Beholdtheoriginalandprimitivenobilityofallthosegreatpersonswhoaretooproudnownotonlytotilltheground，butalmosttotreaduponit。Wemaytalkwhatwepleaseofliliesandlionsrampant，andspreadeaglesinfieldsd’orord’argent；butifheraldrywereguidedbyreason，aploughinafieldarablewouldbethemostnobleandancientarms。
AlltheseconsiderationsmakemefallintothewonderandcomplaintofColumella，howitshouldcometopassthatallartsorSciences（forthedispute，whichisanartandwhichisascience，doesnotbelongtothecuriosityofushusbandmen），metaphysic，physic，morality，mathematics，logic，rhetoric，etc。，whichareall，I
grant，goodandusefulfaculties，exceptonlymetaphysic，whichIdonotknowwhetheritbeanythingorno，butevenvaulting，fencing，dancing，attiring，cookery，carving，andsuchlikevanities，shouldallhavepublicschoolsandmasters；andyetthatweshouldneverseeorhearofanymanwhotookuponhimtheprofessionofteachingthissopleasant，sovirtuous，soprofitable，sohonourable，sonecessaryart。
Amanwouldthink，whenhe’sinserioushumour，thatitwerebutavain，irrational，andridiculousthingforagreatcompanyofmenandwomentorunupanddowninaroomtogether，inahundredseveralposturesandfigures，tonopurpose，andwithnodesign；andthereforedancingwasinventedfirst，andonlypractisedanciently，intheceremoniesoftheheathenreligion，whichconsistedallinmummeryandmadness；thelatterbeingthechiefgloryoftheworship，andaccounteddivineinspiration。This，Isay，aseveremanwouldthink，thoughIdarenotdeterminesofaragainstsocustomaryapartnowofgoodbreeding。Andyet，whoisthereamongourgentrythatdoesnotentertainadancingmasterforhischildrenassoonastheyareabletowalk？Butdideveranyfatherprovideatutorforhissontoinstructhimbetimesinthenatureandimprovementsofthatlandwhichheintendedtoleavehim？Thatisatleastasuperfluity，andthisadefectinourmannerofeducation；andthereforeIcouldwish，butcannotinthesetimesmuchhopetoseeit，thatonecollegeineachuniversitywereerected，andappropriatedtothisstudy，aswellastherearetomedicineandthecivillaw。Therewouldbenoneedofmakingabodyofscholarsandfellows，withcertainendowments，asinothercolleges；itwouldsufficeif，afterthemannerofHallsinOxford，therewereonlyfourprofessorsconstituted（foritwouldbetoomuchworkforonlyonemaster，orPrincipal，astheycallhimthere）
toteachthesefourpartsofit。First，aration，andallthingsrelatingtoit。Secondly，pasturage；thirdly，gardens，orchards，vineyards，andwoods；fourthly，allpartsofruraleconomy，whichwouldcontainthegovernmentofbees，swine，poultry，decoys，ponds，etc。，andallthatwhichVarrocallsVillaticasPastiones，togetherwiththesportsofthefield，whichoughtnottobelookedupononlyaspleasures，butaspartsofhousekeeping，andthedomesticalconservationandusesofallthatisbroughtinbyindustryabroad。
Thebusinessoftheseprofessorsshouldnotbe，asiscommonlypractisedinotherarts，onlytoreadpompousandsuperficiallecturesoutofVirgil’sGeorgics，Pliny，Varro，orColumella，buttoinstructtheirpupilsinthewholemethodandcourseofthisstudy，whichmightberunthroughperhapswithdiligenceinayearortwo；andthecontinualsuccessionofscholarsuponamoderatetaxationfortheirdiet，lodging，andlearning，wouldbeasufficientconstantrevenueformaintenanceofthehouseandtheprofessors，whoshouldbemennotchosenfortheostentationofcriticalliterature，butforsolidandexperimentalknowledgeofthethingstheyteachsuchmen；soindustriousandpublicspiritedasI
conceiveMr。Hartlibtobe，ifthegentlemanbeyetalive。Butitisneedlesstospeakfurtherofmythoughtsofthisdesign，unlessthepresentdispositionoftheageallowedmoreprobabilityofbringingitintoexecution。WhatIhavefurthertosayofthecountrylifeshallbeborrowedfromthepoets，whowerealwaysthemostfaithfulandaffectionatefriendstoit。Poetrywasbornamongtheshepherds。
NescioquanatalesolumdulcedinemusasDucit，etimmemoresnonsinitessesui。
TheMusesstilllovetheirownnativeplace，’Thassecretcharmswhichnothingcandeface。
Thetruthis，nootherplaceisproperfortheirwork。Onemightaswellundertaketodanceinacrowd，astomakegoodversesinthemidstofnoiseandtumult。
Aswellmightcornasverseincitiesgrow；
Invainthethanklessglebeweploughandsow，Againstth’unnaturalsoilinvainwestrive，’Tisnotagroundinwhichtheseplantswillthrive。
Itwillbearnothingbutthenettlesorthornsofsatire，whichgrowmostnaturallyintheworstearth；andthereforealmostallpoets，exceptthosewhowerenotabletoeatbreadwithoutthebountyofgreatmen，thatis，withoutwhattheycouldgetbyflatteringofthem，havenotonlywithdrawnthemselvesfromthevicesandvanitiesofthegrandworld（paritervitiisquejocisquealtiushumanisexeruerecaput）intotheinnocenthappinessofaretiredlife；buthavecommendedandadornednothingsomuchbytheirever—livingpoems。Hesiodwasthefirstorsecondpoetintheworldthatremainsyetextant（ifHomer，assomethink，precededhim，butI
ratherbelievetheywerecontemporaries），andheisthefirstwriter，too，oftheartofhusbandry。Hehascontributed，saysColumella，notalittletoourprofession；Isupposehemeansnotalittlehonour，forthematterofhisinstructionsisnotveryimportant。Hisgreatantiquityisvisiblethroughthegravityandsimplicityofhisstyle。Themostacuteofallhissayingsconcernsourpurposeverymuch，andiscouchedinthereverendobscurityofanoracle。[Greektextwhichcannotbereproduced]。Thehalfismorethanthewhole。Theoccasionofthespeechisthis：hisbrotherPerseshadbycorruptingsomegreatmen（[Greektextwhichcannotbereproduced]，greatbribe—eatershecallsthem）gottenfromhimthehalfofhisestate。Itisnomatter，sayshe，theyhavenotdonemesomuchprejudiceastheyimagine。
[Greektextwhichcannotbereproduced——translationbelow]
UnhappytheytowhomGodhasnotrevealedByastronglightwhichmusttheirsensecontrol，Thathalfagreatestate’smorethanthewhole。
Unhappy，fromwhomstillconcealeddoeslieOfrootsandherbsthewholesomeluxury。
ThisIconceivetohavebeenhonestHesiod’smeaning。FromHomerwemustnotexpectmuchconcerningouraffairs。Hewasblind，andcouldneitherworkinthecountrynorenjoythepleasuresofit；hishelplesspovertywaslikeliesttobesustainedintherichestplaces，hewastodelighttheGrecianswithfinetalesofthewarsandadventuresoftheirancestors；hissubjectremovedhimfromallcommercewithus，andyet，methinks，hemadeashifttoshowhisgoodwillalittle。ForthoughhecoulddousnohonourinthepersonofhisheroUlysses（muchlessofAchilles），becausehiswholetimewasconsumedinwarsandvoyages，yethemakeshisfatherLaertesagardenerallthatwhile，andseekinghisconsolationfortheabsenceofhissoninthepleasureofplantingandevendunginghisowngrounds。Yet，see，hedidnotcontemnuspeasants；nay，sofarwashefromthatinsolence，thathealwaysstylesEumaeus，whokeptthehogswithwonderfulrespect，[Greektextwhichcannotbereproduced]，thedivineswine—herd；hecouldhavedonenomoreforMenelausorAgamemnon。AndTheocritus（averyancientpoet，buthewasoneofourowntribe，forhewrotenothingbutpastorals）gavethesameepithettoahusbandman[Greektextwhichcannotbereproduced]。ThedivinehusbandmanrepliedtoHercules，whowasbut[Greektext]himself。ThesewerecivilGreeks，andwhounderstoodthedignityofourcalling。AmongtheRomans，wehaveinthefirstplaceourtrulydivineVirgil，who，thoughbythefavourofMaecenasandAugustushemighthavebeenoneofthechiefmenofRome，yetchoserathertoemploymuchofhistimeintheexercise，andmuchofhisimmortalwitinthepraiseandinstructionsofarusticlife；
