WhileinthemainLanier’ssentence-constructionisgood，occasionallyhissentencesaretoolong，asin`MySprings’，`ToBayardTaylor’，and`Sunrise’，inwhichwehavesentenceslongerthantheopeningonein`ParadiseLost’，and，whatisofmoremoment，notsowellbalanced，andhenceaffordingfewerbreathingspaces。
Thatthisdetractsfromclearnessandeuphonyboth，everyreaderwilladmit。
Tocometothefiguresofspeech，onemustbestruckatoncewiththedelicacyandthevigorofLanier’simagination。Thepoet’sfancypersonifieswhatatfirstblushseemstousincapableofpersonification。
Thusatonetime*1*helikensmentoclover-leavesandtheCourse-of-thingstothebrowsingox，whichmakeswaywiththeclover-heads;
whileatanotherheaddressesanoldredhillofGeorgiaas\"ThougashedandhairyLearWhomthedivineCordeliaoftheyear，E’enpityingSpring，willvainlystrivetocheer。\"*2*
LikeotherSouthernpoets，*3*Laniersometimesfailstocheckhisimagination，andinconsequenceleaveshisreaders\"bramble-tangledinabrilliantmaze，\"
asinhisdescriptionofthestarsin`JuneDreams’*4*
andinthe`PsalmoftheWest’。*5*WhileIdonotlikeamaze，brilliantthoughitbeandsweet，ImustsaythatIprefertheembarrassmentofrichestotheembarrassmentofpoverty。Onthewhole，however，Lanier’sfiguresstrikemeassingularlyfreshandhappy。
In`Sunrise’，forexample，thepoetspeaksofthemarshasfollows：
\"Thetide’satfull：themarshwithfloodedstreamsGlimmersalimpidlabyrinthofdreams;\"*6*
andoftheheavensreflectedinthemarshwaters：
\"EachwindingcreekingraveentrancementliesArhapsodyofmorning-stars。TheskiesShinescantwithoneforkedgalaxy，——
Themarshbragsten：loopedonhisbreasttheylie。\"*7*
Later，astheebb-tideflowsfrommarshtosea，weareparentheticallytreatedtothesetwolines：
\"Runhome，littlestreams，Withyourlapfulsofstarsanddreams。\"*8*
Finally，theheavenitselfisthuspictured：
\"NowineachpettiestpersonalsphereofdewThesumm’dmornshinescompleteasintheblueBigdew-dropofallheaven;\"*9*
besidewhichmustbehungthisexquisitepicture：
\"Thedew-dropmornmayfallfromoffthepetalofthesky。\"*10*
——
*1*In`Clover’。
*2*`Corn’，ll。185-187。
*3*SeeonthispointtheremarksofProfessorTrentinhisadmirablelifeof`Simms’（Boston，1892），p。149。
*4*`JuneDreams’，l。21ff。
*5*`PsalmoftheWest’，l。183ff。
*6*`Sunrise’，ll。80-81。
*7*Ibid。，ll。82-85。
*8*Ibid。，ll。114-115。
*9*Ibid。，ll。134-136。
*10*`TheShipofEarth’，l。5。
——
Astoversification，Lanierusesalmostallthetypesofverse——iambic，trochaic，blank，thesonnet，etc。——andwithaboutequalskill。
Threefeatures，however，speciallycharacterizehisverse：
thecarefuldistributionofvowel-colorsandthefrequentuseofalliterationandofphoneticsyzygy，*1*bywhichlastismeantacombinationorsuccessionofidenticalorsimilarconsonants，whetherinitially，medially，orfinally，asforinstancethesuccessionofM’sinTennyson’s\"ThemoanofdovesinimmemorialelmsAndmurmuringofinnumerablebees。\"
AllofthesephenomenaareillustratedinLanier’s`SongoftheChattahoochee’，whichhasoftenbeencomparedtoTennyson’s`TheBrook’，andwhichaloneprovestheauthoramasterinversification。Tobesure，Lanieroccasionallygivesusanimproperrhyme，as`thwart：heart’，*2*etc。，butsodoeseverypoet。
Nodoubt，too，hisloveofmusicsometimesledhim，not\"tostrainforformeffects\"，buttoindulgetoomuchtherein，or，inthewordsofMr。Stedman，\"toessayinlanguagefeatsthatonlythegamutcanrenderpossible。\"*3*But，asProfessorKentadmirablyputsit，\"Lanierwasapoetaswellasanartist，andifattimeshisartistictemperamentseemedtoeclipsehispoeticthought，grantthattothepoetmindtheverymannerofexpressionmayindicatethethoughtthatliesbeneath，whiletothedullerearthethoughtmustcomeincompletedform。\"*4*Moreover，asweshallseelater，thisextraordinarymusicalendowmentgaveLanierauniquepositionamongEnglishpoets。
——
*1*See`TheScienceofEnglishVerse’，p。306ff。
*2*`IntheFoam’，ll。6，8。See，too，Kent’s`StudyofLanier’sPoems’，whichgivesanexhaustivetreatmentofLanier’sversification。
*3*Stedman’s`PoetsofAmerica’，p。449。
*4*`Kent’，p。60。
——
Afterwhathasbeensaidthequalitiesofstylemaybebrieflyhandled。
Aswehavealreadyseen，Laniersometimesfailsinclearness，or，moreprecisely，insimplicity。Thiscomespartlyfrominfelicitoussentence-construction，partly，perhaps，fromLanier’sextraordinarymusicalendowment，butchiefly，Ithink，fromover-luxurianceofimagination。Butthisoccasionaldefecthasbeenundulyexaggerated。ThusMr。Gosse*1*declaresthatLanieris\"neversimple，nevereasy，neverinonesinglelyricnaturalandspontaneousformorethanonestanza，\"——astatementsoclearlyhyperbolicashardlytocallfornotice。Asamatteroffact，Lanierhaswrittennumerouspoemsthatofferlittleornodifficultytothereaderofaverageintelligence，as`LifeandSong’，`MySprings’，`TheSymphony’，`TheMocking-Bird’，`TheSongoftheChattahoochee’，`TheWavingoftheCorn’，`TheRevengeofHamish’，`Remonstrance’，`ABalladofTreesandtheMaster’，etc。Morethanthis，Lanierattimesmanifeststhesimplicitythatisgrantedonlytogeniusofthehighestorder：thusanEnglishcritic，*2*
whobythewaydeclaresthatLanier’svolumehasmoreofgeniusthanallthepoemsofPoe，orLongfellow，orLowell（thehumorouspoemsexcepted），andwhoconsidersLanierthemostoriginalofallAmericanpoets，andmoreoriginalthananyEnglandhasproducedforthelastthirtyyears，saysthat\"nothingcanbemoreperfectthan——
`ThewholesweetroundOflittlesthatlargelifecompound，’\"*3*
linesin`MySprings’，andthat\"thetouchofwonderinthelasttwolines，`ImarvelthatGodmadeyoumine，Forwhenhefrowns，’tisthenyeshine，’*4*
