第1章

NOTE

THISvolumeofpapers，unconnectedastheyare，itwillbebettertoreadthroughfromthebeginning，ratherthandipintoatrandom.

Acertainthreadofmeaningbindsthem.Memoriesofchildhoodandyouth，portraitsofthosewhohavegonebeforeusinthebattle—

takentogether，theybuildupafacethat\"Ihavelovedlongsinceandlostawhile，\"thefaceofwhatwasoncemyself.Thishascomebyaccident;Ihadnodesignatfirsttobeautobiographical;Iwasbutledawaybythecharmofbelovedmemoriesandbyregretfortheirrevocabledead;andwhenmyownyoungface（whichisafaceofthedeadalso）begantoappearinthewellasbyakindofmagic，I

wasthefirsttobesurprisedattheoccurrence.

Mygrandfatherthepiouschild，myfathertheidleeagersentimentalyouth，Ihavethusunconsciouslyexposed.Oftheirdescendant，thepersonofto—day，Iwishtokeepthesecret：notbecauseIlovehimbetter，butbecause，withhim，Iamstillinabusinesspartnership，andcannotdivideinterests.

Ofthepaperswhichmakeupthevolume，somehaveappearedalreadyinTHECORNHILL，LONGMAN’S，SCRIBNER，THEENGLISHILLUSTRATED，THE

MAGAZINEOFART，THECONTEMPORARYREVIEW;threearehereinprintforthefirsttime;andtwoothershaveenjoyedonlywhatmayheregardedasaprivatecirculation.

R.LS.

CHAPTERI.THEFOREIGNERATHOME

\"Thisisnomyainhouse;

Ikenbythebiggin’o’t.\"

Tworecentbooks（1）onebyMr.GrantWhiteonEngland，oneonFrancebythediabolicallycleverMr.Hillebrand，maywellhavesetpeoplethinkingonthedivisionsofracesandnations.SuchthoughtsshouldarisewithparticularcongruityandforcetoinhabitantsofthatUnitedKingdom，peopledfromsomanydifferentstocks，babblingsomanydifferentdialects，andofferinginitsextentsuchsingularcontrasts，fromthebusiestover—populationtotheunkindliestdesert，fromtheBlackCountrytotheMoorofRannoch.Itisnotonlywhenwecrosstheseasthatwegoabroad;

thereareforeignpartsofEngland;andtheracethathasconqueredsowideanempirehasnotyetmanagedtoassimilatetheislandswhenceshesprang.Ireland，Wales，andtheScottishmountainsstillcling，inpart，totheiroldGaelicspeech.ItwasbuttheotherdaythatEnglishtriumphedinCornwall，andtheystillshowinMousehole，onSt.Michael’sBay，thehouseofthelastCornish—

speakingwoman.Englishitself，whichwillnowfrankthetravellerthroughthemostofNorthAmerica，throughthegreaterSouthSeaIslands，inIndia，alongmuchofthecoastofAfrica，andintheportsofChinaandJapan，isstilltobeheard，initshomecountry，inhalfahundredvaryingstagesoftransition.YoumaygoallovertheStates，and—settingasidetheactualintrusionandinfluenceofforeigners，negro，French，orChinese—youshallscarcemeetwithsomarkedadifferenceofaccentasinthefortymilesbetweenEdinburghandGlasgow，orofdialectasinthehundredmilesbetweenEdinburghandAberdeen.BookEnglishhasgoneroundtheworld，butathomewestillpreservetheracyidiomsofourfathers，andeverycounty，insomepartseverydale，hasitsownqualityofspeech，vocalorverbal.Inlikemanner，localcustomandprejudice，evenlocalreligionandlocallaw，lingeronintothelatterendofthenineteenthcentury—IMPERIAINIMPERIO，foreignthingsathome.

Inspiteofthesepromptingstoreflection，ignoranceofhisneighboursisthecharacterofthetypicalJohnBull.Hisisadomineeringnature，steadyinfight，imperioustocommand，butneithercuriousnorquickaboutthelifeofothers.InFrenchcolonies，andstillmoreintheDutch，Ihavereadthatthereisanimmediateandlivelycontactbetweenthedominantandthedominatedrace，thatacertainsympathyisbegotten，orattheleastatransfusionofprejudices，makinglifeeasierforboth.ButtheEnglishmansitsapart，burstingwithprideandignorance.Hefiguresamonghisvassalinthehourofpeacewiththesamedisdainfulairthatledhimontovictory.Apassingenthusiasmforsomeforeignartorfashionmaydeceivetheworld，itcannotimposeuponhisintimates.Hemaybeamusedbyaforeignerasbyamonkey，buthewillnevercondescendtostudyhimwithanypatience.MissBird，anauthoresswithwhomIprofessmyselfinlove，declaresalltheviandsofJapantobeuneatable—astaggeringpretension.So，whenthePrinceofWales’smarriagewascelebratedatMentonebyadinnertotheMentonese，itwasproposedtogivethemsolidEnglishfare—roastbeefandplumpudding，andnotomfoolery.HerewehaveeitherpoleoftheBritannicfolly.

Wewillnoteatthefoodofanyforeigner;nor，whenwehavethechance，willweeagerhimtoeatofithimself.ThesamespiritinspiredMissBird’sAmericanmissionaries，whohadcomethousandsofmilestochangethefaithofJapan，andopenlyprofessedtheirignoranceofthereligionstheyweretryingtosupplant.

IquoteanAmericaninthisconnectionwithoutscruple.UncleSamisbetterthanJohnBull，butheistarredwiththeEnglishstick.

ForMr.GrantWhitetheStatesaretheNewEnglandStatesandnothingmore.HewondersattheamountofdrinkinginLondon;lethimtrySanFrancisco.HewittilyreprovesEnglishignoranceastothestatusofwomeninAmerica;buthashenothimselfforgottenWyoming？ThenameYankee，ofwhichheissotenacious，isusedoverthemostofthegreatUnionasatermofreproach.TheYankeeStates，ofwhichheissostaunchasubject，arebutadropinthebucket.AndwefindinhisbookavastvirginignoranceofthelifeandprospectsofAmerica;everyviewpartial，parochial，notraisedtothehorizon;themoralfeelingproper，atthelargest，toacliqueofstates;andthewholescopeandatmospherenotAmerican，butmerelyYankee.Iwillgofarbeyondhiminreprobatingtheassumptionandtheincivilityofmycountryfolktotheircousinsfrombeyondthesea;Igrillinmybloodoverthesillyrudenessofournewspaperarticles;andIdonotknowwheretolookwhenIfindmyselfincompanywithanAmericanandseemycountrymenunbendingtohimastoaperformingdog.ButinthecaseofMr.GrantWhiteexamplewerebetterthanprecept.Wyomingis，afterall，morereadilyaccessibletoMr.WhitethanBostontotheEnglish，andtheNewEnglandself—sufficiencynobetterjustifiedthantheBritannic.