who，thoughhehadwrittenbeforewholebooksofPastoralsandGeorgics，couldnotabstaininhisgreatandimperialpoemfromdescribingEvander，oneofhisbestprinces，aslivingjustafterthehomelymannerofanordinarycountryman。Heseatshiminathroneofmaple，andlayshimbutuponabear’sskin，thekineandoxenarelowinginhiscourtyard，thebirds’undertheeavesofhiswindowcallhimupinthemorning；andwhenhegoesabroadonlytwodogsgoalong，withhimforhisguard。Atlast，whenhebringsAEneasintohisroyalcottage，hemakeshimsaythismemorablecompliment，greaterthaneveryetwasspokenattheEscurial，theLouvre，orourWhitehall。
Haec，inquit，liminavictorAlcidessubiit，haecillumRegiacepit，Aude，Hospes，contemnereopes，ettequoquedignumFingeDeo，rebusqueveninonasperegenis。
Thishumbleroof，thisrusticcourt，saidhe，ReceivedAlcidescrownedwithvictory。
Scornnot，greatguest，thestepswherehehastrod，Butcontemnwealth，andimitateagod。
Thenextmanwhomwearemuchobligedto，bothforhisdoctrineandexample，isthenextbestpoetintheworldtoVirgil：hisdearfriendHorace，who，whenAugustushaddesiredMecaenastopersuadehimtocomeandlivedomesticallyandatthesametablewithhim，andtobeSecretaryofStateofthewholeworldunderhim，orratherjointlywithhim（forhesays，\"utnosinEpistolisscribendisadjuvet，\"）couldnotbetemptedtoforsakehisSabineorTiburtineManor，forsorichandsogloriousatrouble。Therewasnever，I
think，suchanexampleasthisintheworld，thatheshouldhavesomuchmoderationandcourageastorefuseanofferofsuchgreatness，andtheEmperorsomuchgenerosityandgoodnatureasnottobeatalloffendedwithhisrefusal，buttoretainstillthesamekindness，andexpressitoftentohiminmostfriendlyandfamiliarletters，partofwhicharestillextant。IfIshouldproduceallthepassagesofthisexcellentauthorupontheseveralsubjectswhichItreatofinthisbook，Imustbeobligedtotranslatehalfhisworks；ofwhichImaysaymoretrulythan，inmyopinion，hedidofHomer，\"Quiquidsitpulchrum，quidturpe，quidutile，quidnon，plenius，etmeliusChrysippo，etCrantoredicit。\"Ishallcontentmyselfuponthisparticularthemewiththreeonly，oneoutofhisOdes，theotheroutofhisSatires，thethirdoutofhisEpistles，andshallforbeartocollectthesuffragesofallotherpoets，whichmaybefoundscatteredupanddownthroughalltheirwritings，andespeciallyinMartial’s。ButImustnotomittomakesomeexcusefortheboldundertakingofmyownunskilfulpenciluponthebeautiesofafacethathasbeendrawnbeforebysomanygreatmasters，especiallythatIshoulddaretodoitinLatinverses（thoughofanotherkind）andhavetheconfidencetotranslatethem。
IcanonlysaythatIlovethematter，andthatoughttocover，manyfaults；andthatIrunnottocontendwiththosebeforeme，butfollowtoapplaudthem。
VIRG。GEORG。—
Ofortunatusnimium，etc。
ATRANSLATIONOUTOFVIRGIL
Ohhappy（ifhishappinessheknows）
Thecountryswain，onwhomkindHeavenbestowsAthomeallrichesthatwiseNatureneeds；
Whomthejustearthwitheasyplentyfeeds。
’Tistrue，nomorningtideofclientscomes，Andfillsthepaintedchannelsofhisrooms，Adoringtherichfigures，astheypass，Intapestrywrought，orcutinlivingbrass；
NorishiswoolsuperfluouslydyedWiththedearpoisonofAssyrianpride：
NordoArabianperfumesvainlyspoilThenativeuseandsweetnessofhisoil。
Insteadofthese，hiscalmandharmlesslife，Freefromth’alarmsoffear，andstormsofstrife，Doeswithsubstantialblessednessabound，Andthesoftwingsofpeacecoverhimround：
Throughartlessgrotsthemurmuringwatersglide；
Thicktreesbothagainstheatandcoldprovide，Fromwhencethebirdssalutehim；andhisgroundWithlowingherds，andbleatingsheepdoessound；
Andalltherivers，andtheforestsnigh，Bothfoodandgameandexercisesupply。
Hereawell—hardened，activeyouthwesee，Taughtthegreatartofcheerfulpoverty。
Here，inthisplacealone，therestilldoshineSomestreaksoflove，bothhumananddivine；
FromhenceAstraeatookherflight，andhereStillherlastfootstepsuponearthappear。
’Tistrue，thefirstdesirewhichdoescontrolAlltheinferiorwheelsthatmovemysoul，Is，thattheMusemeherhighpriestwouldmake；
Intoherholiestscenesofmysterytake，Andopentheretomymind’spurgedeyeThosewonderswhichtosensethegodsdeny；
HowinthemoonsuchchanceofshapesisfoundThemoon，thechangingworld’seternalbound。
Whatshakesthesolidearth，whatstrongdiseaseDarestroublethefirmcentre’sancientease；
Whatmakesthesearetreat，andwhatadvance：
Varietiestooregularforchance。
Whatdrivesthechariotonofwinter’slight，Andstopsthelazywaggonofthenight。
ButifmydullandfrozenblooddenyTosendforthspiritsthatraiseasoulsohigh；
Inthenextplace，letwoodsandriversbeMyquiet，thoughunglorious，destiny。
Inlife’scoolvaleletmylowscenebelaid；
Coverme，gods，withTempe’sthickestshadeHappytheman，Igrant，thricehappyheWhocanthroughgrosseffectstheircausessee：
Whosecouragefromthedeepsofknowledgesprings。
Norvainlyfearsinevitablethings；
Butdoeshiswalkofvirtuecalmlygo，Throughallth’alarmsofdeathandhellbelow。
Happy!butnextsuchconquerors，happythey，Whosehumblelifeliesnotinfortune’sway。
TheyunconcernedfromtheirsafedistantseatBeholdtherodsandsceptresofthegreat。
Thequarrelsofthemighty，withoutfear，Andthedescentofforeigntroopstheyhear。
NorcanevenRometheirsteadycoursemisguide，Withallthelustreofherperishingpride。
ThemneveryetdidstrifeoravaricedrawIntothenoisymarketsofthelaw，Thecampsofgownedwar，nordotheyliveByrulesorformsthatmanymadmengive，Dutyfornature’sbountytheyrepay，Andhersolelawsreligiouslyobey。
Somewithboldlabourploughthefaithlessmain；
Somerougherstormsinprinces’courtssustain。
Someswelluptheirslightsailswithpopularfame，Charmedwiththefoolishwhistlingsofaname。
Sometheirvainwealthtoearthagaincommit；
Withendlesscaressomebroodingo’eritsit。
Countryandfriendsarebysomewretchessold，TolieonTyrianbedsanddrinkingold；
Nopricetoohighforprofitcanbeshown；
Notbrother’sblood，norhazardsoftheirown。
Aroundtheworldinsearchofittheyroam；
Itmakese’entheirAntipodestheirhome。
Meanwhile，theprudenthusbandmanisfoundInmutualdutiesstrivingwithhisground；
AndhalftheyearhecareofthatdoestakeThathalftheyeargratefulreturnsdoesmakeEachfertilemonthdoessomenewgiftspresent，Andwithnewworkhisindustrycontent：
Thistheyounglamb，thatthesoftfleecedothyield，Thisloadswithhay，andthatwithcornthefield：
Allsortsoffruitcrowntherichautumn’spride：
Andonaswellinghill’swarmstonyside，Thepowerfulprincelypurpleofthevine，Twicedyedwiththeredoubledsun，doesshine。
Inth’eveningtoafairensuingday，Withjoyheseeshisflocksandkidstoplay，Andloadedkineabouthiscottagestand，Invitingwithknownsoundthemilker’shand；
Andwhenfromwholesomelabourhedothcome，Withwishestobethere，andwishedforhome，Hemeetsatdoorthesoftesthumanblisses，Hischastewife’swelcome，anddearchildren’skisses。
WhenanyruralholydaysinviteHisgeniusforthtoinnocentdelight，Onearth’sfairbedbeneathsomesacredshade，Amidsthisequalfriendscarelesslylaid，Hesingsthee，Bacchus，patronofthevine，Thebeechenbowlfoamswithafloodofwine，Nottothelossofreasonorofstrength。
ToactivegamesandmanlysportatlengthTheirmirthascends，andwithfilledveinstheysee，Whocanthebestatbettertrialsbe。
SuchwasthelifetheprudentSabinechose，FromsuchtheoldEtrurianvirtuerose。
Such，Remusandthegodhisbrotherled，FromsuchfirmfootingRomegrewtheworld’shead。
SuchwasthelifethateventillnowdoesraiseThehonourofpoorSaturn’sgoldendays：
Beforemenbornofearthandburiedthere，Letintheseatheirmortalfatetoshare，Beforenewwaysofperishingweresought，Beforeunskilfuldeathonanvilswrought。
Beforethosebeastswhichhumanlifesustain，Bymen，unlesstothegods’use，wereslain。
HORAT。EPODON。
Beatusillequiprocul，etc。
HappytimemanwhombounteousgodsallowWithhisownhandpaternalgroundstoplough!