isassimpleandexquisiteasanytouchoftendernessinourliterature。\"
IfranklyadmitthatseveralofLanier’sbestpoems，as`Corn’，`TheMarshesofGlynn’，and`Sunrise’，arenotsimple;
butthesamethingistrueofMilton’s`ParadiseLost’andofBrowning’s`TheRingandtheBook’，andyetthisfactdoesnotexcludethesetwoworksfromthelistofgreatpoems。Mr。Gosse，however，declaresthat`Corn’，`Sunrise’，and`TheMarshesofGlynn’\"simulatepoeticexpressionwithextraordinaryskill。Butoftherealthing，ofthegenuinetraditionalarticle，notatrace\"！Whatdothesepoemsshow，then？
Mr。Gosseanswers：\"Ifindapainfuleffort，astrainandrage，themostprominentqualitiesineverythinghewrote;\"whichstrikesmeasthereverseofthefacts。Inoneofhisletters*5*toJudgeBleckley，Lanierwrotethissentence：\"Myheadandmyheartarebothsofullofpoemswhichthedreadfulstruggleforbreaddoesnotgivemetimetoputonpaper，thatIamoftendriventoheadacheandheartache，purelyforwantofanhourortwotoholdapen。\"If，then，hecommittedanerror（andIamfarfromconsideringhimfaultless），itwasnotthathebeatandspurredonPegasus，butthathefailedtoreinhimin。Still，IrepeatthatIprefertheembarrassmentofrichestotheembarrassmentofpoverty。Finally，justasMiltontellsusthatthemusicofthespheresisnottobeheardbythegross，unpurgedear，soIbelievethatmanyintelligentearsandeyesareatfirsttoogrosstohearandseewhatLanierputsbeforethem，whereasabitofpatientlisteningandlookingrevealsdelightshithertoundreamedof。
——
*1*See`Bibliography’。
*2*`TheSpectator’（London）;see`Bibliography’。
*3*`MySprings’，ll。49-50。
*4*`MySprings’，ll。55-56。
*5*Itistobehopedthattheselettersmayyetbepublished。
IquotefromonedatedNovember15，1874。
——
Ifnotalwayssimple，Lanierisoftenforcibleintheextreme，asin`TheSymphony’，`TheRevengeofHamish’，`Remonstrance’，and`Sunrise’。
Ofcourse，itisopentoanyonetoseeinthesepoemsthe\"rage\"
attributedtoLanierbyMr。Gosse，butIprefertoconsideritdivinewrathinallbutthelast，andinitwonderunutterable，whichyetissoutteredthatearsbecomeeyes。Ialludetothestanzas*describingthebreakofdawnandtherisingofthesun。
——
*`Sunrise’，ll。86-152。
——
Ofthepoet’smarvelouseuphony，`TheSongoftheChattahoochee’
speaksclearlyenough。Aswehaveseeninourtreatmentofversification，itishereaquestionnotoftoolittlebutoftoomuch。
But，despiteanoccasionaltoogreatyieldingtohispassionformusic，hisextraordinaryendowmentinthisdirectiongaveLanierauniquepositionamongEnglishpoets。IquoteagainfromProfessorKent：*
\"Butifhissenseofbeautymadehimapeerofourgreatpoets，itwastheheavenlygiftofmusicthatdistinguishedhimfromthem。
Milton，itistrue，whomhemostresemblesinthisrespect，hadaknowledgeofmusic，butnotthesamepassionforit。Milton’smusicwasmorearecreation，anaccompanimentofreverie;Lanier’swasafieryzeal;
ayearninglove，achosenandadequateformofexpressionofhissoul’sdeepestfeeling。Combinedwiththispassionformusicwashistechnicalknowledgeoftheart，andthesecombinedformedatoncethefoundationandtheframeworkofhispoetry。Heseemsliterallytohavesunghispoems;theyareessentiallymusical，tuneful，andmelodious。
Surchargedwithmusic，heoverflowsinmellifluousnumbers。Here，then，Lanierstandsoutdifferentiatedinthechoirofpoets，andherewefindthatdistinctivequalitywhichistheveryflavorofhiswriting。\"
——
*P。62。
——
WhilemostofLanier’spoemsareinaseriousstrain，severaldisclosenomeansenseofhumor。Irefertohisdialectpoems，suchas`Jones’sPrivateArgyment’，`UncleJim’sBaptistRevivalHymn’，and`ThePowerofPrayer’，especiallythelast，writteninconjunctionwithhisbrother，Mr。CliffordLanier。
Therearepassagesinthepoemsnolesspatheticthanthepoet’slife。
Indiscussinghisloveofnaturewehaveseenthathewasapantheistinthebestsenseoftheterm。Sodelicatewashissensibilitythatwedonotwonderwhenwehearhimdeclaring，\"AndIamonewithallthekinsmenthingsThate’ermyFatherfathered，\"*
asayingasfelicitousastheRoman’s\"Iamaman，and，therefore，nothinghumanisstrangertome。\"Thetendernessofthe`BalladofTreesandtheMaster’musttouchallreaders。
Fewpassagesaremorepathetic，Ithink，thanthat，in`JuneDreamsinJanuary’，tellingofthepoet’sstruggleforbreadandfame，while\"hisworshipfulsweetwifesatstill，afar，withinthevillagewhenceshesenthimforth，waitingallconfidentandproudandcalm。\"
And，ifthereoccursthereinaplaintivetone，letusrememberthatitistheonlytimethathecomplainedofhislot，andthatherereallyhehasmoreinmindhisdearerself，hiswife，andthatcalmsucceededtounrestjustasitdoesinthispassage：
\"`Whycanwepoetsdreamusbeauty，so，Butcannotdreamusbread？Why，now，canI
Make，aye，createthisfervidthrobbingJuneOutofthechill，chillmatterofmysoul，Yetcannotmakeapoorestpenny-loafOutofthissamechillmatter，no，notoneForMary，thoughshestarveduponmybreast？’
Andthenhefelluponhiscouch，andsobbed，And，late，justwhenhisheartleanedo’erTheveryedgeofbreaking，faintofall，Godsenthimsleep。\"**
——
*`AFloridaSunday’，ll。102-103。
**`JuneDreamsinJanuary’，ll。68-78。
——
V。Lanier’sTheoryofPoetryItisnowtimetosayawordaboutLanier’stheoryofart，especiallytheartofpoetry。Hisviewsupontheformalsideofpoetryhavealreadybeennoticedintheconsiderationofhis`ScienceofEnglishVerse’，andhencereceivenofurthercommenthere。
ThatLanierkeenlyappreciatedtheresponsibilityrestingupontheartist，appearsfrom`Individuality’，wherehetellsus，\"Awfulisartbecause’tisfree，\"*1*
and，\"Eachartist——giftofterror！——ownshiswill。\"*2*
Butheacceptstheresponsibilityreverentlyandconfidently：
