespondenceandhappysuccesshavebeenconstantcompanionsofEngland，andgivenusthetitleofanindustriouspeople，andsoingeneralweare。

Butthereisageneraltaintofslothfulnessuponourpoor，there’snothingmorefrequent，thanforanEnglishmantoworktillhehasgothispocketfullofmoney，andthengoandbeidle，orperhapsdrunk，till，tisallgone，andperhapshimselfindebt；andaskhiminhiscupswhatheintends，he’lltellyouhonestly，he’lldrinkaslongasitlasts，andthengotoworkformore。

Ihumblysuggestthisdistemper’ssogeneral，soepidemick，andsodeeprootedinthenatureandgeniusoftheEnglish，thatImuchdoubtitsbeingeasilyredress’d，andquestionwhetheritbepossibletoreachitbyanActofParliament。

Thisistheruineofourpoor，thewifemourns，thechildrenstarve，thehusbandhasworkbeforehim，butliesattheale—house，orotherwiseidlesawayhistime，andwon’twork。

’Tisthementhatwontwork，notthementhatcangetnowork，whichmakesthenumbersofourpoor；allthework—housesinEngland，alltheoverseerssettingupstocksandmanufactureswon’treachthiscase；andIhumblypresumetosay，ifthesetwoarticlesareremov’d，therewillbenoneedoftheother。

Imakenodifficultytopromiseonashortsummons，toproduceaboveathousandfamiliesinEngland，withinmyparticularknowledge，whogoinrags，andtheirchildrenwantingbread，whosefatherscanearntheir15to25s。perweek，butwillnotwork，whomayhaveworkenough，butaretooidletoseekafterit，andhardlyvouchsafetoearnanythingmorethanbaresubsistance，andspendingmoneyforthemselves。

Icangiveanincrediblenumberofexamplesinmyownknowledgeamongourlabouringpoor。Ioncepaid6or7mentogetheronaSaturdaynight，theleast10s。andsome30s。forwork，andhaveseenthemgowithitdirectlytotheale—house，lietheretillMonday，spenditeverypenny，andrunindebttoboot，andnotgiveafarthingofittotheirfamilies，tho’allofthemhadwivesandchildren。

Fromhencecomespoverty，parishcharges，andbeggary，ifeveroneofthesewretchesfallssick，alltheywouldaskwasapasstotheparishtheyliv’dat，andthewifeandchildrentothedoorabegging。

IfthisHonourableHousecanfindoutaremedyforthispartofthemischief。IfsuchActsofParliamentmaybemadeasmayeffectuallycurethesloathandluxuryofourpoor，thatshallmakedrunkardstakecareofwifeandchildren，spendthriftslayupforawet，day；idle，lazyfellowsdiligent；andthoughtlesssottishmen，carefulandprovident。

Ifthiscanbedone，Ipresumetosay，therewillbenoneedoftransposingandconfoundingourmanufactures，andthecirculationofourtrade；theywillsoonfindworkenough，andtherewillsoonbelesspovertyamongus，andifthiscannotbedone，settingthemtoworkuponwoollenmanufactures，andtherebyencroachinguponthosethatnowworkatthem，willbutruineourtrade，andconsequentlyincreasethenumberofthepoor。

IdonotpresumetooffertheschemesIhavenowdrawnofmethodsforthebringingmuchofthistopass，becauseIshallnotpresumetoleadabodysoaugust，sowise，andsocapableasthisHonourableAssembly。

Ihumblysubmitwhatishereoffered，asreasonstoprovetheattemptnowmakinginsufficient；anddoubtnotbutinyourgreatwisdom，youwillfindoutwaysandmeanstosetthismatterinaclearerlight，andonarightfoot。

AndifthisobtainsontheHousetoexaminefartherintothismatter，theauthorhumblyrecommendsittotheirconsiderationtoaccept，inbehalfofallthepoorofthisnation，aclauseintheroomofthisobjectedagainst，whichshallanswertheendwithoutthisterribleruintoourtradeandpeople。

FINIS。