Likethefirstgoldenmortals，happyhe，Frombusinessandthecaresofmoneyfree!
Nohumanstormsbreakoffatlandhissleep，Noloudalarmsofnatureonthedeep。
Fromallthecheatsoflawhelivessecure，Nordoesth’affrontsofpalacesendure。
SometimesthebeauteousmarriageablevineHetothelustybridegroomelmdoesjoin；
Sometimeshelopsthebarrentreesaround，Andgraftsnewlifeintothefruitfulwound；
Sometimesheshearshisflock，andsometimesheStoresupthegoldentreasuresofthebee。
Heseeshislowingherdswalko’ertheplain，Whilstneighbouringhillslowbacktothemagain。
Andwhentheseason，richaswellasgay，Allherautumnalbountydoesdisplay，Howishepleas’dth’increasingusetoseeOfhiswelltrustedlaboursbendthetree；
Ofwhichlargeshares，onthegladsacreddays，Hegivestofriends，andtothegodsrepays。
Withhowmuchjoydoeshe，beneathsomeshadeByagedtrees，reverendembracesmade，Hiscarelessheadonthefreshgreenrecline，Hisheadunchargedwithfearorwithdesign。
Byhimariverconstantlycomplains，Thebirdsaboverejoicewithvariousstrains，AndinthesolemnscenetheirorgieskeepLikedreamsmixedwiththegravityofsleep，Sleepwhichdoesalwaysthereforentrancewait，Andnoughtwithinagainstitshutsthegate。
Nordoestheroughestseasonofthesky，OrsullenJove，allsportstohimdeny。
Herunsthemazesofthenimblehare，Hiswell—moutheddogs’gladconcertrendstheair，Orwithgamebolder，andrewardedmore，Hedrivesintoatoilthefoamingboar；
Herefliesthehawktoassault，andtherethenetTointerceptthetravellingfowlisset；
Andallhismalice，allhiscraftisshownIninnocentwars，onbeastsandbirdsalone。
Thisisthelifefromallmisfortunefree，Fromthee，thegreatone，tyrantlove，fromthee；
Andifachasteandcleanthoughhomelywife，Beaddedtotheblessingsofthislife，—
Suchastheancientsun—burntSabineswere，SuchasApulia，frugalstill，doesbear，—
WhomakesherchildrenandthehousehercareAndjoyfullytheworkoflifedoesshare；
NorthinksherselftoonobleortoofineTopinthesheepfoldortomilkthekine；
WhowaitsatdooragainstherhusbandcomeFromruralduties，late，andweariedhome，Whereshereceiveshimwithakindembrace，Acheerfulfire，andamorecheerfulface：
Andfillsthebowluptoherhomelylord，Andwithdomesticplentyloadtheboard。
Notallthelustfulshell—fishofthesea，Dressedbythewantonhandofluxury，NorortolansnorgodwitsnortherestOfcostlynamesthatglorifyafeast，AreattheprincelytablesbettercheerThanlambandkid，lettuceandolives，here。
THECOUNTRYMOUSE。
AParaphraseuponHorace，IIBook，Satirevi。
Atthelargefootofafairhollowtree，Closetoploughedground，seatedcommodiously，Hisancientandhereditaryhouse，Theredweltagoodsubstantialcountrymouse：
Frugal，andgrave，andcarefulofthemain，YetonewhooncedidnoblyentertainAcitymouse，wellcoated，sleek，andgay，Amouseofhighdegree，whichlosthisway，Wantonlywalkingforthtotaketheair，Andarrivedearly，andalightedthere，Foraday’slodging。Thegoodheartyhost（Theancientplentyofhishalltoboast）
Didallthestoresproducethatmightexcite，Withvarioustastes，thecourtier’sappetite。
Fitchesandbeans，peason，andoats，andwheat，Andalargechestnut，thedeliciousmeatWhichJovehimself，wereheamouse，wouldeat。
AndforahautgousttherewasmixedwiththeseTheswerdofbacon，andthecoatofcheese，Thepreciousrelics，whichatharvestheHadgatheredfromthereapers’luxury。
\"Freely，\"saidhe，\"fallon，andneverspare，Thebounteousgodswillforto—morrowcare。\"
Andthusateaseonbedsofstrawtheylay，Andtotheirgeniussacrificedtheday。
Yettheniceguest’sepicureanmind（Thoughbreedingmadehimcivilseem，andkind）
Despisedthiscountryfeast，andstillhisthoughtUponthecakesandpiesofLondonwrought。
\"Yourbountyandcivility，\"saidhe，\"WhichI’msurprisedintheserudepartstosee，ShowthatthegodshavegivenyouamindToonobleforthefatewhichhereyoufind。
Whyshouldasoul，sovirtuousandsogreat，Loseitselfthusinanobscureretreat？
Letsavagebeastslodgeinacountryden，Youshouldseetowns，andmannersknow，andmen；
Andtastethegenerousluxuryofthecourt，Whereallthemiceofqualityresort；
Wherethousandbeauteousshesaboutyoumove，Andbyhighfarearepliantmadetolove。
Weallerelongmustrenderupourbreath，Nocaveorholecanshelterusfromdeath。
Sincelifeissouncertainandsoshort，Let’sspenditallinfeastingandinsport。
Come，worthysir，comewithme，andpartakeAllthegreatthingsthatmortalshappymake。\"
Alas，whatvirtuehathsufficientarmsToopposebrighthonourandsoftpleasure’scharms？
Whatwisdomcantheirmagicforcerepel？
Itdrawsthereverendhermitfromhiscell。
Itwasthetime，whenwittypoetstell，ThatPhoebusintoThetis’bosomfell：
Sheblushedatfirst，andthenputoutthelight，Anddrewthemodestcurtainsofthenight。
Plainlythetruthtotell，thesunwasset，Whentothetownourweariedtravellersget。
Toalord’shouse，aslordlyascanbe，Madefortheuseofprideandluxury，Theysome；thegentlecourtieratthedoorStops，andwillhardlyenterinbefore；—
But’tis，sir，yourcommand，andbeingso，I’mswornt’obedience——andsointheygo。
Behindahanginginaspaciousroom（TherichestworkofMortlake’snobleloom）
Theywaitawhiletheirweariedlimbstorest，Tillsilenceshouldinvitethemtotheirfeast，AboutthehourthatCynthia’ssilverlightHadtouchedthepalemeridiesofthenight，Atlast，thevarioussupperbeingdone，IthappenedthatthecompanywasgoneIntoaroomremote，servantsandall，Topleasetheirnoblefancieswithaball。
Ourhostleadsforthhisstranger，anddoesfindAllfittedtothebountiesofhismind。
Stillonthetablehalf—filleddishesstood，Andwithdeliciousbitsthefloorwasstrewed；
Thecourteousmousepresentshimwiththebest，Andbothwithfatvarietiesareblest。
Theindustriouspeasanteverywheredoesrange，Andthanksthegodsforhislife’shappychange。
Lo，inthemidstofawell—freightedpieTheybothatlastgluttedandwantonlie，Whenseethesadreverseofprosperousfate，Andwhatfiercestormsonmortalglorieswait!