\"Iworkinfreedomwild，Butwork，asplaysalittlechild，SureoftheFather，Self，andLove，alone。\"*3*
——
*1*`Individuality’，l。62。
*2*`Individuality’，l。76。
*3*`Individuality’，ll。89-91。
——
Again，theprovinceofpoetryispointedout，asin`Clover’：
\"Theartist’smarketistheheartofman;
Theartist’sprice，somelittlegoodofman;\"*1*
andin`TheBee’：
\"Wiltask，`Whatprofite’erapoetbrings？’
HebearethstarrystuffabouthiswingsTopollentheeandstingtheefertile。\"*2*
In`Corn’，*3*too，the\"tallcorn-captain\"\"typesthepoet-soulsublime。\"
——
*1*`Clover’，ll。126-127。
*2*`TheBee’，ll。40-42。
*3*`Corn’，l。52ff。
——
ButitisinhisproseworksthatLanierhastreatedthemattermostatlength，andtotheseIturn。Inthefirstplace，heinsiststhattobeanartistonemustknowagreatdeal，astatementthatwouldappearsuperfluousbutforitsfrequentoverlookingbywould-beartists。Henceheisrightinwarningyoungwriters：
\"Youneednotdreamofwinningtheattentionofsoberpeoplewithyourpoetryunlessthatpoetryandyoursoulbehinditareinformedandsaturatedwithatleastthelargestfinalconceptionsofcurrentscience。\"*
ThatLanierstrovetofollowthisprecept，wehaveabundantevidenceinhislifeandinhisworks;andIthinkthat，ifwerememberhisenvironments，wemustwonderatthevastness，theaccuracy，andthevarietyofhisknowledge。Asadditionallyillustrativeofthelast，ImayaddthatLanierinventedsomeimprovementsfortheflute，andmadeadiscoveryinthephysicsofmusicthattheProfessorofPhysicsintheUniversityofVirginiathoughtconsiderable。**
——
*`Gates’，p。29。
**See`West’，p。23。
——
Inthesecondplace，Lanierthinksthatapoet’sknowledgeofhisartshouldbescientific。Itwasthisthatledhimtowrite`TheScienceofEnglishVerse’，themottoofwhichis，\"Butthebestconceptionscannotbe，savewherescienceandgeniusare。\"
In`TheEnglishNovel’hedeclaresthat\"notasingleversewaseverwrittenbyinstinctalonesincetheworldbegan，\"*
andfortifieshisstatementbyBenJonson’stributetoShakespeare，——
\"Foragoodpoet’smadeaswellasborn，Andsuchwertthou。\"
ButLanierclearlysawthatnoformallawsandnoamountofscientificknowledgecouldalonemakeapoet，asappearsfromthemottoabovequoted，fromtheclosingchapterof`TheScienceofEnglishVerse’，whichtellsusthattheeducatedloveofbeautyistheartist’sonlylaw，andfromthisothermotto，fromSirPhilipSidney：\"APoet，noindustriecanmake，ifhisowneGeniusbeenotcarrieduntoit。\"
——
*`TheEnglishNovel’，p。33。
——
Inthethirdplace，Lanierholdsthatamoralintentiononthepartofanartistdoesnotinterferewiththenaturalnessorintrinsicbeautyofhiswork;thatinartthecontrollingconsiderationisrathermoralthanartisticbeauty;butthatmoralbeautyandartisticbeauty，sofarfrombeingdistinctoropposed，areconvergentandmutuallyhelpful。
Thisthesisheupholdsinthefollowingeloquentandcogentpassage：
\"Permitmetorecalltoyouinthefirstplacethattherequirementhasbeenfromtimeimmemorialthatwhereverthereiscontestasbetweenartisticandmoralbeauty，unlessthemoralsideprevail，allislost。Letanysculptorhewusoutthemostravishingcombinationoftendercurvesandsphericsoftnessthateverstoodforwoman;
yetiftheliphaveacertainfulnessthathintsoftheflesh，ifthebrowbeinsincere，ifintheminutestparticularthephysicalbeautysuggestamoralugliness，thatsculptor——unlesshebeportrayingamoraluglinessforamoralpurpose——mayaswellgiveoverhismarbleforpaving-stones。Time，whosejudgmentsareinexorablymoral，willnotaccepthiswork。Forindeedwemaysaythathewhohasnotyetperceivedhowartisticbeautyandmoralbeautyareconvergentlineswhichrunbackintoacommonidealorigin，andwhothereforeisnotafirewithmoralbeautyjustaswithartisticbeauty——thathe，inshort，whohasnotcometothatstageofquietandeternalfrenzyinwhichthebeautyofholinessandtheholinessofbeautymeanonething，burnasonefire，shineasonelight，withinhim;heisnotyetthegreatartist。\"*BycopiousquotationsLanierthenshowsthat\"manyfineandbeautifulsoulsappearafterawhiletoloseallsenseofdistinctionbetweentheseterms，Beauty，Truth，Love，Wisdom，Goodness，andthelike，\"andconcludesthus：\"Andifthisbetrue，cannotonesaywithauthoritytotheyoungartist，——whetherworkinginstone，incolor，intones，orincharacter-formsofthenovel：
sofarfromdreadingthatyourmoralpurposewillinterferewithyourbeautifulcreation，goforwardintheclearconvictionthatunlessyouaresuffused——soulandbody，onemightsay——
withthatmoralpurposewhichfindsitslargestexpressioninlove——thatis，theloveofallthingsintheirproperrelation——
unlessyouaresuffusedwiththislove，donotdaretomeddlewithbeauty;
unlessyouaresuffusedwithbeauty，donotmeddlewithlove;
unlessyouaresuffusedwithtruth，donotdaretomeddlewithgoodness;——
inaword，unlessyouaresuffusedwithbeauty，truth，wisdom，goodness，ANDlove，abandonthehopethattheageswillacceptyouasanartist。\"**
——
*`TheEnglishNovel’，p。272f。
**`TheEnglishNovel’，p。280。Ofthenumerousdiscussionsofthisthesis，thestudentshouldconsultatleastthosebyMatthewArnold（`Preface’tohiseditionof`Wordsworth’sPoems’），JohnRuskin（`StonesofVenice’，vol。iii。，chap。iv。），andVictorHugo（`WilliamShakespeare’，BookVI。）。
——
VI。ConclusionMiltonhassomewheresaidthatinordertobeagreatpoetonemusthimselfbeatruepoem，adictumnonethelesstrustworthybecauseofitsinapplicabilitytoitsauthoralongwithseveralothergreatpoets。NowofallEnglishpoets，IknowofnonethatcamenearerbeingatruepoemthandidLanier。
Hewasasspotlessas\"theLadyofChrist’s\"，andinfinitelymorelovable。