Itisso，perhaps，inallcountries;perhapsinall，menaremostignorantoftheforeignersathome.JohnBullisignorantoftheStates;heisprobablyignorantofIndia;butconsideringhisopportunities，heisfarmoreignorantofcountriesnearerhisowndoor.Thereisonecountry，forinstance—itsfrontiernotsofarfromLondon，itspeoplecloselyakin，itslanguagethesameinallessentialswiththeEnglish—ofwhichIwillgobailheknowsnothing.Hisignoranceofthesisterkingdomcannotbedescribed;

itcanonlybeillustratedbyanecdote.Ioncetravelledwithamanofplausiblemannersandgoodintelligence—aUniversityman，asthephrasegoes—aman，besides，whohadtakenhisdegreeinlifeandknewathingortwoabouttheagewelivein.Weweredeepintalk，whirlingbetweenPeterboroughandLondon;amongotherthings，hebegantodescribesomepieceoflegalinjusticehehadrecentlyencountered，andIobservedinmyinnocencethatthingswerenotsoinScotland.\"Ibegyourpardon，\"saidhe，\"thisisamatteroflaw.\"HehadneverheardoftheScotslaw;nordidhechoosetobeinformed.Thelawwasthesameforthewholecountry，hetoldmeroundly;everychildknewthat.Atlast，tosettlematters，IexplainedtohimthatIwasamemberofaScottishlegalbody，andhadstoodthebruntofanexaminationintheverylawinquestion.Thereuponhelookedmeforamomentfullinthefaceanddroppedtheconversation.Thisisamonstrousinstance，ifyoulike，butitdoesnotstandaloneintheexperienceofScots.

EnglandandScotlanddiffer，indeed，inlaw，inhistory，inreligion，ineducation，andintheverylookofnatureandmen’sfaces，notalwayswidely，butalwaystrenchantly.ManyparticularsthatstruckMr.GrantWhite，aYankee，struckme，aScot，nolessforcibly;heandIfeltourselvesforeignersonmanycommonprovocations.AScotchmanmaytrampthebetterpartofEuropeandtheUnitedStates，andneveragainreceivesovividanimpressionofforeigntravelandstrangelandsandmannersasonhisfirstexcursionintoEngland.Thechangefromahillytoalevelcountrystrikeshimwithdelightedwonder.Alongtheflathorizontherearisethefrequentvenerabletowersofchurches.Heseesattheendofairyvistastherevolutionofthewindmillsails.Hemaygowherehepleasesinthefuture;hemayseeAlps，andPyramids，andlions;butitwillbehardtobeatthepleasureofthatmoment.

Thereare，indeed，fewmerrierspectaclesthanthatofmanywindmillsbickeringtogetherinafreshbreezeoverawoodycountry;theirhaltingalacrityofmovement，theirpleasantbusiness，makingbreadalldaywithuncouthgesticulations，theirair，giganticallyhuman，asofacreaturehalfalive，putaspiritofromanceintothetamestlandscape.WhentheScotchchildseesthemfirsthefallsimmediatelyinlove;andfromthattimeforwardwindmillskeepturninginhisdreams.Andso，intheirdegree，witheveryfeatureofthelifeandlandscape.Thewarm，habitableageoftownsandhamlets，thegreen，settled，ancientlookofthecountry;thelushhedgerows，stiles，andprivypath—waysinthefields;thesluggish，brimmingrivers;chalkandsmock—frocks;

chimesofbellsandtherapid，pertly—soundingEnglishspeech—

theyareallnewtothecuriosity;theyareallsettoEnglishairsinthechild’sstorythathetellshimselfatnight.Thesharpedgeofnoveltywearsoff;thefeelingisscotched，butIdoubtwhetheritiseverkilled.Ratheritkeepsreturning，everthemorerarelyandstrangely，andeveninscenestowhichyouhavebeenlongaccustomedsuddenlyawakesandgivesarelishtoenjoymentorheightensthesenseofisolation.

OnethingespeciallycontinuesunfamiliartotheScotchman’seye—

thedomesticarchitecture，thelookofstreetsandbuildings;thequaint，venerableageofmany，andthethinwallsandwarmcolouringofall.Wehave，inScotland，farfewerancientbuildings，aboveallincountryplaces;andthosethatwehaveareallofhewnorharledmasonry.Woodhasbeensparinglyusedintheirconstruction;thewindow—framesaresunkeninthewall，notflattothefront，asinEngland;theroofsaresteeper—pitched;

evenahillfarmwillhaveamassy，square，coldandpermanentappearance.Englishhouses，incomparison，havethelookofcardboardtoys，suchasapuffmightshatter.AndtothistheScotchmanneverbecomesused.Hiseyecanneverrestconsciouslyononeofthesebrickhouses—ricklesofbrick，ashemightcallthem—orononeoftheseflat—chestedstreets，butheisinstantlyremindedwhereheis，andinstantlytravelsbackinfancytohishome.\"Thisisnomyainhouse;Ikenbythebiggin’o’t.\"Andyetperhapsitishisown，boughtwithhisownmoney，thekeyofitlongpolishedinhispocket;butithasnotyet，andneverwillbe，thoroughlyadoptedbyhisimagination;nordoesheceasetorememberthat，inthewholelengthandbreadthofhisnativecountry，therewasnobuildingevendistantlyresemblingit.

ButitisnotaloneinsceneryandarchitecturethatwecountEnglandforeign.Theconstitutionofsociety，theverypillarsoftheempire，surpriseandevenpainus.Thedull，neglectedpeasant，sunkinmatter，insolent，grossandservile，makesastartlingcontrastwithourownlong—legged，long—headed，thoughtful，Bible—quotingploughman.AweekortwoinsuchaplaceasSuffolkleavestheScotchmangasping.Itseemsincrediblethatwithintheboundariesofhisownislandaclassshouldhavebeenthusforgotten.Eventheeducatedandintelligent，whoholdourownopinionsandspeakinourownwords，yetseemtoholdthemwithadifferenceor，fromanotherreason，andtospeakonallthingswithlessinterestandconviction.ThefirstshockofEnglishsocietyislikeacoldplunge.ItispossiblethattheScotcomeslookingfortoomuch，andtobesurehisfirstexperimentwillbeinthewrongdirection.Yetsurelyhiscomplaintisgrounded;

surelythespeechofEnglishmenistoooftenlackingingenerousardour，thebetterpartofthemantoooftenwithheldfromthesocialcommerce，andthecontactofmindwithmindevadedaswithterror.AScotchpeasantwilltalkmoreliberallyoutofhisownexperience.Hewillnotputyoubywithconversationalcountersandsmalljests;hewillgiveyouthebestofhimself，likeoneinterestedinlifeandman’schiefend.AScotchmanisvain，interestedinhimselfandothers，eagerforsympathy，settingforthhisthoughtsandexperienceinthebestlight.TheegoismoftheEnglishmanisself—contained.Hedoesnotseektoproselytise.HetakesnointerestinScotlandortheScotch，and，whatistheunkindestcutofall，hedoesnotcaretojustifyhisindifference.

