第4章

Notabreath’stimeforasking;aneye-glancerevealsallthetaleuntold。[61]

TheyfollowmadHamishafarupthecragtowardthesea,Andtheladycries:\"Clansmen,runforafee!——

YoncastleandlandstothetwofirsthandsthatshallhookhimandholdFastHamishbackfromthebrink!\"——andevershefliesupthesteep,Andtheclansmenpant,andtheysweat,andtheyjostleandstrain。

But,mother,’tisvain;but,father,’tisvain;

SternHamishstandsboldonthebrink,anddanglesthechildo’erthedeep。

Nowafaintnessfallsonthementhatrun,andtheyallstandstill。

AndthewifepraysHamishasifhewereGod,onherknees,Crying:\"Hamish!OHamish!butplease,butplease[71]

Fortosparehim!\"andHamishstilldanglesthechild,withawaveringwill。

Onasuddenheturns;withasea-hawkscream,andagibe,andasong,Cries:\"So;Iwillspareyethechildif,insightofyeall,TenblowsonMaclean’sbarebackshallfall,Andyereckonnostrokeifthebloodfollownotatthebiteofthethong!\"

ThenMacleanhesethardlyhistoothtohislipthathistoothwasred,Breathedshortforaspace,said:\"Nay,butitnevershallbe!

Letmehurloffthedamnablehoundinthesea!\"

Butthewife:\"CanHamishgofishusthechildfromthesea,ifdead?

\"Sayyea!——LetthemlashME,Hamish?\"——\"Nay!\"——

\"Husband,thelashingwillheal;[81]

But,oh,whowillhealmethebonnysweetbairninhisgrave?

Couldyecurememyheartwiththedeathofaknave?

Quick!Love!Iwillbarethee——so——kneel!\"ThenMaclean’ganslowlytokneelWithneveraword,tillpresentlydownwardhejerkedtotheearth。

Thenthehenchman——hethatsmoteHamish——wouldtrembleandlag;

\"Strike,hard!\"quothHamish,fullstern,fromthecrag;

Thenhestruckhim,and\"One!\"sangHamish,anddancedwiththechildinhismirth。

AndnomanspakebesideHamish;hecountedeachstrokewithasong。

Whenthelaststrokefell,thenhemovedhimapacedowntheheight,Andheheldforththechildintheheartachingsight[91]

Ofthemother,andlookedallpitifulgrave,asrepentingawrong。

Andthereasthemotherlyarmsstretchedoutwiththethanksgivingprayer——

Andthereasthemothercreptupwithafearfulswiftpace,Tillherfingernighfeltofthebairnie’sface——

InaflashfierceHamishturnedroundandliftedthechildintheair,Andsprangwiththechildinhisarmsfromthehorribleheightinthesea,Shrillscreeching,\"Revenge!\"inthewind-rush;andpallidMaclean,Age-feeblewithangerandimpotentpain,Crawleduponthecrag,andlayflat,andlockedholdofdeadrootsofatree——

Andgazedhungrilyo’er,andthebloodfromhisbackdrip-drippedinthebrine,[101]

Andasea-hawkflungdownaskeletonfishasheflew,Andthemotherstaredwhiteonthewasteofblue,Andthewinddroveacloudtoseaward,andthesunbegantoshine。

____

Baltimore,1878。

Notes:TheRevengeofHamishForanappreciationofthisfinepoemsee`Introduction’,pp。xlv,xlvii[PartIV],Mr。J。R。Tait,afriendwithwhomMr。Lanierdiscussed`TheRevengeofHamish’,kindlywritesmethattheauthortooktheplotfromWilliamBlack’snovel,`MacleodofDare’。

Inchapteriii。Macleod,ofCastleDare,Mull,tellsthestorytohisLondonentertainer;but,asthestoryofthenovelisidenticalwiththatofthepoem,itneednotbegivenhere。