Withhideousnoise，downtherudeservantscome，Sixdogsbeforerunbarkingintoth’room；
Thewretchedgluttonsflywithwildaffright，Andhatethefulnesswhichretardstheirflight。
Ourtremblingpeasantwishesnowinvain。
Thatrocksandmountainscoveredhimagain。
Oh，howthechangeofhispoorlife，hecursed!
\"This，ofalllives，\"saidhe，\"issuretheworst。
Givemeagain，yegods，mycaveandwood；
Withpeace，lettaresandacornsbemyfood。\"
AParaphraseupontheEightiethEpistleoftheFirstBookofHorace。
HORACETOFUSCUSARISTIUS。
Health，fromtheloverofthecountry，me，Health，totheloverofthecity，thee，Adifferenceinoursouls，thisonlyproves，Inallthingselse，weagreelikemarrieddoves。
ButthewarmnestandcrowdeddovehousethouDostlike；Ilooselyflyfromboughtobough；
Andriversdrink，andalltheshiningday，UponfairtreesormossyrocksIplay；
Infine，IliveandreignwhenIretireFromallthatyouequalwithheavenadmire。
Likeoneatlastfromthepriest’sservicefled，Loathingthehoniedcakes，Ilongforbread。
WouldIahouseforhappinesserect，Naturealoneshouldbethearchitect。
She’dbuilditmoreconvenientthangreat，Anddoubtlessinthecountrychooseherseat。
IsthereaplacedothbetterhelpssupplyAgainstthewoundsofwinter’scruelty？
IsthereanairthatgentlerdoesassuageThemadcelestialdog’sorlion’srage？
Isitnottherethatsleep（andonlythere）
Nornoisewithout，norcareswithindoesfear？
DoesartthroughpipesapurerwaterbringThanthatwhichnaturestrainsintoaspring？
Canallyourtapestries，oryourpictures，showMorebeautiesthaninherbsandflowersdogrow？
Fountainsandtreesourweariedpridedoplease，Eveninthemidstofgildedpalaces。
AndinyourtownsthatprospectgivesdelightWhichopensroundthecountrytooursight。
Mentothegood，fromwhichtheyrashlyfly，Returnatlast，andtheirwildluxuryDoesbutinvainwiththosetruejoyscontendWhichnaturedidtomankindrecommend。
Themanwhochangesgoldforburnishedbrass，Orsmallrightgemsforlargeronesofglass，Isnot，atlength，morecertaintobemadeRidiculousandwretchedbythetrade，ThanhewhosellsasolidgoodtobuyThepaintedgoodsofprideandvanity。
Ifthoubewise，nogloriousfortunechoose，Which’tisbutpaintokeep，yetgrieftolose。
Forwhenweplaceeventriflesintheheart，Withtriflestoounwillinglywepart。
Anhumbleroof，plainbed，andhomelyboard，Moreclear，untaintedpleasuresdoaffordThanallthetumultofvaingreatnessbringsTokings，ortothefavouritesofkings。
Thehorneddeer，bynaturearmedsowell，Didwiththehorseincommonpasturedwell；
Andwhentheyfought，thefielditalwayswon，Tilltheambitioushorsebeggedhelpofman，Andtookthebridle，andthenceforthdidreignBravelyalone，aslordofalltheplain：
ButneveraftercouldtheridergetFromoffhisback，orfromhismouththebit。
Sothey，whopovertytoomuchdofear，Toavoidthatweight，agreaterburdenbear；
Thattheymightpowerabovetheirequalshave，Tocruelmasterstheythemselvesenslave。
Forgold，theirlibertyexchangedwesee，Thatfairestflowerwhichcrownshumanity。
Andallthismischiefdoesuponthemlight，OnlybecausetheyknownothowarightThatgreat，butsecret，happinesstoprize，That’slaidupinalittle，forthewise：
ThatisthebestandeasiestestateWhichtoamansitsclose，butnottoostrait。
’Tislikeashoe：itpinches，anditburns，Toonarrow；andtoolargeitoverturns。
Mydearestfriend，stopthydesiresatlast，Andcheerfullyenjoythewealththouhast。
And，ifmestillseekingformoreyousee，Chideandreproach，despiseandlaughatme。
Moneywasmade，nottocommandourwill，Butallourlawfulpleasurestofulfil。
Shameandwoetous，ifweourwealthobey；
Thehorsedothwiththehorsemanrunaway。
THECOUNTRYLIFE。
Libr。4，Plantarum。
Blestbetheman（andblestheis）whome’er（Placedfaroutoftheroadsofhopeorfear）
Alittlefieldandlittlegardenfeeds；
Thefieldgivesallthatfrugalnatureneeds，ThewealthygardenliberallybestowsAllshecanask，whensheluxuriousgrows。
Thespeciousinconveniences，thatwaitUponalifeofbusinessandofstate，Hesees（nordoesthesightdisturbhisrest）
Byfoolsdesired，bywickedmenpossessed。
Thus，thus（andthisdeservedgreatVirgil’spraise）
TheoldCorycianyeomanpassedhisdays，ThushiswiselifeAbdolonymusspent：
TheambassadorswhichthegreatemperorsentToofferhimacrown，withwonderfoundThereverendgardenerhoeingofhisground；
Unwillinglyandslow，anddiscontent，Fromhislovedcottagetoathronehewent。
Andofthestoppedinhistriumphantway，Andoftlookedback，andoftwasheardtosay，Notwithoutsighs，\"Alas!IthereforsakeAhappierkingdomthanIgototake。\"
ThusAglaus（amanunknowntomen，Butthegodsknew，andthereforelovedhimthen）
Thuslivedobscurelythenwithoutaname，Aglaus，nowconsignedtoeternalfame。
ForGyges，therichking，wickedandgreat，PresumedatwiseApollo’sDelphicseat，Presumedtoask，\"Othou，thewholeworld’seye，SeestthouamanthathappieristhanI？\"
Thegod，whoscornedtoflatterman，replied，\"Aglaushappieris。\"ButGygescried，Inaproudrage，\"WhocanthatAglausbe？
Wehaveheardasyetofnosuchkingashe。\"
Andtrueitwas，throughthewholeeartharoundNokingofsuchanamewastobefound。
\"Issomeoldheroofthatnamealive，Whohishighracedoesfromthegodsderive？
IsitsomemightygeneralthathasdoneWondersinfight，andgod—likehonourswon？
Isitsomemanofendlesswealth？\"saidhe；
\"None，noneofthese：whocanthisAglausbe？\"
Afterlongsearch，andvaininquiriespassed，InanobscureArcadianvaleatlast（TheArcadianlifehasalwaysshadybeen）
NearSopho’stown（whichhebutoncehadseen）
ThisAglaus，whomonarchs’envydrew，Whosehappinessthegodsstoodwitnessto，ThismightyAglauswaslabouringfound，Withhisownhands，inhisownlittleground。
So，graciousGod（ifitmaylawfulbe，AmongthosefoolishgodstomentionThee），Soletmeact，onsuchaprivatestage，Thelastdullscenesofmydecliningage；
Afterlongtoilsandvoyagesinvain，Thisquietportletmytossedvesselgain；
Ofheavenlyrestthisearnesttomelend，Letmylifesleep，andlearntoloveherend。
THEGARDEN
ToJ。Evelyn，Esquire。
Ineverhadanyotherdesiresostrong，andsoliketocovetousness，asthatonewhichIhavehadalways，thatImightbemasteratlastofasmallhouseandlargegarden，withverymoderateconveniencesjoinedtothem，andtherededicatetheremainderofmylifeonlytothecultureofthemandthestudyofnature。
Andthere（withnodesignbeyondmywall）wholeandentiretolie，Innounactiveease，andnoungloriouspoverty。
Or，asVirgilhassaid，shorterandbetterforme，thatImighttherestudiisflorereignobilisotii，thoughIcouldwishthathehadrathersaidNobilisotiiwhenhespokeofhisown。Butseveralaccidentsofmyillfortunehavedisappointedmehitherto，anddostill，ofthatfelicity；forthoughIhavemadethefirstandhardeststeptoit，byabandoningallambitionsandhopesinthisworld，andbyretiringfromthenoiseofallbusinessandalmostcompany，yetIstickstillintheinnofahiredhouseandgarden，amongweedsandrubbish，andwithoutthatpleasantestworkofhumanindustry——theimprovementofsomethingwhichwecall（notveryproperly，butyetwecall）ourown。IamgoneoutfromSodom，butI