GivehimthewagesofgoingonandbeinganEnglishman，thatisallheasks;andinthemeantime，whileyoucontinuetoassociate，hewouldrathernotberemindedofyourbaserorigin.Comparedwiththegrand，tree—likeself—sufficiencyofhisdemeanour，thevanityandcuriosityoftheScotseemuneasy，vulgar，andimmodest.Thatyoushouldcontinuallytrytoestablishhumanandseriousrelations，thatyoushouldactuallyfeelaninterestinJohnBull，anddesireandinviteareturnofinterestfromhim，mayarguesomethingmoreawakeandlivelyinyourmind，butitstillputsyouintheattitudeofasuitorandapoorrelation.ThuseventhelowestclassoftheeducatedEnglishtowersoveraScotchmanbytheheadandshoulders.

DifferentindeedistheatmosphereinwhichScotchandEnglishyouthbegintolookaboutthem，cometothemselvesinlife，andgatherupthosefirstapprehensionswhicharethematerialoffuturethoughtand，toagreatextent，theruleoffutureconduct.

Ihavebeentoschoolinbothcountries，andIfound，intheboysoftheNorth，somethingatoncerougherandmoretender，atoncemorereserveandmoreexpansion，agreaterhabitualdistancechequeredbyglimpsesofanearerintimacy，andonthewholewiderextremesoftemperamentandsensibility.TheboyoftheSouthseemsmorewholesome，butlessthoughtful;hegiveshimselftogamesastoabusiness，strivingtoexcel，butisnotreadilytransportedbyimagination;thetyperemainswithmeascleanerinmindandbody，moreactive，fonderofeating，endowedwithalesserandalessromanticsenseoflifeandofthefuture，andmoreimmersedinpresentcircumstances.Andcertainly，foronething，Englishboysareyoungerfortheirage.Sabbathobservancemakesaseriesofgrim，andperhapsserviceable，pausesinthetenorofScotchboyhood—daysofgreatstillnessandsolitudefortherebelliousmind，wheninthedearthofbooksandplay，andintheintervalsofstudyingtheShorterCatechism，theintellectandsensespreyuponandtesteachother.ThetypicalEnglishSunday，withthehugemiddaydinnerandtheplethoricafternoon，leadsperhapstodifferentresults.AbouttheverycradleoftheScottheregoesahumofmetaphysicaldivinity;andthewholeoftwodivergentsystemsissummedup，notmerelyspeciously，inthetwofirstquestionsoftherivalcatechisms，theEnglishtritelyinquiring，\"Whatisyourname？\"theScottishstrikingattheveryrootsoflifewith，\"Whatisthechiefendofman？\"andansweringnobly，ifobscurely，\"ToglorifyGodandtoenjoyHimforever.\"I

donotwishtomakeanidoloftheShorterCatechism;butthefactofsuchaquestionbeingaskedopenstousScotchagreatfieldofspeculation;andthefactthatitisaskedofallofus，fromthepeertotheploughboy，bindsusmorenearlytogether.NoEnglishmanofByron’sage，character，andhistorywouldhavehadpatienceforlongtheologicaldiscussionsonthewaytofightforGreece;butthedaftGordonbloodandtheAberdonianschool—dayskepttheirinfluencetotheend.Wehavespokenofthematerialconditions;norneedmuchmorebesaidofthese：ofthelandlyingeverywheremoreexposed，ofthewindalwayslouderandbleaker，oftheblack，roaringwinters，ofthegloomofhigh—lying，oldstonecities，imminentonthewindyseaboard;comparedwiththelevelstreets，thewarmcolouringofthebrick，thedomesticquaintnessofthearchitecture，amongwhichEnglishchildrenbegintogrowupandcometothemselvesinlife.AsthestageoftheUniversityapproaches，thecontrastbecomesmoreexpress.TheEnglishladgoestoOxfordorCambridge;there，inanidealworldofgardens，toleadasemi—sceniclife，costumed，disciplinedanddrilledbyproctors.Noristhistoberegardedmerelyasastageofeducation;itisapieceofprivilegebesides，andastepthatseparateshimfurtherfromthebulkofhiscompatriots.AtanearlieragetheScottishladbeginshisgreatlydifferentexperienceofcrowdedclass—rooms，ofagauntquadrangle，ofabellhourlyboomingoverthetrafficofthecitytorecallhimfromthepublic—housewherehehasbeenlunching，orthestreetswherehehasbeenwanderingfancy—free.Hiscollegelifehaslittleofrestraint，andnothingofnecessarygentility.Hewillfindnoquietcliqueoftheexclusive，studiousandcultured;norottenboroughofthearts.Allclassesrubshouldersonthegreasybenches.Theraffishyounggentlemaninglovesmustmeasurehisscholarshipwiththeplain，clownishladdiefromtheparishschool.

Theyseparate，atthesession’send，onetosmokecigarsaboutawatering—place，theothertoresumethelaboursofthefieldbesidehispeasantfamily.ThefirstmusterofacollegeclassinScotlandisasceneofcuriousandpainfulinterest;somanylads，freshfromtheheather，hangroundthestoveincloddishembarrassment，ruffledbythepresenceoftheirsmartercomrades，andafraidofthesoundoftheirownrusticvoices.Itwasintheseearlydays，Ithink，thatProfessorBlackiewontheaffectionofhispupils，puttingtheseuncouth，umbrageousstudentsattheireasewithreadyhumangeniality.Thus，atleast，wehaveahealthydemocraticatmospheretobreatheinwhileatwork;evenwhenthereisnocordialitythereisalwaysajuxtapositionofthedifferentclasses，andinthecompetitionofstudytheintellectualpowerofeachisplainlydemonstratedtotheother.Ourtasksended，weoftheNorthgoforthasfreemenintothehumming，lamplitcity.Atfiveo’clockyoumayseethelastofushivingfromthecollegegates，intheglareoftheshopwindows，underthegreenglimmerofthewintersunset.Thefrosttinglesinourblood;noproctorliesinwaittointerceptus;tillthebellsoundsagain，wearethemastersoftheworld;andsomeportionofourlivesisalwaysSaturday，LATREVEDEDIEU.

Normustweomitthesenseofthenatureofhiscountryandhiscountry’shistorygraduallygrowinginthechild’smindfromstoryandfromobservation.AScottishchildhearsmuchofshipwreck，outlyingironskerries，pitilessbreakers，andgreatsea—lights;

muchofheatherymountains，wildclans，andhuntedCovenanters.