Indeed，heseemstometohaverealizedtheidealofhisownknightlyHorn，whohopesthatsomedaymenwillbe\"maidsinpurity\"。*
Iwillnotrecallhisgentleyetheroiclifeamiddrawbacksalmostunparalleled;foritisevensadderthanitisbeautiful。
Itismydeliberatejudgmentthat，while，asthepoetsaysinhis`LifeandSong’，nosingerhaseverwhollylivedhisminstrelsy，Laniercamesonearitthatwemayfairlysay，intheclosinglinesofthepoem，\"Hissongwasonlylivingaloud，Hiswork，asingingwithhishand。\"
And，formypart，Iamasgratefulforhisnobleprivatelifeasforhisdistinguishedpublicwork。
——
*`TheSymphony’，l。302。
——
AndyetIwillnotclosewiththispictureoftheman;formypurposeisrathertopresentthepoet。Hamperedthoughhewasbyfewnessofyears，byfeeblenessofbody，byshortnessofbread，and，mostofallperhaps，byover-luxurianceofimagination，Lanierwasyet，tomymind，indisputablyagreatpoet。ForintechniquehewasakintoTennyson;*
intheloveofbeautyandinlyricsweetness，toKeatsandShelley;
intheloveofnature，toWordsworth;andinspirituality，toRuskin，thegistofwhoseteachingisthatwearesoulstemporarilyhavingbodies;
toMilton，\"God-giftedorgan-voiceofEngland\";andtoBrowning，\"subtlestassertorofthesoulinsong\"。Tobesure，Lanier’sgeniusisnotequaltothatofanyoneofthepoetsmentioned，butIventuretobelievethatitisofthesameorder，and，therefore，deservingoflastingremembrance。
——
*Mr。Thayerputsitstronger：\"AsamasterofmelodiousmetreonlyTennyson，andhenotoften，hasequalledLanier。\"Mr。F。F。Browne，Editorof`TheDial’（Chicago），comparesthetwopoetsinanotheraspect：
\"`TheSymphony’ofLaniermayrecallsomepartsof`Maud’;
buttheyoungerpoet’streatmentisasmuchhisownastheelder’sishisown。ThecomparisonofLanierwithTennysonwill，indeed，onlydeepentheimpressionofhisoriginality，whichishismoststrikingquality。ItmaybedoubtedifanyEnglishpoetofourtime，exceptTennyson，hascasthisworkinanamplermould，orwroughtwithmoreoffreedom，orstampedhisproductwiththeimpressofastrongerpersonality。Histhought，hisstand-point，hisexpression，hisform，histreatment，arehisalone;andthroughthemallhejustifieshisrighttothetitleofpoet。\"
——
PoemsLifeandSongIflifewerecaughtbyaclarionet，[1]
Andawildheart，throbbinginthereed，Shouldthrillitsjoyandtrillitsfret，Andutteritsheartineverydeed，ThenwouldthisbreathingclarionetTypewhatthepoetfainwouldbe;
Fornoneo’thesingerseveryetHaswhollylivedhisminstrelsy，Orclearlysunghistrue，truethought，Orutterlybodiedforthhislife，Oroutoflifeandsonghaswrought[11]
Theperfectoneofmanandwife;
Orlivedandsung，thatLifeandSongMighteachexpresstheother’sall，CarelessiflifeorartwerelongSincebothwereone，tostandorfall：
Sothatthewonderstruckthecrowd，Whoshouteditabouttheland：
`Hissongwasonlylivingaloud，Hiswork，asingingwithhishand！’
____
1868。
Notes：LifeandSong`LifeandSong’isthefifthofaseriesofsevenpoemspublishedunderthegeneralheadingof`Street-cries’，withthetwostanzasfollowingasanintroduction：
\"OftseemstheTimeamarket-townWheremanymerchant-spiritsmeetWhoupanddownandupanddownCryoutalongthestreet\"Theirneeds，aswares;oneTHUS，oneSO：
Tillallthewaysarefullofsound：
——Butstillcomerain，andsun，andsnow，Andstilltheworldgoesround。\"
Theremainingnumbersoftheseriesare：1。`Remonstrance’，giveninthisvolume;2。`TheShipofEarth’;3。`HowLoveLookedforHell’;
4。`Tyranny’;6。`ToRichardWagner’;7。`ASongofLove’。
IcanthinkofnomorehelpfulcommentonthesubjectofourpoemthanthissentencefromMilton’s`ApologyforSmectymnuus’，alreadyalludedtointhe`Introduction’（p。liv[PartVI]）：
\"Andlongitwasnotafter，whenIwasconfirmedinthisopinion，thathewhowouldnotbefrustrateofhishopetowritewellhereafterinlaudablethings，oughthimselftobeatruepoem;thatis，acompositionandpatternofthebestandhonorablestthings;
notpresumingtosinghighpraisesofheroicmenorfamouscities，unlesshehaveinhimselftheexperienceandthepracticeofallthatwhichispraiseworthy。\"
Lines19-20。IhavebeenpleasedtodiscoverthattheapplicationIhavemadeofthispoem，especiallyoftheselines（see`Introduction’，p。liv[PartVI]），islikewisemadebymoststudentsofLanier’slife，andthatMrs。Lanierhaschosenthesetwolinesforinscriptiononthemonumenttobeerectedtohismemory。
Onthereversesideofthestone，Imayadd，aretobeputthesewords：
\"HethatdwellethinlovedwellethinGod\"（IJohniv。16）。
Jones’sPrivateArgymentThatairsameJones，whichlivedinJones，[1]
Hehadthispintabouthim：
He’dswearwithahundredsighsandgroans，ThatfarmersMUSTstopgittin’loans，Andgitalongwithout’em：
Thatbankers，warehousemen，andsichWasfatt’nin’ontheplanter，AndTennessywasrotten-richA-raisin’meatandcorn，allwhichDraw’dmoneytoAtlanta：
Andtheonlything（saysJones）todo[11]
Is，eatnomeatthat’sboughten：
BUTTEARUPEVERYI，O，U，ANDPLANTALLCORNANDSWEARFORTRUE
TOQUITA-RAISIN’COTTON！
ThusspoutedJones（wharfolkscouldhear，——AtCourtandothergatherin’s），Andthuskep’spoutin’manyayear，Proclaimin’loudlyfarandnearSichfiddlesticksandblatherin’s。
But，oneall-firedsweatin’day，[21]
IthappenedIwashoein’
Mylowercorn-field，whichitlay’LongsidetheroadthatrunsmywayWharIcanseewhat’sgoin’。
Anda’tertwelveo’clockhadcomeIfeltakinderfaggin’，Andlaidmyselfun’neathaplumToletmydinnersettlesum，When’longcomeJones’swaggin，AndJoneswassettin’init，SO：[31]
A-readin’ofapaper。
Hismuleswasgoin’powerfulslow，FurhehadtiedthelinesontoThestapleofthescraper。
ThemulestheystoppedaboutarodFromme，andwenttofeedin’
’Longsidetheroad，uponthesod，ButJones（whichhehadtuckatod）
Notknowin’，kepta-readin’。