amnotarrivedatmylittleZoar。\"Oh，letmeescapethither（isitnotalittleone!），andmysoulshalllive。\"Idonotlookbackyet；butIhavebeenforcedtostopandmaketoomanyhalts。Youmaywonder，sir（forthisseemsalittletooextravagantandPindaricalforprose）whatImeanbyallthispreface。Itistoletyouknow，thatthoughIhavemissed，likeachemist，mygreatend，yetIaccountmyafflictionsandendeavourswellrewardedbysomethingthatIhavemetwithby—the—by，whichis，thattheyhaveproducedtomesomepartinyourkindnessandesteem；andtherebythehonourofhavingmynamesoadvantageouslyrecommendedtoposteritybytheepistleyouarepleasedtoprefixtothemostusefulbookthathasbeenwritteninthatkind，andwhichistolastaslongasmonthsandyears。
Amongmanyotherartsandexcellencieswhichyouenjoy，Iamgladtofindthisfavouriteofminethemostpredominant，thatyouchoosethisforyourwife，thoughyouhavehundredsofotherartsforyourconcubines；thoughyouknowthem，andbegetsonsuponthemall（towhichyouarerichenoughtoallowgreatlegacies），yettheissueofthisseemstobedesignedbyyoutothemainoftheestate；youhavetakenmostpleasureinit，andbestowedmostchargesuponitseducation，andIdoubtnottoseethatbookwhichyouarepleasedtopromisetotheworld，andofwhichyouhavegivenusalargeearnestinyourcalendar，asaccomplishedasanythingcanbeexpectedfromanextraordinarywitandnoordinaryexpensesandalongexperience。
Iknownobodythatpossessesmoreprivatehappinessthanyoudoinyourgarden，andyetnomanwhomakeshishappinessmorepublicbyafreecommunicationoftheartandknowledgeofittoothers。AllthatImyselfamableyettodoisonlytorecommendtomankindthesearchofthatfelicitywhichyouinstructthemhowtofindandtoenjoy。
I。
HappyartthouwhomGoddoesblessWiththefullchoiceofthineownhappiness；
Andhappieryet，becausethou’rtblessedWithprudencehowtochoosethebest。
Inbooksandgardensthouhastplacedaright，—
Thingswhichthouwelldostunderstand，Andbothdostmakewiththylaborioushand—
Thynoble，innocentdelight，Andinthyvirtuouswife，wherethouagaindostmeetBothpleasuresmorerefinedandsweet：
Thefairestgardeninherlooks，Andinhermindthewisestbooks。
Oh!whowouldchangethesesoft，yetsolidjoys，Foremptyshowsandsenselessnoise，Andallwhichrankambitionbreeds，Whichseemsuchbeauteousflowers，andaresuchpoisonousweeds!
II。
WhenGoddidmantohisownlikenessmake，Asmuchasclay，thoughofthepurestkindBytheGreatPotter’sartrefined，CouldtheDivineimpressiontake，HethoughtitfittoplacehimwhereAkindofheaven，too，didappear，Asfarasearthcouldsuchalikenessbear。
ThatMannohappinessmightwant，Whichearthtoherfirstmastercouldafford，HedidagardenforhimplantBythequickhandofhisomnipotentword，Asthechiefhelpandjoyofhumanlife，Hegavehimthefirstgift；first，even，beforeawife。
III。
ForGod，theuniversalarchitect，’ThadbeenaseasytoerectALouvre，orEscurial，oratowerThatmightwithheavencommunicationhold，AsBabelvainlythoughttodoofold。
Hewantednottheskillorpower，Intheworld’sfabricthosewereshown，Andthematerialswereallhisown。
ButwellheknewwhatplacewouldbestagreeWithinnocenceandwithfelicity；
Andweelsewherestillseekfortheminvain。
Ifanypartofeitheryetremain，Ifanypartofeitherweexpect，Thismayourjudgmentinthesearchdirect；
Godthefirstgardenmade，andthefirstcity，Cain。
IV。
Oh，blessedshades!Oh，gentle，coolretreatFromalltheimmoderateheat，Inwhichthefranticworlddoesburnandsweat!
Thisdoesthelion—star，Ambition’srage；
ThisAvarice，thedog—star’sthirstassuage；
Everywhereelsetheirfatalpowerwesee，Theymakeandruleman’swretcheddestiny；
Theyneithersetnordisappear，Buttyranniseo’eralltheyear；
Whilstwene’erfeeltheirflameorinfluencehere。
Thebirdsthatdancefromboughtobough，Andsingaboveineverytree，Arenotfromfearsandcaresmorefree，Thanwewholie，orsit，orwalkbelow，Andshouldbyrightbesingerstoo。
Whatprince’schoirofmusiccanexcelThatwhichwithinthisshadedoesdwell，Towhichwenothingpayorgive—
They，likeallotherpoets，liveWithoutrewardorthanksfortheirobligingpains。
’Tiswelliftheybecomenotprey。
Thewhistlingwindsaddtheirlessartfulstrains，Andagravebasethemurmuringfountainsplay。
Naturedoesallthisharmonybestow；
Buttoourplants，art’smusictoo，Thepipe，theorbo，andguitarweowe；
Theluteitself，whichoncewasgreenandmute，WhenOrpheusstrucktheinspiredlute，Thetreesdancedround，andunderstoodBysympathythevoiceofwood。
V。
Thesearethespellsthattokindsleepinvite，Andnothingdoeswithinresistancemake；
Whichyetwemoderatelytake；
Whowouldnotchoosetobeawake，Whilehe’sencompassedroundwithsuchdelight；
Totheear，thenose，thetouch，thetasteandsight？
WhenVenuswouldherdearAscaniuskeepAprisonerinthedownybandsofsleep，Sheodorousherbsandflowersbeneathhimspread，Asthemostsoftandsweetestbed；
Notherownlapwouldmorehavecharmedhishead。
WhothathasreasonandhissmellWouldnotamongrosesandjasminedwell，Ratherthanallhisspiritschoke，Withexhalationsofdirtandsmoke，AndalltheuncleannesswhichdoesdrownInpestilentialcloudsapopuloustown？
Theearthitselfbreathesbetterperfumeshere，Thanallthefemalemenorwomenthere，Notwithoutcause，aboutthembear。
VI。
WhenEpicurustotheworldhadtaughtThatpleasurewasthechiefestgood，（Andwasperhapsi’th’right，ifrightlyunderstood）
Hislifehetohisdoctrinebrought，Andinagarden’sshadethatsovereignpleasuresought。
Whoeveratrueepicurewouldbe，Maytherefindcheapandvirtuousluxury。
Vitelliushistable，whichdidholdAsmanycreaturesastheArkofold，Thatfiscaltable，towhicheverydayAllcountriesdidaconstanttributepay，CouldnothingmoredeliciousaffordThanNature’sliberality，Helpedwithalittleartandindustry，Allowsthemeanestgardener’sboard。
ThewantontastenofishorfowlcanchooseForwhichthegrapeormelonshewouldlose，ThoughalltheinhabitantsofseaandairBelistedintheglutton’sbilloffare；
YetstillthefruitsofearthweseePlacedthethirdstoreyhighinallherluxury。
VII。
Butwithnosensethegardendoescomply，Nonecourtsorflatters，asitdoestheeye；
WhenthegreatHebrewkingdidalmoststrainThewondroustreasuresofhiswealthandbrainHisroyalsouthernguesttoentertain，Though，sheonsilverfloorsdidtread，WithbrightAssyriancarpetsonthemspreadTohidethemetal’spoverty；
Thoughshelookeduptoroofsofgold，AndnoughtaroundhercouldbeholdButsilkandrichembroidery，AndBabyloniantapestry，AndwealthyHiram’sprincelydye：
ThoughOphir’sstarrystonesmeteverywherehereye；
ThoughsheherselfandhergayhostweredressedWithalltheshininggloriesoftheEast；