BreathscometohiminsongofthedistantCheviotsandtheringofforayinghoofs.Hegloriesinhishard—fistedforefathers，oftheirongirdleandthehandfulofoat—meal，whorodesoswiftlyandlivedsosparelyontheirraids.Poverty，ill—luck，enterprise，andconstantresolutionarethefibresofthelegendofhiscountry’shistory.TheheroesandkingsofScotlandhavebeentragicallyfated;themostmarkingincidentsinScottishhistory—

Flodden，Darien，ortheForty—fivewerestilleitherfailuresordefeats;andthefallofWallaceandtherepeatedreversesoftheBrucecombinewiththeverysmallnessofthecountrytoteachratheramoralthanamaterialcriterionforlife.Britainisaltogethersmall，themeretaprootofherextendedempire：

Scotland，again，whichalonetheScottishboyadoptsinhisimagination，isbutalittlepartofthat，andavowedlycold，sterileandunpopulous.Itisnotsofornothing.IonceseemedtohaveperceivedinanAmericanboyagreaterreadinessofsympathyforlandsthataregreat，andrich，andgrowing，likehisown.Itprovedtobequiteotherwise：ameredumbpieceofboyishromance，thatIhadlackedpenetrationtodivine.Buttheerrorservesthepurposeofmyargument;forIamsure，atleast，thattheheartofyoungScotlandwillbealwaystouchedmorenearlybypaucityofnumberandSpartanpovertyoflife.

Sowemayargue，andyetthedifferenceisnotexplained.ThatShorterCatechismwhichItookasbeingsotypicalofScotland，wasyetcomposedinthecityofWestminster.ThedivisionofracesismoresharplymarkedwithinthebordersofScotlanditselfthanbetweenthecountries.GallowayandBuchan，LothianandLochaber，arelikeforeignparts;yetyoumaychooseamanfromanyofthem，and，tentoone，heshallprovetohavetheheadmarkofaScot.A

centuryandahalfagotheHighlanderworeadifferentcostume，spokeadifferentlanguage，worshippedinanotherchurch，helddifferentmorals，andobeyedadifferentsocialconstitutionfromhisfellow—countrymeneitherofthesouthornorth.EventheEnglish，itisrecorded，didnotloathetheHighlanderandtheHighlandcostumeastheywereloathedbytheremainderoftheScotch.YettheHighlanderfelthimselfaScot.HewouldwillinglyraidintotheScotchlowlands;buthiscouragefailedhimattheborder，andheregardedEnglandasaperilous，unhomelyland.WhentheBlackWatch，afteryearsofforeignservice，returnedtoScotland，veteransleapedoutandkissedtheearthatPortPatrick.TheyhadbeeninIreland，stationedamongmenoftheirownraceandlanguage，wheretheywerewelllikedandtreatedwithaffection;butitwasthesoilofGallowaythattheykissedattheextremeendofthehostilelowlands，amongapeoplewhodidnotunderstandtheirspeech，andwhohadhated，harried，andhangedthemsincethedawnofhistory.Last，andperhapsmostcurious，thesonsofchieftainswereofteneducatedonthecontinentofEurope.TheywentabroadspeakingGaelic;theyreturnedspeaking，notEnglish，butthebroaddialectofScotland.Now，whatideahadtheyintheirmindswhentheythus，inthought，identifiedthemselveswiththeirancestralenemies？WhatwasthesenseinwhichtheywereScotchandnotEnglish，orScotchandnotIrish？

Canabarenamebethusinfluentialonthemindsandaffectionsofmen，andapoliticalaggregationblindthemtothenatureoffacts？

ThestoryoftheAustrianEmpirewouldseemtoanswer，NO;thefarmoregallingbusinessofIrelandclenchesthenegativefromnearerhome.Isitcommoneducation，commonmorals，acommonlanguageoracommonfaith，thatjoinmenintonations？Therewerepracticallynoneoftheseinthecaseweareconsidering.

Thefactremains：inspiteofthedifferenceofbloodandlanguage，theLowlanderfeelshimselfthesentimentalcountrymanoftheHighlander.Whentheymeetabroad，theyfalluponeachother’snecksinspirit;evenathomethereisakindofclannishintimacyintheirtalk.ButfromhiscompatriotinthesouththeLowlanderstandsconsciouslyapart.Hehashadadifferenttraining;heobeysdifferentlaws;hemakeshiswillinotherterms，isotherwisedivorcedandmarried;hiseyesarenotathomeinanEnglishlandscapeorwithEnglishhouses;hisearcontinuestoremarktheEnglishspeech;andeventhoughhistongueacquiretheSouthernknack，hewillstillhaveastrongScotchaccentofthemind.

CHAPTERII.SOMECOLLEGEMEMORIES（2）

IAMaskedtowritesomething（itisnotspecificallystatedwhat）

totheprofitandgloryofmyALMAMATER;andthefactisIseemtobeinverynearlythesamecasewiththosewhoaddressedme，forwhileIamwillingenoughtowritesomething，Iknownotwhattowrite.OnlyonepointIsee，thatifIamtowriteatall，itshouldbeoftheUniversityitselfandmyowndaysunderitsshadow;ofthethingsthatarestillthesameandofthosethatarealreadychanged：suchtalk，inshort，aswouldpassnaturallybetweenastudentofto—dayandoneofyesterday，supposingthemtomeetandgrowconfidential.

Thegenerationspassawayswiftlyenoughonthehighseasoflife;

moreswiftlystillinthelittlebubblingback—waterofthequadrangle;sothatweseethere，onascalestartlinglydiminished，theflightoftimeandthesuccessionofmen.Ilookedformynametheotherdayinlastyear’scase—bookoftheSpeculative.NaturallyenoughIlookedforitneartheend;itwasnotthere，noryetinthenextcolumn，sothatIbegantothinkithadbeendroppedatpress;andwhenatlastIfoundit，mountedontheshouldersofsomanysuccessors，andlookinginthatposturelikethenameofamanofninety，Iwasconsciousofsomeofthedignityofyears.Thiskindofdignityoftemporalprecessionislikely，withprolongedlife，tobecomemorefamiliar，possiblylesswelcome;butIfeltitstronglythen，itisstronglyonmenow，andIamthemoreemboldenedtospeakwithmysuccessorsinthetoneofaparentandapraiserofthingspast.