Andpresentlysayshe：\"Hit’strue;[41]
ThatClisby’sheadislevel。
Thar’sonethingfarmersallmustdo，Tokeepthemselvesfromgoin’tewBankruptcyandthedevil！
\"Morecorn！morecorn！MUSTplantlessground，AndMUSTN’Teatwhat’sboughten！
Nextyearthey’lldoit：reasonin’ssound：
（And，cottonwillfetch’boutadollarapound），THARFORE，I’LLplantALLcotton！\"
____
Macon，Ga。，1870。
Notes：Jones’sPrivateArgymentThethemesofthispoem，therelativeclaimsofcornandcottonupontheattentionofthefarmerandthedisastrousresultsofspeculation，aretreatedindirectlyin`Thar’sMoreintheManThanTharIsintheLand’，anddirectlyandwithconsummateartin`Corn’。
1。\"ThatairsameJones\"appearsin`Thar’sMore’，etc。，writtenin1869，inwhichwearetold：
\"Andhelivedprettymuchbygittin’ofloans，Andhismuleswasnuthin’butskinandbones，Andhishogswasflatashiscorn-breadpones，Andhehad’boutathousandacreso’land。\"
HesellshisfarmtoBrownatadollarandfiftycentsanacreandgoestoTexas。Brownimprovesthefarm，and，afterfiveyears，issittingdowntoabigdinnerwhenJonesisdiscoveredstandingoutbythefence，withoutwagonormules，\"furhehadleftTexasafootandcumtoGeorgytoseeifhecouldn’tgitsomeemployment。\"
BrowninvitesJonesintodinner，butcannotrefrainfromtheinference-drawingthatnamesthepoem。——\"WhichlivedinJones，\"
\"whichJonesisacountyofredhillsandstones\"（`Thar’sMore’，etc。）
incentralGeorgia。
13。Readersof`DavidCopperfield’willrecallMicawber’sfrequentuseof`I-O-U-’s’。
47。\"Clisby’shead\"referstoMr。JosephClisby，theneditoroftheMacon（Ga。）`TelegraphandMessenger’，whohadwritteneditorialsfavoringtheplantingofmorecorn。
CornTo-daythewoodsaretremblingthroughandthrough[1]
Withshimmeringforms，thatflashbeforemyview，Thenmeltingreenasdawn-starsmeltinblue。
TheleavesthatwaveagainstmycheekcaressLikewomen’shands;theembracingboughsexpressAsubtletyofmightytenderness;
Thecopse-depthsintolittlenoisesstart，Thatsoundanonlikebeatingsofaheart，Anonliketalk’twixtlipsnotfarapart。
Thebeechdreamsbalm，asadreamerhumsasong;
Throughthatvaguewafture，expirationsstrong[11]
ThrobfromyounghickoriesbreathingdeepandlongWithstressandurgenceboldofprisonedspringAndecstasyofburgeoning。
Now，sincethedew-plashedroadofmornisdry，ForthventureodorsofmorequalityAndheavenliergiving。LikeJove’slocksawry，LongmuscadinesRich-wreathethespaciousforeheadsofgreatpines，Andbreatheambrosialpassionfromtheirvines。
Ipraywithmosses，ferns，andflowersshy[21]
ThathidelikegentlenunsfromhumaneyeToliftadoringperfumestothesky。
Ihearfaintbridal-sighsofbrownandgreenDyingtosilenthintsofkisseskeenAsfarlightsfringeintoapleasantsheen。
Istartatfragmentarywhispers，blownFromundertalksofleafysoulsunknown，Vaguepurportssweet，ofinarticulatetone。
Dreamingofgods，men，nuns，andbrides，betweenOldcompaniesofoaksthatinwardlean[31]
TojointheirradiantamplitudesofgreenIslowlymove，withranginglooksthatpassUpfromthemattedmiraclesofgrassIntoyonveinedcomplexofspaceWhereskyandleafageinterlaceSoclose，theheavenofblueisseenInwovenwithaheavenofgreen。
Iwandertothezigzag-corneredfenceWheresassafras，intrenchedinbramblesdense，Contestswithstolidvehemence[41]
Themarchofculture，settinglimbandthornAspikesagainstthearmyofthecorn。
There，whileIpause，myfieldward-faringeyesTakeharvests，wherethestatelycorn-ranksrise，OfinwarddignitiesAndlargebenignitiesandinsightswise，Gracesandmodestmajesties。
Thus，withouttheft，Ireapanother’sfield;
Thus，withouttilth，Ihouseawondrousyield，Andheapmyheartwithquintuplecropsconcealed。[51]
Look，outoflineonetallcorn-captainstandsAdvancedbeyondtheforemostofhisbands，AndwaveshisbladesupontheveryedgeAndhottestthicketofthebattlinghedge。
Thoulustrousstalk，thatne’ermaystwalknortalk，Stillshaltthoutypethepoet-soulsublimeThatleadsthevanwardofhistimidtimeAndsingsupcowardswithcommandingrhyme——
Soulcalm，likethee，yetfain，likethee，togrowBydoubleincrement，above，below;[61]
Soulhomely，asthouart，yetrichingracelikethee，TeachingtheyeomenselflesschivalryThatmovesingentlecurvesofcourtesy;
Soulfilledlikethylongveinswithsweetnesstense，ByeverygodlikesenseTransmutedfromthefourwildelements。
Drawntohighplans，Thoulift’stmorestaturethanamortalman’s，YeteverpiercestdownwardinthemouldAndkeepesthold[71]
UponthereverendandsteadfastearthThatgavetheebirth;
Yea，standestsmilinginthyfuturegrave，Sereneandbrave，WithunremittingbreathInhalinglifefromdeath，Thineepitaphwritfairinfruitageeloquent，Thyselfthymonument。
Aspoetsshould，Thouhastbuiltupthyhardihood[81]
Withuniversalfood，DrawninselectproportionfairFromhonestmouldandvagabondair;
Fromdarknessofthedreadfulnight，Andjoyfullight;
Fromantiqueashes，whosedepartedflameIntheehasfinerlifeandlongerfame;
Fromwoundsandbalms，Fromstormsandcalms，Frompotsherdsanddrybones[91]
Andruin-stones。
IntothyvigoroussubstancethouhastwroughtWhate’erthehandofCircumstancehathbrought;
Yea，intocoolsolacinggreenhastspunWhiteradiancehotfromoutthesun。
SothoudostmutuallyleavenStrengthofearthwithgraceofheaven;
SothoudostmarrynewandoldIntoaoneofhighermould;
Sothoudostreconcilethehotandcold，[101]
Thedarkandbright，Andmanyaheart-perplexingopposite，Andso，Akinbybloodtohighandlow，Fitlythouplayestoutthypoet’spart，Richlyexpendingthymuch-bruisedheartInequalcaretonourishlordinhallOrbeastinstall：
Thoutook’stfromallthatthoumightstgivetoall。
Osteadfastdwellerontheselfsamespot[111]