Whenlavisharthercostlyworkhaddone；
ThehonourandtheprizeofbraveryWasbytheGardenfromthePalacewon；
AndeveryroseandlilytheredidstandBetterattiredbyNature’shand：
Thecasethusjudgedagainstthekingwesee，Byonethatwouldnotbesorich，thoughwiserfarthanhe。
VIII。
NordoesthishappyplaceonlydispenseSuchvariouspleasurestothesense：
Herehealthitselfdoeslive，Thatsaltoflife，whichdoestoallarelishgive，Itsstandingpleasure，andintrinsicwealth，Thebody’svirtue，andthesoul’sgoodfortune，health。
Thetreelife，whenitinEdenstood，Diditsimmortalheadtoheavenrear；
Itlastedatallcedartilltheflood；
Nowasmallthornyshrubitdoesappear；
Norwillitthrivetooeverywhere：
Italwayshereisfreshestseen，’Tisonlyhereanevergreen。
IfthroughthestrongandbeauteousfenceOftemperanceandinnocence，Andwholesomelaboursandaquietmind，Anydiseasespassagefind，TheymustnotthinkheretoassailAlandunarmed，orwithoutaguard；
Theymustfightforit，anddisputeithard，Beforetheycanprevail。
ScarceanyplantisgrowinghereWhichagainstdeathsomeweapondoesnotbear，LetcitiesboastthattheyprovideForlifetheornamentsofpride；
But’tisthecountryandthefieldThatfurnishitwithstaffandshield。
IX。
WheredoesthewisdomandthepowerdivineInamorebrightandsweetreflectionshine？
WheredowefinerstrokesandcoloursseeOftheCreator’srealpoetry，ThanwhenwewithattentionlookUponthethirdday’svolumeofthebook？
Ifwecouldopenandintendoureye，WealllikeMosesshouldespyEveninabushtheradiantDeity。
ButwedespisethesehisinferiorwaysThoughnolessfullofmiracleandpraise；
Upontheflowersofheavenwegaze，Thestarsofearthnowonderinusraise，ThoughtheseperhapsdomorethantheyThelifeofmankindsway。
AlthoughnopartofmightyNaturebeMorestoredwithbeauty，power，andmystery，Yettoencouragehumanindustry，GodhassoorderedthatnootherpartSuchspaceandsuchdominionleavesforart。
X。
Wenowhereartdosotriumphantsee，Aswhenitgraftsorbudsthetree；
Inotherthingswecountittoexcel，IfitadocilescholarcanappearToNature，andbutimitateherwell：
Itover—rules，andishermasterhere。
ItimitatesherMaker’spowerdivine，Andchangeshersometimes，andsometimesdoesrefine：
Itdoes，likegrace，thefallen—treerestoreToitsbleststateofParadisebefore：
WhowouldnotjoytoseehisconqueringhandO’erallthevegetableworldcommand，AndthewildgiantsofthewoodreceiveWhatlawshe’spleasedtogive？
Hebidstheill—naturedcrabproduceThegentlerapple’swinyjuice，Thegoldenfruitthatworthyis，OfGalatea’spurplekiss；
HedoesthesavagehawthornteachTobearthemedlarandthepear；
HebidstherusticplumtorearAnobletrunk，andbeapeach。
EvenDaphne’scoynesshedoesmock，Andwedsthecherrytoherstock，ThoughsherefusedApollo’ssuit，Evenshe，thatchasteandvirgintree，NowwondersatherselftoseeThatshe’samothermade，andblushesinherfruit。
XI。
MethinksIseegreatDiocletianwalkIntheSaloniangarden’snobleshade，Whichbyhisownimperialhandswasmade：
Iseehimsmile，methinks，ashedoestalkWiththeambassadors，whocomeinvain，Toenticehimtoathroneagain。
\"IfI，myfriends，\"saidhe，\"shouldtoyoushowAllthedelightswhichinthesegardensgrow；
’Tislikeliermuchthatyoushouldwithmestay，Than’tisthatyoushouldcarrymeaway；
Andtrustmenot，myfriends，ifeverydayIwalknotherewithmoredelight，Thanever，afterthemosthappyfight，IntriumphtotheCapitolIrode，Tothankthegods，andtobethoughtmyselfalmostagod。
OFGREATNESS。
Sincewecannotattaintogreatness，saystheSieurdeMontaigne，letushaveourrevengebyrailingatit；thishespokebutinjest。
IbelievehedesireditnomorethanIdo，andhadlessreason，forheenjoyedsoplentifulandhonourableafortuneinamostexcellentcountry，asallowedhimalltherealconveniencesofit，separatedandpurgedfromtheincommodities。IfIwerebutinhiscondition，Ishouldthinkithardmeasure，withoutbeingconvincedofanycrime，tobesequesteredfromitandmadeoneoftheprincipalofficersofstate。ButthereadermaythinkthatwhatInowsayisofsmallauthority，becauseIneverwas，norevershallbe，puttothetrial；Icanthereforeonlymakemyprotestation。
IfeverImorerichesdiddesireThancleanlinessandquietdorequire；
Ife’erambitiondidmyfancycheat，Withanywishsomeanastobegreat，Continue，Heaven，stillfrommetoremoveThehumbleblessingsofthatlifeIlove。
Iknowverymanymenwilldespise，andsomepityme，forthishumour，asapoor—spiritedfellow；butIamcontent，and，likeHorace，thankGodforbeingso。Diibenefeceruntinopisme，quodquepusillifinxeruntanimi。IconfessIlovelittlenessalmostinallthings。Alittleconvenientestate，alittlecheerfulhouse，alittlecompany，andaverylittlefeast；andifIwereevertofallinloveagain（whichisagreatpassion，andthereforeIhopeI
havedonewithit）itwouldbe，Ithink，withprettinessratherthanwithmajesticalbeauty。Iwouldneitherwishthatmymistress，normyfortune，shouldbeabonaroba，nor，asHomerusedtodescribehisbeauties，likeadaughterofgreatJupiter，forthestatelinessandlargenessofherperson，but，asLucretiussays，\"Parvula，pumilio，[Greektextwhichcannotbereproduced]，totamerumsal。\"
Wherethereisonemanofthis，IbelievethereareathousandofSenecio’smind，whoseridiculousaffectationofgrandeurSenecatheelderdescribestothiseffect。Seneciowasamanofaturbidandconfusedwit，whocouldnotenduretospeakanybutmightywordsandsentences，tillthishumourgrewatlastintosonotoriousahabit，orratherdisease，asbecamethesportofthewholetown：hewouldhavenoservantsbuthugemassyfellows，noplateorhouseholdstuffbutthriceasbigasthefashion；youmaybelieveme，forIspeakitwithoutraillery，hisextravagancycameatlastintosuchamadnessthathewouldnotputonapairofshoeseachofwhichwasnotbigenoughforbothhisfeet；hewouldeatnothingbutwhatwasgreat，nortouchanyfruitbuthorse—plumsandpound—pears。Hekeptaconcubinethatwasaverygiantess，andmadeherwalk，too，alwaysinachiopins，tillatlasthegotthesurnameofSenecioGrandio，which，Messalasaid，wasnothiscognomen，buthiscognomentum。
WhenhedeclaimedforthethreehundredLacedaemonians，whoalsoopposedXerxes’armyofabovethreehundredthousand，hestretchedouthisarmsandstoodontiptoes，thathemightappearthetaller，andcriedoutinaveryloudvoice，\"Irejoice，Irejoice!\"Wewondered，Iremember，whatnewgreatfortunehadbefallenhiseminence。\"Xerxes，\"sayshe，\"isallmineown。Hewhotookawaythesightoftheseawiththecanvasveilsofsomanyships……\"
andthenhegoesonso，asIknownotwhattomakeoftherest，whetheritbethefaultoftheedition，ortheorator’sownburlywayofnonsense。