For，indeed，thatwhichtheyattendisbutafallenUniversity;ithasdoubtlesssomeremainsofgood，forhumaninstitutionsdeclinebygradualstages;butdecline，inspiteofallseemingembellishments，itdoes;andwhatisperhapsmoresingular，begantodosowhenIceasedtobeastudent.Thus，byanoddchance，I

hadtheverylastoftheverybestofALMAMATER;thesamething，I

hear（whichmakesitthemorestrange），hadpreviouslyhappenedtomyfather;andiftheyaregoodanddonotdie，somethingnotatallunsimilarwillbefoundintimetohavebefallenmysuccessorsofto—day.Ofthespecificpointsofchange，ofadvantageinthepast，ofshortcominginthepresent，Imustownthat，onanearexamination，theylookwondrouscloudy.Thechiefandfarthemostlamentablechangeistheabsenceofacertainlean，ugly，idle，unpopularstudent，whosepresencewasformethegistandheartofthewholematter;whosechanginghumours，fineoccasionalpurposesofgood，flinchingacceptanceofevil，shiveringsonwet，east—

windy，morningjourneysuptoclass，infiniteyawningsduringlectureandunquenchablegustointhedelightsoftruantry，madeupthesunshineandshadowofmycollegelife.Youcannotfancywhatyoumissedinmissinghim;hisvirtues，Imakesure，areinconceivabletohissuccessors，justastheywereapparentlyconcealedfromhiscontemporaries，forIwaspracticallyaloneinthepleasureIhadinhissociety.Poorsoul，Irememberhowmuchhewascastdownattimes，andhowlife（whichhadnotyetbegun）

seemedtobealreadyatanend，andhopequitedead，andmisfortuneanddishonour，likephysicalpresences，dogginghimashewent.

Anditmaybeworthwhiletoaddthatthesecloudsrolledawayintheirseason，andthatallcloudsrollawayatlast，andthetroublesofyouthinparticulararethingsbutofamoment.Sothisstudent，whomIhaveinmyeye，tookhisfullshareoftheseconcerns，andthatverylargelybyhisownfault;buthestillclungtohisfortune，andinthemidstofmuchmisconduct，keptoninhisownwaylearninghowtowork;andatlast，tohiswonder，escapedoutofthestageofstudentshipnotopenlyshamed;leavingbehindhimtheUniversityofEdinburghshornofagooddealofitsinterestformyself.

Butwhileheis（inmoresensesthanone）thefirstperson，heisbynomeanstheonlyonewhomIregret，orwhomthestudentsofto—

day，iftheyknewwhattheyhadlost，wouldregretalso.TheyhavestillTait，tobesure—longmaytheyhavehim！—andtheyhavestillTait’sclass—room，cupolaandall;butthinkofwhatadifferentplaceitwaswhenthisyouthofmine（atleastonrolldays）wouldbepresentonthebenches，and，atthenearendoftheplatform，Lindsaysenior（3）wasairinghisrobustoldage.ItispossiblemysuccessorsmayhaveneverevenheardofOldLindsay;

butwhenhewent，alinksnappedwiththelastcentury.Hehadsomethingofarusticair，sturdyandfreshandplain;hespokewitharipeeast—countryaccent，whichIusedtoadmire;hisreminiscenceswereallofjourneysonfootorhighwaysbusywithpost—chaises—aScotlandbeforesteam;hehadseenthecoalfireontheIsleofMay，andheregaledmewithtalesofmyowngrandfather.Thushewasformeamirrorofthingsperished;itwasonlyinhismemorythatIcouldseethehugeshockofflamesoftheMaybeaconstreamtoleeward，andthewatchers，astheyfedthefire，layholdunscorchedofthewindwardbarsofthefurnace;itwasonlythusthatIcouldseemygrandfatherdrivingswiftlyinagigalongtheseaboardroadfromPittenweemtoCrail，andforallhisbusinesshurry，drawinguptospeakgood—humouredlywiththosehemet.Andnow，inhisturn，Lindsayisgonealso;inhabitsonlythememoriesofothermen，tilltheseshallfollowhim;andfiguresinmyreminiscencesasmygrandfatherfiguredinhis.

To—day，again，theyhaveProfessorButcher，andIhearhehasaprodigiousdealofGreek;andtheyhaveProfessorChrystal，whoisamanfilledwiththemathematics.Anddoubtlesstheseareset—

offs.ButtheycannotchangethefactthatProfessorBlackiehasretired，andthatProfessorKellandisdead.Noman’seducationiscompleteortrulyliberalwhoknewnotKelland.Therewereunutterablelessonsinthemeresightofthatfrailoldclericalgentleman，livelyasaboy，kindlikeafairygodfather，andkeepingperfectorderinhisclassbythespellofthatverykindness.Ihaveheardhimdriftintoreminiscencesinclasstime，thoughnotforlong，andgiveusglimpsesofold—worldlifeinout—

of—the—wayEnglishparisheswhenhewasyoung;thusplayingthesamepartasLindsay—thepartofthesurvivingmemory，signallingoutofthedarkbackwardandabysmoftimetheimagesofperishedthings.Butitwasapartthatscarcebecamehim;hesomehowlackedthemeans：forallhissilverhairandwornface，hewasnottrulyold;andhehadtoomuchoftheunrestandpetulantfireofyouth，andtoomuchinvincibleinnocenceofmind，toplaytheveteranwell.Thetimetomeasurehimbest，totaste（intheoldphrase）hisgraciousnature，waswhenhereceivedhisclassathome.Whataprettysimplicitywouldhethenshow，tryingtoamuseuslikechildrenwithtoys;andwhatanengagingnervousnessofmanner，asfearingthathiseffortsmightnotsucceed！Trulyhemadeusallfeellikechildren，andlikechildrenembarrassed，butatthesametimefilledwithsympathyfortheconscientious，troubledelder—boywhowasworkingsohardtoentertainus.A

theoristhasheldtheviewthatthereisnofeatureinmansotell—

taleashisspectacles;thatthemouthmaybecompressedandthebrowsmoothedartificially，butthesheenofthebarnaclesisdiagnostic.AndtrulyitmusthavebeenthuswithKelland;forasIstillfancyIbeholdhimfriskingactivelyabouttheplatform，pointerinhand，thatwhichIseemtoseemostclearlyisthewayhisglassesglitteredwithaffection.Ineverknewbutoneothermanwhohad（ifyouwillpermitthephrase）sokindaspectacle;

andthatwasDr.Appleton.Butthelightinhiscasewastemperedandpassive;inKelland’sitdanced，andchanged，andflashedvivaciouslyamongthestudents，likeaperpetualchallengetogoodwill.

IcannotsaysomuchaboutProfessorBlackie，foragoodreason.