Wherethouwastborn，thatstillrepinestnot——
Typeofthehome-fondheart，thehappylot！——
DeeplythymildcontentrebukesthelandWhoseflimsyhomes，builtontheshiftingsandOftrade，foreverriseandfallWithalternationwhimsical，Enduringscarceaday，ThensweptawayByswiftengulfmentsofincalculabletidesWhereoncapriciousCommercerides。[121]
Look，thousubstantialspiritofcontent！
Acrossthislittlevale，thycontinent，Towhere，beyondthemoulderingmill，YonolddesertedGeorgianhillBarestothesunhispiteousagedcrestAndseamybreast，Byrestless-heartedchildrenlefttolieUntendedtherebeneaththeheedlesssky，Asbarbarousfolkexposetheiroldtodie。
Uponthatgenerous-roundingside，[131]
WithgulliesscarifiedWherekeenNeglecthislashhathplied，DweltoneIknewofold，whoplayedattoil，AndgavetocoquetteCottonsoulandsoil。
Scorningtheslowrewardofpatientgrain，Hesowedhisheartwithhopesofswiftergain，Thensathimdownandwaitedfortherain。
Hesailedinborrowedshipsofusury——
AfoolishJasononatreacheroussea，SeekingtheFleeceandfindingmisery。[141]
Lulledbysmooth-ripplingloans，inidletranceHelay，contentthatunthriftCircumstanceShouldploughforhimthestonyfieldofChance。
Yea，gatheringcropswhoseworthnomanmighttell，HestakedhislifeongamesofBuy-and-Sell，Andturnedeachfieldintoagambler’shell。
Aye，aseachyearbegan，Myfarmertotheneighboringcityran;
PassedwithamournfulanxiousfaceIntothebanker’sinnerplace;[151]
Parleyed，excused，pleadedforlongergrace;
Railedatthedrought，theworm，therust，thegrass;
Protestedne’eragain’twouldcometopass;
Withmanyan`oh’and`if’and`butalas’
Parriedorswallowedsearchingquestionsrude，AndkissedthedusttosoftenDives’smood。
Atlast，smallloansbypledgesgreatrenewed，Heissuessmilingfromthefataldoor，AndbuyswithlavishhandhisyearlystoreTillhissmallborrowingswillyieldnomore。[161]
Aye，aseachyeardeclined，Withbitterheartandever-broodingmindHemournedhisfateunkind。
Indust，inrain，withmightandmain，Henursedhiscotton，cursedhisgrain，Frettedfornewsthatmadehimfretagain，SnatchedateachtelegramofFutureSale，AndthrilledwithBulls’orBears’alternatewail——
Inhopeorfearalikeforeverpale。
Andthusfromyeartoyear，throughhopeandfear，[171]
Withmanyacurseandmanyasecrettear，Strivinginvainhiscloudofdebttoclear，AtlastHewoketofindhisfoolishdreamingpast，Andallhisbest-of-lifetheeasypreyOfsquanderingscampsandquacksthatlinedhiswayWithvilearray，Fromrascalstatesmandowntopettyknave;
Himself，atbest，forallhisbraggingbrave，Agamester’scatspawandabanker’sslave。[181]
Then，wornandgray，andsickwithdeepunrest，HefledawayintotheobliviousWest，Unmourned，unblest。
Oldhill！oldhill！thougashedandhairyLearWhomthedivineCordeliaoftheyear，E’enpityingSpring，willvainlystrivetocheer——
King，thatnosubjectmannorbeastmayown，Discrowned，undaughteredandalone——
YetshallthegreatGodturnthyfate，Andbringtheebackintothymonarchstate[191]
Andmajestyimmaculate。
Lo，throughhotwaveringsoftheAugustmorn，ThougivestfromthyvastysidesforlornVisionsofgoldentreasuriesofcorn——
RipelargesselingeringforsomebolderheartThatmanfullyshalltakethypart，Andtendthee，Anddefendthee，Withantiquesinewandwithmodernart。
____
Sunnyside，Ga。，August，1874。
Notes：CornAsstatedelsewhere（`Introduction’，p。xvii[PartI]），`Corn’wasthefirstofLanier’spoemstoattractgeneralattention;
forthisreasonaswellasforitsabsolutemeritthepoemdeservescarefulstudy。
InthefirstofhisletterstotheHon。LoganE。Bleckley，Chief-justiceofGeorgia，datedOctober9，1874，Laniertellsushowhecametowrite`Corn’：\"IencloseMS。ofapoeminwhichIhaveendeavoredtocarrysomeveryprosaicmattersuptoaloftierplane。IhavebeenstruckwithalarminseeingthenumbersofdesertedoldhomesteadsandgulliedhillsintheoldercountiesofGeorgia：and，thoughtheyaredreadfullycommonplace，Ihavethoughttheyaresurelymournfulenoughtobepoetic。\"
Intheintroductorynoteto`Jones’sPrivateArgyment’
Ihaveincidentallystatedthethemeof`Corn’。Insteadofaddingamoredetailedstatementofmyownhere，IgiveJudgeBleckley’sanalysisofthepoem，whichoccursinhisreplytotheabove-mentionedletter。
Aftergivingvariousminutecriticism（forLanierhadrequestedhisunreservedjudgment），JudgeBleckleycontinues：
\"Now，forthegeneralimpressionwhichyourOdehasmadeuponme。
Itpresentsfourpictures;threeofthemlandscapesandoneaportrait。
Youpaintthewoods，acorn-field，andaworn-outhill。
Theseareyourlandscapes。Andyourportraitisthelikenessofananxious，unthriftycotton-planterwhoalwaysspendshiscropbeforehehasmadeit，borrowsonheavyinteresttocarryhimselfoverfromyeartoyear，wearsouthisland，meetsatlastwithutterruin，andmigratestotheWest。
Yoursecondlandscapeisturnedintoavegetableperson，andyougiveitsportraitwithmanytouchesofmarvelandmysteryinvegetablelife。YourthirdlandscapetakesforaninstanttheformandtragicstateofKingLear;youthusmakeitseizeonoursympathiesasifitwerearealperson，andyouthenrestoreittotheinanimate，andcontemplateitspossiblebeneficenceinthedistantfuture。\"
Acomparisonofthefirstdraftof`Corn’，assentJudgeBleckley，withthefinalformshowsthatLaniermademanyminutechangesinthepoem，especiallyintheearlierpart。Stillthisearlierdraftagreessubstantiallywiththelater，andwassofineinconceptionandexecutionastocallforththiscommendationofJudgeBleckley，which，despitetheshortcomingsof`Corn’，maywithgreaterjusticebeappliedtothepoeminitspresentform：\"AsanartistyouseemtobeItalianinthefirsttwopictures，andDutchorFlemishinthelattertwo。