Thenovel,Ishouldadd,givesthenameofthechieftainonly,though,asithasaHamishinanotherconnection,itdoubtlessgaveLanierthisnameforthehenchman。PrevioustothereceptionofMr。Tait’sletterIsupposedthatLanierhadborrowedhisplotfromapoembyCharlesMackay,`Maclaine’sChild,ALegendofLochbuy,Mull’,whichinplotisidenticalwithLanier’spoem,exceptthattheformerbeginswiththespeechofthefloggedhenchman,herenamedEvan,andendsbytellingusthatthebodieswerefoundandthatofEvanwashangedonagallows-tree。Thepoemistoolongforquotation,butmaybefoundinanyeditionofMackayorinGarrett’s`OneHundredChoiceSelections:

NumberNine’(Phila。,1887)。

17。TheMacleans,forcenturiesoneofthemostpowerfulofScottishclans,havesincethefourteenthcenturylivedinMull,oneofthelargestoftheHebridesIslands。ThetwoleadingbranchesoftheclanweretheMacleansofDowartandtheMacleansofLochbuy,bothtakingtheirnamesfromtheseatsoftheircastles。TheLochbuyfamilynowspellsitsnameMacLAINE。ForadetailedhistoryoftheclanseeKeltie’s`HistoryoftheScottishHighlands,HighlandClans’,etc。

(London,1885)。InterestingbooksaboutMullandtheHebridesare:

Johnson’s`AJourneytotheHebrides’andRobertBuchanan’s`TheHebridIsles’

(London,1883)。Instructive,too,isCummin’s`AroundMull’

(`TheAtlanticMonthly’,16。11-19,167-176,July,August,1865)。

TheMarshesofGlynnGloomsofthelive-oaks,beautiful-braidedandwoven[1]

Withintricateshadesofthevinesthatmyriad-clovenClambertheforksofthemultiformboughs,——

Emeraldtwilights,——

Virginalshylights,Wroughtoftheleavestoalluretothewhisperofvows,WhenloverspacetimidlydownthroughthegreencolonnadesOfthedimsweetwoods,ofthedeardarkwoods,Oftheheavenlywoodsandglades,Thatruntotheradiantmarginalsand-beachwithinThewidesea-marshesofGlynn;——[11]

Beautifulglooms,softdusksinthenoon-dayfire,——

Wildwoodprivacies,closetsoflonedesire,Chamberfromchamberpartedwithwaveringarrasofleaves,——

Cellsforthepassionatepleasureofprayertothesoulthatgrieves,Purewithasenseofthepassingofsaintsthroughthewood,Coolforthedutifulweighingofillwithgood;——

Obraideddusksoftheoakandwovenshadesofthevine,Whiletheriotousnoon-daysunoftheJune-daylongdidshineYeheldmefastinyourheartandIheldyoufastinmine;

Butnowwhenthenoonisnomore,andriotisrest,[21]

Andthesunisa-waitattheponderousgateoftheWest,Andtheslantyellowbeamdownthewood-aisledothseemLikealaneintoheaventhatleadsfromadream,——

Ay,now,whenmysoulalldayhathdrunkenthesouloftheoak,Andmyheartisateasefrommen,andthewearisomesoundofthestrokeOfthescytheoftimeandthetroweloftradeislow,Andbeliefovermastersdoubt,andIknowthatIknow,Andmyspiritisgrowntoalordlygreatcompasswithin,ThatthelengthandthebreadthandthesweepofthemarshesofGlynnWillworkmenofearlikethefeartheyhavewroughtmeofyore[31]

Whenlengthwasfatigue,andwhenbreadthwasbutbitternesssore,AndwhenterrorandshrinkinganddrearyunnamablepainDrewovermeoutofthemercilessmilesoftheplain,——

Oh,now,unafraid,IamfaintofaceThevastsweetvisageofspace。

TotheedgeofthewoodIamdrawn,Iamdrawn,Wherethegraybeachglimmeringruns,asabeltofthedawn,ForameteandamarkTotheforest-dark:——

So:[41]

Affablelive-oak,leaninglow,——

Thus——withyourfavor——soft,withareverenthand,(Notlightlytouchingyourperson,Lordoftheland!)