Kelland’sclassIattended，onceevengainedthereacertificateofmerit，theonlydistinctionofmyUniversitycareer.ButalthoughIamtheholderofacertificateofattendanceintheprofessor’sownhand，IcannotremembertohavebeenpresentintheGreekclassaboveadozentimes.ProfessorBlackiewasevenkindenoughtoremark（morethanonce）whileintheveryactofwritingthedocumentabovereferredto，thathedidnotknowmyface.Indeed，Ideniedmyselfmanyopportunities;actinguponanextensiveandhighlyrationalsystemoftruantry，whichcostmeagreatdealoftroubletoputinexercise—perhapsasmuchaswouldhavetaughtmeGreek—andsentmeforthintotheworldandtheprofessionofletterswiththemerestshadowofaneducation.Buttheysayitisalwaysagoodthingtohavetakenpains，andthatsuccessisitsownreward，whateverbeitsnature;sothat，perhaps，evenuponthisIshouldplumemyself，thatnooneeverplayedthetruantwithmoredeliberatecare，andnoneeverhadmorecertificatesforlesseducation.Oneconsequence，however，ofmysystemisthatIhavemuchlesstosayofProfessorBlackiethanIhadofProfessorKelland;andasheisstillalive，andwilllong，Ihope，continuetobeso，itwillnotsurpriseyouverymuchthatIhavenointentionofsayingit.

Meanwhile，howmanyothershavegone—Jenkin，Hodgson，andIknownotwhobesides;andofthattideofstudentsthatusedtothrongthearchandblackenthequadrangle，howmanyarescatteredintotheremotestpartsoftheearth，andhowmanymorehavelaindownbesidetheirfathersintheir\"resting—graves\"！Andagain，howmanyoftheselasthavenotfoundtheirwaythere，alltooearly，throughthestressofeducation！Thatwasonething，atleast，fromwhichmytruantryprotectedme.IamsorryindeedthatIhavenoGreek，butIshouldbesorrierstillifIweredead;nordoI

knowthenameofthatbranchofknowledgewhichisworthacquiringatthepriceofabrainfever.Therearemanysordidtragediesinthelifeofthestudent，aboveallifhebepoor，ordrunken，orboth;butnothingmoremovesawiseman’spitythanthecaseoftheladwhoisintoomuchhurrytobelearned.Andso，forthesakeofamoralattheend，Iwillcalluponemorefigure，andhavedone.Astudent，ambitiousofsuccessbythathot，intemperatemannerofstudythatnowgrowssocommon，readnightanddayforanexamination.Ashewenton，thetaskbecamemoreeasytohim，sleepwasmoreeasilybanished，hisbraingrewhotandclearandmorecapacious，thenecessaryknowledgedailyfullerandmoreorderly.Itcametotheeveofthetrialandhewatchedallnightinhishighchamber，reviewingwhatheknew，andalreadysecureofsuccess.Hiswindowlookedeastward，andbeing（asIsaid）highup，andthehouseitselfstandingonahill，commandedaviewoverdwindlingsuburbstoacountryhorizon.Atlastmystudentdrewuphisblind，andstillinquiteajocundhumour，lookedabroad.Daywasbreaking，thecastwastingingwithstrangefires，thecloudsbreakingupforthecomingofthesun;andatthesight，namelessterrorseizeduponhismind.Hewassane，hissenseswereundisturbed;hesawclearly，andknewwhathewasseeing，andknewthatitwasnormal;buthecouldneitherbeartoseeitnorfindthestrengthtolookaway，andfledinpanicfromhischamberintotheenclosureofthestreet.Inthecoolairandsilence，andamongthesleepinghouses，hisstrengthwasrenewed.Nothingtroubledhimbutthememoryofwhathadpassed，andanabjectfearofitsreturn.

\"Gallocanente，spesredit，Aegrissalusrefunditur，Lapsisfidesrevertitur，\"

astheysangofoldinPortugalintheMorningOffice.Buttohimthatgoodhourofcockcrow，andthechangesofthedawn，hadbroughtpanic，andlastingdoubt，andsuchterrorashestillshooktothinkof.Hedarednotreturntohislodging;hecouldnoteat;

hesatdown，heroseup，hewandered;thecitywokeabouthimwithitscheerfulbustle，thesunclimbedoverhead;andstillhegrewbutthemoreabsorbedinthedistressofhisrecollectionandthefearofhispastfear.Attheappointedhour，hecametothedooroftheplaceofexamination;butwhenhewasasked，hehadforgottenhisname.Seeinghimsodisordered，theyhadnotthehearttosendhimaway，butgavehimapaperandadmittedhim，stillnameless，totheHall.Vainkindness，vainefforts.Hecouldonlysitinastillgrowinghorror，writingnothing，ignorantofall，hismindfilledwithasinglememoryofthebreakingdayandhisownintolerablefear.Andthatsamenighthewastossinginabrainfever.

Peopleareafraidofwarandwoundsanddentists，allwithexcellentreason;butthesearenottobecomparedwithsuchchaoticterrorsofthemindasfellonthisyoungman，andmadehimcoverhiseyesfromtheinnocentmorning.WeallhavebyourbedsidestheboxoftheMerchantAbudah，thankGod，securelyenoughshut;butwhenayoungmansacrificessleeptolabour，lethimhaveacare，forheisplayingwiththelock.

CHAPTERIII.OLDMORTALITY

I

THEREisacertaingraveyard，lookeduponontheonesidebyaprison，ontheotherbythewindowsofaquiethotel;below，underasteepcliff，itbeholdsthetrafficofmanylinesofrail，andthescreamoftheengineandtheshockofmeetingbuffersmounttoitalldaylong.Theaislesarelinedwiththeinclosedsepulchresoffamilies，doorbeyonddoor，likehousesinastreet;andinthemorningtheshadowoftheprisonturrets，andofmanytallmemorials，falluponthegraves.There，inthehotfitsofyouth，Icametobeunhappy.Pleasantincidentsarewovenwithmymemoryoftheplace.Iheremadefriendswithaplainoldgentleman，avisitoronsunnymornings，gravelycheerful，who，withoneeyeupontheplacethatawaitedhim，chirpedabouthisyouthlikewintersparrows;abeautifulhousemaidofthehotelonce，forsomedaystogether，dumblyflirtedwithmefromawindowandkeptmywildheartflying;andonce—shepossiblyremembers—thewiseEugeniafollowedmetothataustereinclosure.Herhaircamedown，andintheshelterofthetombmytremblingfingershelpedhertorepairthebraid.ButforthemostpartIwenttheresolitaryand，withirrevocableemotion，poredonthenamesoftheforgotten.Nameaftername，andtoeachtheconventionalattributionsandtheidledates：aregimentoftheunknownthathadbeenthejoyofmothers，andhadthrilledwiththeillusionsofyouth，andatlast，inthedimsick—room，wrestledwiththepangsofoldmortality.Inthatwholecrewofthesilencedtherewasbutoneofwhommyfancyhadreceivedapicture;andhe，withhiscomely，floridcountenance，bewiggedandhabitedinscarlet，andinhisdaycombiningfameandpopularity，stoodforth，likeataunt，amongthatcompanyofphantomappellations.Itwasthenpossibletoleavebehindussomethingmoreexplicitthanthesesevere，monotonousandlyingepitaphs;andthethingleft，thememoryofapaintedpictureandwhatwecalltheimmortalityofaname，washardlymoredesirablethanmereoblivion.EvenDavidHume，ashelaycomposedbeneaththat\"circularidea，\"wasfainterthanadream;andwhenthehousemaid，broominhand，smiledandbeckonedfromtheopenwindow，thefameofthatbewiggedphilosophermeltedlikearaindropinthesea.