InyourItalianveinyoupaintwiththeutmostdelicacyandfinish。
Thedrawingisscrupulouslycorrectandthecolorsoftandharmonious。
WhenyoupaintinDutchorFlemishyouareclearandstrong，butsometimeshard。Thereislessidealizationandmoreoftherealisticelement——yourSOLIDSpredominateoveryourfluids。\"
Asalreadystated，Lanierhastwootherpoemsthatindirectlytreatthethemeof`Corn’，namely，`Thar’sMoreintheMan’and`Jones’sPrivateArgyment’。
Moreover，hehas`TheWavingoftheCorn’，which，thoughcharming，isneithersoelaboratenorartisticas`Corn’。
Amongpoemsoncornbyotherwritersmaybementionedthefollowing：
1。Whittier’s`TheCorn-song’（before1872），apoemofpraiseandthanksgivingattheendof`TheHuskers’，whichtellsofthegatheringofthecornandofthe\"corn-husking\"，knownintheSouthasthe\"corn-shucking\"。
2。Woolson’s（ConstanceF。）`CornFields’，adescriptionofOhiofields，in`Harper’sMonthly’，45，444，Aug。，1872。
3。Thompson’s（Maurice）`DroppingCorn’（1877），adaintylovelyric，in`Poems’（Boston，1892），p。78。
4。Cromwell’s（S。C。）`Corn-shuckingSong’，adialectpoem，in`Harper’，69，807，Oct。，1884。
5。Coleman’s（C。W。）`Corn’，in`TheAtlanticMonthly’，70，228，Aug。，1892，which，sinceitconsistsofbutfourlinesandismorelikeLanier’spoemthanaretheothers，maybequoted：
\"DrawnupinserriedranksacrossthefieldsThat，aswegaze，seemevertoincrease，Withtasseledflagsandsun-emblazonedshields，Thegloriousarmyofearth’sperfectpeace。\"
6。Hayne’s（W。H。）`AmidtheCorn’，acharmingaccountofthedenizensofthecorn-fields，inhis`SylvanLyrics’（NewYork，1893），p。12。
7。Dumas’s（W。T。）`Corn-shucking’and`TheLastEarofCorn’，bothlife-likepicturesofplantationlife，inhis`TheGoldenDayandMiscellaneousPoems’（Phila。，1893）。
Otherinterestingarticlesare：`Mondamin，ortheOriginofIndianCorn’，in`TheSouthernLiteraryMessenger’（Richmond，Va。），29，12-13，July，1859;
`AGeorgiaCorn-shucking’，byD。C。Barrow，Jr。，in`TheCenturyMagazine’
（NewYork），2，873-878，Oct。，1882;and`OldAmericanCustoms：ACorn-party’，anaccountofacorn-huskinginNewYork，in`TheSaturdayReview’（London），66，237-238，Aug。25，1888。
4-9。See`Introduction’，p。xxxii[PartIII]，andcompare`TheSymphony’，ll。183-190。
18。PaulHamiltonHayne，whoseloveofnaturerivalsLanier’s，hasaninterestingpoementitled`Muscadines’（`Poems’，Boston，1882，pp。222-224）。
21。Compare`TheSymphony’，l。117ff。
57。See`Introduction’，p。l[PartV]。
125。Inherintroductorynoteto`Corn’Mrs。Lanierthuslocalizesthepoem：
\"His`fieldward-faringeyestookharvest’`amongthestatelycorn-ranks，’
inaportionofmiddleGeorgiasixtymilestothenorthofMacon。
ItisahightractofcountryfromwhichonelooksacrossthelowerreachestothedistantBlueRidgeMountains，whosewholesomebreath，allunobstructed，hereblendswiththewoods-odorsofthebeech，thehickory，andthemuscadine：apartofarangerecalledelsewherebyMr。Lanieras`thatamplestretchofgeneroussoil，wheretheAppalachianruggednessescalmthemselvesintopleasanthillsbeforedyingquiteawayintothesea-boardlevels’——where`amancanfindsuchtemperancesofheavenandearth——enoughofstrugglewithnaturetodrawoutmanhood，withenoughofbountytosanctionthestruggle——
thatamoreexquisiteco-adaptationofallblessedcircumstancesforman’slifeneednotbesought。’\"
140。See`Jason’inanyDictionaryofMythology。*
——
*Gayley’s`TheClassicMythsinEnglishLiterature’（Boston，Ginn&Co。）
isanexcellentbook。
——
157。`Dives’：SeeAppendixtoWebster’s`InternationalDictionary’。
168。`FutureSale’——saleforfuturedelivery。
185-6。SeeShakespeare’s`KingLear’。
MySpringsIntheheartoftheHillsofLife，Iknow[1]
TwospringsthatwithunbrokenflowForeverpourtheirlucentstreamsIntomysoul’sfarLakeofDreams。
Notlargerthantwoeyes，theylieBeneaththemany-changingskyAndmirroralloflifeandtime，——Sereneanddaintypantomime。
Shotthroughwithlightsofstarsanddawns，Andshadowedsweetbyfernsandfawns，——Thusheavenandearthtogethervie[11]
Theirshiningdepthstosanctify。
AlwayswhenthelargeFormofLoveIshidbystormsthatrageabove，IgazeinmytwospringsandseeLoveinhisveryverity。
AlwayswhenFaithwithstiflingstressOfgriefhathdiedinbitterness，IgazeinmytwospringsandseeAFaiththatsmilesimmortally。
AlwayswhenCharityandHope，[21]
Indarknessbounden，feeblygrope，IgazeinmytwospringsandseeALightthatsetsmycaptivesfree。
Always，whenArtonperversewingFlieswhereIcannothearhimsing，IgazeinmytwospringsandseeAcharmthatbringshimbacktome。
WhenLaborfaints，andGloryfails，AndcoyRewardinsighsexhales，Igazeinmytwospringsandsee[31]
Attainmentfullandheavenly。
OLove，OWife，thineeyesarethey，——MyspringsfromoutwhoseshininggrayIssuethesweetcelestialstreamsThatfeedmylife’sbrightLakeofDreams。
Ovalandlargeandpassion-pureAndgrayandwiseandhonor-sure;
Softasadyingviolet-breathYetcalmlyunafraidofdeath;
Thronged，liketwodove-cotesofgraydoves，[41]
Withwife’sandmother’sandpoor-folk’sloves，Andhome-lovesandhighglory-lovesAndscience-lovesandstory-loves，AndlovesforallthatGodandmanInartandnaturemakeorplan，Andlady-lovesforspiderylaceAndbroideriesandsupplegraceAnddiamondsandthewholesweetroundOflittlesthatlargelifecompound，AndlovesforGodandGod’sbaretruth，[51]
AndlovesforMagdalenandRuth，Deareyes，deareyesandrarecomplete——
Beingheavenly-sweetandearthly-sweet，——ImarvelthatGodmadeyoumine，ForwhenHefrowns，’tisthenyeshine！
____
Baltimore，1874。
Notes：MySpringsFormyappreciationofthistributetothepoet’swifesee`Introduction’，p。xxxv[PartIII]。Mr。Lanier’sestimateisgiveninaletterofMarch，1874，quotedinMrs。Lanier’sintroductorynote：