ThisisthecharacterthatSenecagivesofthishyperbolicalfop，whomwestandamazedat，andyetthereareveryfewmenwhoarenot，insomethings，andtosomedegree，grandios。Isanythingmorecommonthantoseeourladiesofqualitywearsuchhighshoesastheycannotwalkinwithoutonetoleadthem？andagownaslongagainastheirbody，sothattheycannotstirtothenextroomwithoutapageortwotoholditup？Imaysafelysaythatalltheostentationofourgrandeesisjustlikeatrain，ofnouseintheworld，buthorriblycumbersomeandincommodious。Whatisallthisbutspiceofgrandio？Howtediouswouldthisbeifwewerealwaysboundtoit？Idobelievethereisnokingwhowouldnotratherbedeposedthanendureeverydayofhisreignalltheceremoniesofhiscoronation。Themightiestprincesaregladtoflyoftenfromthesemajesticpleasures（whichis，methinks，nosmalldisparagementtothem），asitwereforrefuge，tothemostcontemptibledivertisementsandmeanestrecreationsofthevulgar，nay，evenofchildren。Oneofthemostpowerfulandfortunateprincesoftheworldoflate，couldfindoutnodelightsosatisfactoryasthekeepingoflittlesingingbirds，andhearingofthemandwhistlingtothem。Whatdidtheemperorsofthewholeworld？Ifeveranymenhadthefreeandfullenjoymentofallhumangreatness（nay，thatwouldnotsuffice，fortheywouldbegodstoo）theycertainlypossessedit；andyetoneofthem，whostyledhimself\"LordandGodoftheEarth，\"couldnottellhowtopasshiswholedaypleasantly，withoutspendingconstanttwoorthreehoursincatchingofflies，andkillingthemwithabodkin，asifhisgodshiphadbeenBeelzebub。Oneofhispredecessors，Nero（whoneverputanybounds，normetwithanystoptohisappetite），coulddiverthimselfwithnopastimemoreagreeablethantorunaboutthestreetsallnightinadisguise，andabusethewomenandaffrontthemenwhomhemet，andsometimestobeatthem，andsometimestobebeatenbythem。Thiswasoneofhisimperialnocturnalpleasures；hischiefestinthedaywastosingandplayuponafiddle，inthehabitofaminstrel，uponthepublicstage；hewasprouderofthegarlandsthatweregiventohisdivinevoice（astheycalleditthen）inthosekindofprizes，thanallhisforefatherswereoftheirtriumphsovernations。Hedidnotathisdeathcomplainthatsomightyanemperor，andthelastofalltheCaesarianraceofdeities，shouldbebroughttososhamefulandmiserableanend，butonlycriedout，\"Alas!whatpityitisthatsoexcellentamusicianshouldperishinthismanner!\"
HisuncleClaudiusspenthalfhistimeatplayingatdice；thatwasthemainfruitofhissovereignty。IomitthemadnessesofCaligula’sdelights，andtheexecrablesordidnessofthoseofTiberius。WouldonethinkthatAugustushimself，thehighestandmostfortunateofmankind，apersonendowedtoowithmanyexcellentpartsofnature，shouldbesohardputtoitsometimesforwantofrecreations，astobefoundplayingatnutsandbounding—stoneswithlittleSyrianandMoorishboys，whosecompanyhetookdelightin，fortheirpratingandtheirwantonness？
Wasitforthis，thatRome’sbestbloodhespilt，Withsomuchfalsehood，somuchguilt？
WasitforthisthathisambitionstroveToequalCaesarfirst，andafterJove？
Greatnessisbarrensureofsolidjoys；
Hermerchandise，Ifear，isallintoys；
Shecouldnotelsesuresouncivilbe，Totreathisuniversalmajesty，HisnewcreatedDeity，Withnutsandbounding—stonesandboys。
Butwemustexcuseherforthismeagreentertainment；shehasnotreallywherewithaltomakesuchfeastsasweimagine；herguestsmustbecontentedsometimeswithbutslendercates，andwiththesamecoldmeatsservedoverandoveragain，eventilltheybecomenauseous。Whenyouhaveparedawayallthevanity，whatsolidandnaturalcontentmentdoesthereremainwhichmaynotbehadwithfivehundredpoundsayear？notsomanyservantsorhorses，butafewgoodones，whichwilldoallthebusinessaswell；notsomanychoicedishesateverymeal；butatseveralmealsallofthem，whichmakesthemboththemorehealthyanddinemorepleasant；notsorichgarmentsnorsofrequentchanges，butaswarmandascomely，andsofrequentchange，too，asiseveryjotasgoodforthemaster，thoughnotforthetailororvalet—de—chambre；notsuchastatelypalace，norgiltrooms，northecostliersortsoftapestry，butaconvenientbrickhouse，withdecentwainscotandprettyforest—workhangings。
Lastly（forIomitallotherparticulars，andwillendwiththatwhichIlovemostinbothconditions），notwholewoodscutinwalks，norvastparks，norfountainorcascadegardens，butherbandflowerandfruitgardens，whicharemoreuseful，andthewatereverywhitasclearandwholesomeasifitdartedfromthebreastsofamarblenymphortheurnofariver—god。Ifforallthisyoulikebetterthesubstanceofthatformerestateoflife，dobutconsidertheinseparableaccidentsofboth：servitude，disquiet，danger，andmostcommonlyguilt，inherentintheone；intheother，liberty，tranquillity，security，andinnocence：andwhenyouhavethoughtuponthis，youwillconfessthattobeatruthwhichappearedtoyoubeforebutaridiculousparadox，thatalowfortuneisbetterguardedandattendedthanahighone。Ifindeed，welookonlyupontheflourishingheadofthetree，itappearsamostbeautifulobject。
—SedquantumverticeadaurasAEtherias，tantumradiceadTartaratendit。
Asfaruptowardsheaventhebranchesgrow，Sofartherootsinksdowntohellbelow。
Anotherhorribledisgracetogreatnessis，thatitisforthemostpartinpitifulwantanddistress。Whatawonderfulthingisthis，unlessitdegenerateintoavarice，andsoceasetobegreatness。Itfallsperpetuallyintosuchnecessitiesasdriveitintoallthemeanestandmostsordidwaysofborrowing，cozenage，androbbery，Mancipiislocopules，egetarisCappadocumRex。Thisisthecaseofalmostallgreatmen，aswellasofthepoorKingofCappadocia。
Theyaboundwithslaves，butareindigentofmoney。TheancientRomanemperors，whohadtherichesofthewholeworldfortheirrevenue，hadwherewithaltolive，onewouldhavethought，prettywellatease，andtohavebeenexemptfromthepressuresofextremepoverty。Butyetwithmostofthemitwasmuchotherwise，andtheyfellperpetuallyintosuchmiserablepenury，thattheywereforcedtodevourorsqueezemostoftheirfriendsandservants，tocheatwithinfamousprojects，toransackandpillagealltheirprovinces。
Thisfashionofimperialgrandeurisimitatedbyallinferiorandsubordinatesortsofit，asifitwereapointofhonour。Theymustbecheatedofathirdpartoftheirestates，twootherthirdstheymustexpendinvanity，sothattheyremaindebtorsforallthenecessaryprovisionsoflife，andhavenowaytosatisfythosedebtsbutoutofthesuccoursandsuppliesofrapine；\"asrichesincrease，\"saysSolomon，\"sodothemouthsthatdevourit。\"Themastermouthhasnomorethanbefore；theowner，methinks，islikeGenusinthefable，whoisperpetuallywindingaropeofhayandanassattheendperpetuallyeatingit。Outoftheseinconveniencesarisesnaturallyonemore，whichis，thatnogreatnesscanbesatisfiedorcontentedwithitself：still，ifitcouldmountupalittlehigher，itwouldbehappy；ifitcouldbutgainthatpoint，itwouldobtainallitsdesires；butyetatlast，whenitisgotuptotheverytopofthepeakofTeneriffe，itisinverygreatdangerofbreakingitsneckdownwards，butinnopossibilityofascendingupwardsintotheseatoftranquillityabovethemoon。Thefirstambitiousmenintheworld，theoldgiants，aresaidtohavemadeanheroicalattemptofscalingHeavenindespiteofthegods，andtheycastOssauponOlympusandPelionuponOssa，twoorthreemountainsmoretheythoughtwouldhavedonetheirbusiness，butthethunderspoiledalltheworkwhentheywerecomeuptothethirdstorey；