AndyetinsobernessIcaredaslittleforthehousemaidasforDavidHume.Theinterestsofyoutharerarelyfrank;hispassions，likeNoah’sdove，comehometoroost.Thefire，sensibility，andvolumeofhisownnature，thatisallthathehaslearnedtorecognise.Thetumultuaryandgraytideoflife，theempireofroutine，theunrejoicingfacesofhiselders，fillhimwithcontemptuoussurprise;therealsoheseemstowalkamongthetombsofspirits;anditisonlyinthecourseofyears，andaftermuchrubbingwithhisfellow—men，thathebeginsbyglimpsestoseehimselffromwithoutandhisfellowsfromwithin：toknowhisownforoneamongthethousandundenotedcountenancesofthecitystreet，andtodivineinothersthethrobofhumanagonyandhope.

Inthemeantimehewillavoidthehospitaldoors，thepalefaces，thecripple，thesweetwhiffofchloroform—forthere，onthemostthoughtless，thepainsofothersareburnedhome;buthewillcontinuetowalk，inadivineself—pity，theaislesoftheforgottengraveyard.Thelengthofman’slife，whichisendlesstothebraveandbusy，isscornedbyhisambitiousthought.Hecannotbeartohavecomeforsolittle，andtogoagainsowholly.Hecannotbear，aboveall，inthatbriefscene，tobestillidle，andbywayofcure，neglectsthelittlethathehastodo.Theparableofthetalentisthebriefepitomeofyouth.Tobelieveinimmortalityisonething，butitisfirstneedfultobelieveinlife.Denunciatorypreachersseemnottosuspectthattheymaybetakengravelyandinevilpart;thatyoungmenmaycometothinkoftimeasofamoment，andwiththeprideofSatanwavebacktheinadequategift.Yethereisatrueperil;thisitisthatsetsthemtopacethegraveyardalleysandtoread，withstrangeextremesofpityandderision，thememorialsofthedead.

Booksweretheproperremedy：booksofvividhumanimport，forcingupontheirmindstheissues，pleasures，busyness，importanceandimmediacyofthatlifeinwhichtheystand;booksofsmilingorheroictemper，toexciteortoconsole;booksofalargedesign，shadowingthecomplexityofthatgameofconsequencestowhichweallsitdown，thehanger—backnotleast.Buttheaveragesermonfleesthepoint，disportingitselfinthateternityofwhichweknow，andneedtoknow，solittle;avoidingthebright，crowded，andmomentousfieldsoflifewheredestinyawaitsus.Upontheaveragebookawritermaybesilent;hemaysetitdowntohisill—

hapthatwhenhisownyouthwasintheacridfermentation，heshouldhavefallenandfeduponthecheerlessfieldsofObermann.

YettoMr.Arnold，wholedhimtothesepastures，hestillbearsagrudge.ThedayisperhapsnotfaroftwhenpeoplewillbegintocountMOLLFLANDERS，ay，orTHECOUNTRYWIFE，morewholesomeandmorepiousdietthantheseguide—bookstoconsistentegoism.

ButthemostinhumanofboyssoonweariesoftheinhumanityofObermann.AndevenwhileIstillcontinuedtobeahaunterofthegraveyard，Ibeganinsensiblytoturnmyattentiontothegrave—

diggers，andwasweanedoutofmyselftoobservetheconductofvisitors.Thiswasdayspring，indeed，toaladinsuchgreatdarkness.NotthatIbegantoseemen，ortotrytoseethem，fromwithin，nortolearncharityandmodestyandjusticefromthesight;butstillstaredatthemexternallyfromtheprisonwindowsofmyaffectation.OnceIremembertohaveobservedtwoworking—

womenwithababyhaltingbyagrave;therewassomethingmonumentalinthegrouping，oneuprightcarryingthechild，theotherwithbowedfacecrouchingbyherside.Awreathofimmortellesunderaglassdomehadthusattractedthem;and，drawingnear，Ioverheardtheirjudgmentonthatwonder.\"Eh！whatextravagance！\"

Toayouthafflictedwiththecallosityofsentiment，thisquaintandpregnantsayingappearedmerelybase.

Myacquaintancewithgrave—diggers，consideringitslength，wasunremarkable.One，indeed，whomIfoundplyinghisspadeintheredevening，highaboveAllanWaterandintheshadowofDunblaneCathedral，toldmeofhisacquaintancewiththebirdsthatstillattendedonhislabours;howsomewouldevenperchabouthim，waitingfortheirprey;andinatrueSexton’sCalendar，howthespeciesvariedwiththeseasonoftheyear.Butthiswastheverypoetryoftheprofession.TheotherswhomIknewweresomewhatdry.Afaintflavourofthegardenerhungaboutthem，butsophisticatedanddis—bloomed.Theyhadengagementstokeep，notalonewiththedeliberateseriesoftheseasons，butwithman—

kind’sclocksandhour—longmeasurementoftime.Andthustherewasnoleisurefortherelishingpinch，orthehour—longgossip，footonspade.Theyweremenwrappedupintheirgrimbusiness;

theylikedwelltoopenlong—closedfamilyvaults，blowinginthekeyandthrowingwidethegrating;andtheycarriedintheirmindsacalendarofnamesanddates.Itwouldbe\"infifty—twa\"thatsuchatombwaslastopenedfor\"MissJemimy.\"Itwasthustheyspokeoftheirpastpatients—familiarlybutnotwithoutrespect，likeoldfamilyservants.Hereisindeedaservant，whomweforgetthatwepossess;whodoesnotwaitatthebrighttable，orrunatthebell’ssummons，butpatientlysmokeshispipebesidethemortuaryfire，andinhisfaithfulmemorynotchestheburialsofourrace.TosuspectShakespeareinhismaturityofasuperficialtouchsavoursofparadox;yethewassurelyinerrorwhenheattributedinsensibilitytothediggerofthegrave.ButperhapsitisonHamletthatthechargeshouldlie;orperhapstheEnglishsextondiffersfromtheScotch.The\"goodmandelver，\"reckoninguphisyearsofoffice，mighthaveatleastsuggestedotherthoughts.

Itisapridecommonamongsextons.Acabinet—makerdoesnotcounthiscabinets，norevenanauthorhisvolumes，savewhentheystareuponhimfromtheshelves;butthegrave—diggernumbershisgraves.