\"Ofcourse，sinceIhavewrittenittoprintIcannotmakeitsuchas_I_desireinartisticdesign：fortheformsofto-dayrequireacertaintrimsmugnessandclean-shavenproprietyinthefaceanddressofapoem，andImustwinahearingbyconforminginsomedegreetothesetyrannies，withaviewtooverturningtheminthefuture。Writtenso，itisnotnearlysobeautifulasIwouldhaveit;andIthereforehaveanotherstillinmyheart，whichIwillsomedaywriteformyself。\"
Othertributestohiswifeare：`InAbsence’，`Acknowledgment’，`LausMariae’，`SpecialPleading’，`EveningSong’，`ThouandI’，`OneinTwo’，and`TwoinOne’;whilesheisreferredtoin`TheHardTimesinElfland’and`JuneDreamsinJanuary’。
Itwillbeinterestingtocompare`MySprings’withotherpoemsontheeyes。
Amongthemostnoteworthy*maybecitedShakespeare’s\"Andthoseeyes，thebreakofday，Lightsthatdomisleadthemorn;\"
Lodge’s\"Hereyesaresapphiressetinsnow，Resemblingheavenbyeverywink;
TheGodsdofearwhenastheyglow，AndIdotremblewhenIthink，Heighho，wouldsheweremine！\"
Jonson’s\"DrinktomeonlywiththineeyesAndIwillpledgewithmine，\"etc。;
Herrick’s\"Sweet，benotproudofthosetwoeyesWhichstarlikesparkleintheirskies;\"
ThomasStanley’s\"Ohturnawaythosecrueleyes，Thestarsofmyundoing;
OrdeathinsuchabrightdisguiseMaytemptasecondwooing;\"
Byron’s\"Shewalksinbeauty，likethenight，Ofcloudlessclimesandstarryskies;
Andallthat’sbestofdarkandbrightMeetinheraspectandhereyes;
ThusmellowedtothattenderlightWhichheaventogaudydaydenies;\"
H。Coleridge’s\"Sheisnotfairtooutwardview，Asmanymaidensbe;
HerlovelinessIneverknewUntilshesmiledonme。
OthenIsawhereyewasbright，Awelloflove，aspringoflight。
\"Butnowherlooksarecoyandcold，Tominetheyne’erreply，AndyetIceasenottobeholdThelove-lightinhereye：
HerveryfrownsarefairerfarThansmilesofothermaidensare;\"
andWordsworth’s\"Hereyesarestarsoftwilightfair。\"
——
*ThesemaybefoundeitherinGosse’s`EnglishLyrics’（D。Appleton&Co。，NewYork）orinPalgrave’s`GoldenTreasuryofSongsandLyrics’
（Macmillan&Co。，NewYork）。
——
49-50。See`Introduction’，p。xlv[PartIV]。
52。ThereisinearlyEnglishliteratureamostinterestingplayentitled`MaryMagdalene’：seePollard’s`EnglishMiraclePlays’（NewYork），whereextractsaregiven。
55-56。See`Introduction’，p。xlvi[PartIV]。
TheSymphony\"OTrade！OTrade！wouldthouwertdead！[1]
TheTimeneedsheart——’tistiredofhead：
We’reallforlove，\"theviolinssaid。
\"OfwhatavailtherigoroustaleOfbillforcoinandboxforbale？
Grantthee，OTrade！thineuttermosthope：
Levelredgoldwithbluesky-slope，Andbaseitdeepasdevilsgrope：
Whenall’sdone，whathastthouwonOftheonlysweetthat’sunderthesun？
Ay，canstthoubuyasinglesigh[11]
Oftruelove’sleast，leastecstasy？\"
Then，withabridegroom’sheart-beatstrembling，AllthemightierstringsassemblingRangedthemontheviolins’sideAswhenthebridegroomleadsthebride，And，heartinvoice，togethercried：
\"Yea，whatavailtheendlesstaleOfgainbycunningandplusbysale？
Lookuptheland，lookdowntheland，Thepoor，thepoor，thepoor，theystand[21]
WedgedbythepressingofTrade’shandAgainstaninward-openingdoorThatpressuretightensevermore：
Theysighamonstrousfoul-airsighFortheoutsideleaguesofliberty，WhereArt，sweetlark，translatestheskyIntoaheavenlymelody。
`Eachday，allday’（thesepoorfolkssay），`Inthesameoldyear-long，drear-longway，Weweaveinthemillsandheaveinthekilns，[31]
Wesievemine-meshesunderthehills，AndthievemuchgoldfromtheDevil’sbanktills，Torelieve，OGod，whatmannerofills？——
Thebeasts，theyhunger，andeat，anddie;
Andsodowe，andtheworld’sasty;
Hush，fellow-swine：whynuzzleandcry？
\"Swinehoodhathnoremedy\"
Saymanymen，andhastenby，Clampingthenoseandblinkingtheeye。
Butwhosaidonce，inthelordlytone，[41]
\"ManshallnotlivebybreadaloneButallthatcomethfromtheThrone？\"
HathGodsaidso？
ButTradesaith\"No\"：
Andthekilnsandthecurt-tonguedmillssay\"Go：
There’splentythatcan，ifyoucan’t：weknow。
Moveout，ifyouthinkyou’reunderpaid。
Thepoorareprolific;we’renotafraid;
Tradeistrade。\"’\"
Thereatthispassionateprotesting[51]
Meeklychanged，andsoftenedtillItsanktosadrequestingAndsuggestingsadderstill：
\"Andoh，ifmenmightsometimeseeHowpiteous-falsethepoordecreeThattradenomorethantrademustbe！
Doesbusinessmean，\"Die，you——live，I\"？
Then`Tradeistrade’butsingsalie：
’Tisonlywargrownmiserly。
Ifbusinessisbattle，nameitso：[61]
War-crimeslesswillshameitso，Andwidowslesswillblameitso。
Alas，forthepoortohavesomepartInyonsweetlivinglandsofArt，Makesproblemnotforhead，butheart。
VainlymightPlato’sbrainrevolveit：
Plainlytheheartofachildcouldsolveit。\"
Andthen，aswhenfromwordsthatseembutrudeWepasstosilentpainthatsitsabroodBackinourheart’sgreatdarkandsolitude，[71]
SosankthestringstogentlethrobbingOflongchordschange-markedwithsobbing——
Motherlysobbing，notdistinctlierheardThanhalfwing-openingsofthesleepingbird，Somedreamofdangertoheryounghathstirred。
Thenstirringanddemurringceased，andlo！
Everyleastrippleofthestrings’song-flowDiedtoalevelwitheachlevelbowAndmadeagreatchordtranquil-surfacedso，Asabrookbeneathhiscurvingbankdothgo[81]
TolingerinthesacreddarkandgreenWheremanyboughsthestillpooloverleanAndmanyleavesmakeshadowwiththeirsheen。
ButpresentlyAvelvetflute-notefelldownpleasantlyUponthebosomofthatharmony，Andsailedandsailedincessantly，Asifapetalfromawild-roseblownHadfluttereddownuponthatpooloftoneAndboatwisedroppedo’theconvexside[91]