Andwhatanobleplotwascrossed，Andwhatabravedesignwaslost。
Afamouspersonoftheiroffspring，thelategiantofournation，when，fromtheconditionofaveryinconsiderablecaptain，hehadmadehimselflieutenant—generalofanarmyoflittleTitans，whichwashisfirstmountain；andafterwardsgeneral，whichwashissecond；andafterthatabsolutetyrantofthreekingdoms，whichwasthethird，andalmosttouchedtheheavenwhichheaffected；isbelievedtohavediedwithgriefanddiscontentbecausehecouldnotattaintothehonestnameofaking，andtheoldformalityofacrown，thoughhehadbeforeexceededthepowerbyawickedusurpation。Ifhecouldhavecompassedthat，hewouldperhapshavewantedsomethingelsethatisnecessarytofelicity，andpinedawayforthewantofthetitleofanemperororagod。Thereasonofthisis，thatgreatnesshasnorealityinnature，butisacreatureofthefancy——anotionthatconsistsonlyinrelationandcomparison。Itisindeedanidol；butSt。Paulteachesusthatanidolisnothingintheworld。Thereisintruthnorisingormeridianofthesun，butonlyinrespecttoseveralplaces：thereisnorightorleft，noupperhandinnature；everythingislittleandeverythingisgreataccordingasitisdiverselycompared。
TheremaybeperhapssomevillagesinScotlandorIrelandwhereI
mightbeagreatman；andinthatcaseIshouldbelikeCaesar——youwouldwonderhowCaesarandIshouldbelikeoneanotherinanything——andchooserathertobethefirstmanofthevillagethansecondatRome。OurCountryiscalledGreatBritain，inregardonlyofalesserofthesamename；itwouldbebutaridiculousepithetforitwhenweconsiderittogetherwiththekingdomofChina。
That，too，isbutapitifulroodofgroundincomparisonofthewholeearthbesides；andthiswholeglobeofearth，whichweaccountsoimmenseabody，isbutonepointoratominrelationtothosenumberlessworldsthatarescatteredupanddownintheinfinitespaceoftheskywhichwebehold。TheothermanyinconveniencesofgrandeurIhavespokenofdispersedlyinseveralchapters，andshallendthiswithanodeofHorace，notexactlycopiedbutrudelyimitated。
HORACE。LIB。3。ODE1。
Odiprofanumvulgus，etc。
I。
Hence，yeprofane；Ihateyeall；
Boththegreatvulgar，andthesmall。
Tovirginminds，whichyettheirnativewhitenesshold，Notyetdiscolouredwiththeloveofgold（Thatjaundiceofthesoul，Whichmakesitlooksogildedandsofoul），Toyou，yeveryfew，thesetruthsItell；
Themuseinspiresmysong，hark，andobserveitwell。
II。
Welookonmen，andwonderatsuchodds’Twixtthingsthatwerethesamebybirth；
Welookonkingsasgiantsoftheearth，Thesegiantsarebutpigmiestothegods。
ThehumblestbushandproudestoakArebutofequalproofagainstthethunder—stroke。
Beautyandstrength，andwit，andwealth，andpowerHavetheirshortflourishinghour，Andlovetoseethemselves，andsmile，Andjoyintheirpre—eminenceawhile；
Evensointhesameland，Poorweeds，richcorn，gayflowerstogetherstand；
Alas，deathmowsdownallwithanimpartialhand。
III。
Andallyoumen，whomgreatnessdoessoplease，Yefeast，Ifear，likeDamocles。
Ifyouyoureyescouldupwardsmove，（Butyou，Ifear，thinknothingisabove）
YouwouldperceivebywhatalittlethreadTheswordstillhangsoveryourhead。
Notideofwinewoulddrownyourcares，Nomirthormusicover—noiseyourfears；
Thefearofdeathwouldyousowatchfulkeep，Asnottoadmittheimageofit，sleep。
IV。
Sleepisagodtooproudtowaitinpalaces；
Andyetsohumble，too，asnottoscornThemeanestcountrycottages；
Hispoppygrowsamongthecorn。
ThehalcyonsleepwillneverbuildhisnestInanystormybreast。
’TisnotenoughthathedoesfindCloudsanddarknessintheirmind；
Darknessbuthalfhisworkwilldo，’Tisnotenough；hemustfindquiettoo。
V。
Themanwho，inallwisheshedoesmake，DoesonlyNature’scounseltake，ThatwiseandhappymanwillneverfearTheevilaspectsoftheyear，Nortremble，thoughtwocometsshouldappear。
Hedoesnotlookinalmanackstosee，Whetherhefortunateshallbe；
LetMarsandSaturnintheheavensconjoin，Andwhattheypleaseagainsttheworlddesign，SoJupiterwithinhimshine。
VII。
Ifoftheirpleasuresanddesiresnoendbefound；
Godtotheircaresandfearswillsetnobound。
Whatwouldcontentyou？Whocantell？
YefearsomuchtolosewhatyouhavegotAsifyelikeditwell。
Yestriveformore，asifyelikeditnot。
Go，levelhills，andfillupseas，Sparenoughtthatmayyourwantonfancyplease；
Buttrustme，whenyouhavedoneallthis，Muchwillbemissingstill，andmuchwillbeamiss。
OFAVARICE。
Therearetwosortsofavarice；theoneisbutofabastardkind；
andthatis，therapaciousappetiteofgain，notforitsownsake，butforthepleasureofrefundingitimmediatelythroughallthechannelsofprideandluxury。Theotheristhetruekind，andproperlysocalled；whichisarestlessandunsatiabledesireofriches，notforanyfurtherendofuse，butonlytohoard，andpreserve，andperpetuallyincreasethem。Thecovetousmanofthefirstkindislikeagreedyostrich，whichdevoursanymetal，butitiswithanintenttofeeduponit，andineffectitmakesashifttodigestandexcernit。Thesecondislikethefoolishchough，whichlovestostealmoneyonlytohideit。Thefirstdoesmuchharmtomankind，andalittlegoodtoo，tosomefew。Theseconddoesgoodtonone；no，nottohimself。ThefirstcanmakenoexcusetoGod，orangels，orrationalmenforhisactions。Thesecondcangivenoreasonorcolour，nottothedevilhimself，forwhathedoes：heisaslavetoMammonwithoutwages。Thefirstmakesashifttobebeloved；aye，andenvied，too，bysomepeople。Thesecondistheuniversalobjectofhatredandcontempt。Thereisnovicehasbeensopeltedwithgoodsentences，andespeciallybythepoets，whohavepursueditwithstoriesandfables，andallegoriesandallusions；
andmoved，aswesay，everystonetoflingatit，amongallwhich，I
donotrememberamorefineandgentlemen—likecorrectionthanthatwhichwasgivenitbyonelineofOvid’s。
Desuntluxuriaemalta，avaritiaeomnia。
Muchiswantingtoluxury；alltoavariceTowhichsayingIhaveamindtoaddonememberandrenderitthus：—
Povertywantssome，luxurymany，avariceallthings。
Somebodysaysofavirtuousandwiseman，thathavingnothing，hehasall。Thisisjusthisantipode，who，havingallthings，yethasnothing。Heisaguardianeunuchtohisbelovedgold：Audivieosamatoresessemaximossednilpotesse。Theyarethefondestlovers，butimpotenttoenjoy。
And，oh，whatman’sconditioncanbeworseThanhis，whomplentystarves，andblessingscurse？
Thebeggarsbutacommonfatedeplore，Therichpoorman’semphaticallypoor。