Hewouldindeedbesomethingdifferentfromhumanifhissolitaryopen—airandtragiclaboursleftnotabroadmarkuponhismind.

There，inhistranquilaisle，apartfromcityclamour，amongthecatsandrobinsandtheancienteffigiesandlegendsofthetomb，hewaitsthecontinualpassageofhiscontemporaries，fallinglikeminutedropsintoeternity.Astheyfall，hecountsthem;andthisenumeration，whichwasatfirstperhapsappallingtohissoul，intheprocessofyearsandbythekindlyinfluenceofhabitgrowstobehisprideandpleasure.Therearemanycommonstoriestellinghowhepiqueshimselfoncrowdedcemeteries.ButIwillrathertelloftheoldgrave—diggerofMonkton，towhoseunsufferingbedsidetheministerwassummoned.Hedweltinacottagebuiltintothewallofthechurch—yard;andthroughabull’s—eyepaneabovehisbedhecouldsee，ashelaydying，therankgrassesandtheuprightandrecumbentstones.Dr.Lauriewas，Ithink，aModerate：’tiscertain，atleast，thathetookaveryRomanviewofdeathbeddispositions;forhetoldtheoldmanthathehadlivedbeyondman’snaturalyears，thathislifehadbeeneasyandreputable，thathisfamilyhadallgrownupandbeenacredittohiscare，andthatitnowbehovedhimunregretfullytogirdhisloinsandfollowthemajority.Thegrave—diggerheardhimout;

thenheraisedhimselfupononeelbow，andwiththeotherhandpointedthroughthewindowtothesceneofhislife—longlabours.

\"Doctor，\"hesaid，\"Iha’elaidthreehunnerandfower—scoreinthatkirkyaird;anithadbeenHiswull，\"indicatingHeaven，\"I

wouldha’elikitweeltoha’emadeoutthefowerhunner.\"Butitwasnottobe;thistragedianofthefifthacthadnowanotherparttoplay;andthetimehadcomewhenothersweretogirdandcarryhim.

II

Iwouldfainstrikeanotethatshouldbemoreheroical;butthegroundofallyouth’ssuffering，solitude，hysteria，andhauntingofthegrave，isnothingelsethannaked，ignorantselfishness.Itishimselfthatheseesdead;thosearehisvirtuesthatareforgotten;hisisthevagueepitaph.Pityhimbutthemore，ifpitybeyourcue;forwhereamanisallpride，vanity，andpersonalaspiration，hegoesthroughfireunshielded.Ineverypartandcornerofourlife，toloseoneselfistobegainer;toforgetoneselfistobehappy;andthispoor，laughableandtragicfoolhasnotyetlearnedtherudiments;himself，giantPrometheus，isstillironedonthepeaksofCaucasus.Butby—and—byhistruantinterestswillleavethattorturedbody，slipabroadandgatherflowers.Thenshalldeathappearbeforehiminanalteredguise;

nolongerasadoompeculiartohimself，whetherfate’scrowninginjusticeorhisownlastvengeanceuponthosewhofailtovaluehim;butnowasapowerthatwoundshimfarmoretenderly，notwithoutsolemncompensations，takingandgiving，bereavingandyetstoringup.

Thefirststepforallistolearntothedregsourownignoblefallibility.Whenwehavefallenthroughstoreyafterstoreyofourvanityandaspiration，andsitruefulamongtheruins，thenitisthatwebegintomeasurethestatureofourfriends：howtheystandbetweenusandourowncontempt，believinginourbest;how，linkinguswithothers，andstillspreadingwidetheinfluentialcircle，theyweaveusinandinwiththefabricofcontemporarylife;andtowhatpettysizetheydwarfthevirtuesandthevicesthatappearedgiganticinouryouth.Sothatatthelast，whensuchapinfallsout—whentherevanishesintheleastbreathoftimeoneofthoserichmagazinesoflifeonwhichwedrewforoursupply—whenhewhohadfirstdawneduponusasafaceamongthefacesofthecity，and，stillgrowing，cametobulkonourregardwiththoseclearfeaturesofthelovedandlivingman，fallsinabreathtomemoryandshadow，therefallsalongwithhimawholewingofthepalaceofourlife.

III

OnesuchfaceInowremember;onesuchblanksomehalf—a—dozenofuslabourtodissemble.Inhisyouthhewasmostbeautifulinperson，mostsereneandgenialbydisposition;fullofracywordsandquaintthoughts.Laughterattendedonhiscoming.Hehadtheairofagreatgentleman，jovialandroyalwithhisequals，andtothepooreststudentgentleandattentive.Powerseemedtoresideinhimexhaustless;wesawhimstooptoplaywithus，butheldhimmarkedforhigherdestinies;welovedhisnotice;andIhaverarelyhadmypridemoregratifiedthanwhenhesatatmyfather’stable，myacknowledgedfriend.Sohewalkedamongus，bothhandsfullofgifts，carryingwithnonchalancetheseedsofamostinfluentiallife.

Thepowersandthegroundoffriendshipisamystery;but，lookingback，Icandiscernthat，inpart，welovedthethinghewas，forsomeshadowofwhathewastobe.Forwithallhisbeauty，power，breeding，urbanityandmirth，therewasinthosedayssomethingsoullessinourfriend.Hewouldastonishusbysallies，witty，innocentandinhumane;andbyamisappliedJohnsonianpleasantry，demolishhonestsentiment.Icanstillseeandhearhim，ashewenthiswayalongthelamplitstreets，LACIDAREMLAMANOonhislips，anoblefigureofayouth，butfollowingvanityandincredulousofgood;andsureenough，somewhereonthehighseasoflife，withhishealth，hishopes，hispatrimonyandhisself—

respect，miserablywentdown.

Fromthisdisaster，likeaspentswimmer，hecamedesperatelyashore，bankruptofmoneyandconsideration;creepingtothefamilyhehaddeserted;withbrokenwing，nevermoretorise.Butinhisfacetherewasalightofknowledgethatwasnewtoit.Ofthewoundsofhisbodyhewasneverhealed;diedofthemgradually，withclear—eyedresignation;ofhiswoundedpride，weknewonlyfromhissilence.Hereturnedtothatcitywherehehadlordeditinhisambitiousyouth;livedtherealone，seeingfew;strivingtoretrievetheirretrievable;attimesstillgrapplingwiththatmortalfrailtythathadbroughthimdown;stilljoyinginhisfriend’ssuccesses;hislaughstillreadybutwithkindliermusic;

andoverallhisthoughtstheshadowofthatunalterablelawwhichhehaddisavowedandwhichhadbroughthimlow.Lastly，whenhisbodilyevilshadquitedisabledhim，helayagreatwhiledying，stillwithoutcomplaint，stillfindinginterests;tohislaststepgentle，urbaneandwiththewilltosmile.