Bendingyourbeautyaside,withastepIstandOnthefirm-packedsand,FreeByaworldofmarshthatbordersaworldofsea。

SinuoussouthwardandsinuousnorthwardtheshimmeringbandOfthesand-beachfastensthefringeofthemarshtothefoldsoftheland。

Inwardandoutwardtonorthwardandsouthwardthebeach-lineslingerandcurl[51]

Asasilver-wroughtgarmentthatclingstoandfollowsthefirmsweetlimbsofagirl。

Vanishing,swerving,evermorecurvingagainintosight,Softlythesand-beachwaversawaytoadimgrayloopingoflight。

Andwhatifbehindmetowestwardthewallofthewoodsstandshigh?

Theworldlieseast:howample,themarshandtheseaandthesky!

Aleagueandaleagueofmarsh-grass,waist-high,broadintheblade,Green,andallofaheight,andunfleckedwithalightorashade,Stretchleisurelyoff,inapleasantplain,Totheterminalblueofthemain。

Oh,whatisabroadinthemarshandtheterminalsea?[61]

SomehowmysoulseemssuddenlyfreeFromtheweighingoffateandthesaddiscussionofsin,BythelengthandthebreadthandthesweepofthemarshesofGlynn。

Yemarshes,howcandidandsimpleandnothing-withholdingandfreeYepublishyourselvestotheskyandofferyourselvestothesea!

Tolerantplains,thatsuffertheseaandtherainsandthesun,YespreadandspanlikethecatholicmanwhohathmightilywonGodoutofknowledgeandgoodoutofinfinitepainAndsightoutofblindnessandpurityoutofastain。

Asthemarsh-hensecretlybuildsonthewaterysod,[71]

BeholdIwillbuildmeanestonthegreatnessofGod:

IwillflyinthegreatnessofGodasthemarsh-henfliesInthefreedomthatfillsallthespace’twixtthemarshandtheskies:

Bysomanyrootsasthemarsh-grasssendsinthesodIwillheartilylaymea-holdonthegreatnessofGod:

Oh,liketothegreatnessofGodisthegreatnesswithinTherangeofthemarshes,theliberalmarshesofGlynn。

Andthesealendslarge,asthemarsh:lo,outofhisplentytheseaPoursfast:fullsoonthetimeoftheflood-tidemustbe:

Lookhowthegraceoftheseadothgo[81]

AboutandaboutthroughtheintricatechannelsthatflowHereandthere,Everywhere,Tillhiswatershavefloodedtheuttermostcreeksandthelow-lyinglanes,Andthemarshismeshedwithamillionveins,ThatlikeaswithrosyandsilveryessencesflowIntherose-and-silvereveningglow。

Farewell,mylordSun!

Thecreeksoverflow:athousandrivuletsrun’Twixttherootsofthesod;thebladesofthemarsh-grassstir;[91]

Passethahurryingsoundofwingsthatwestwardwhirr;

Passeth,andallisstill;andthecurrentsceasetorun;

Andtheseaandthemarshareone。

Howstilltheplainsofthewatersbe!

Thetideisinhisecstasy。

Thetideisathishighestheight:

Anditisnight。

AndnowfromtheVastoftheLordwillthewatersofsleepRollinonthesoulsofmen,Butwhowillrevealtoourwakingken[101]

TheformsthatswimandtheshapesthatcreepUnderthewatersofsleep?

AndIwouldIcouldknowwhatswimmethbelowwhenthetidecomesinOnthelengthandthebreadthofthemarvellousmarshesofGlynn。

____

Baltimore,1878。

Notes:TheMarshesofGlynnAlthoughDr。Callawaynotedinhisprefacetheimportanceofthispoem,hedidnotincludeitforlackofspace。Thiswouldseemtoindicatethatwhenhepublishedthese\"SelectedPoems\"in1895,\"TheMarshesofGlynn\"hadnotyetachieveditslaterprominenceasthegreatestofSidneyLanier’spoems——asnowseemstobetheopinion。

ThesettingofthepoemisthesaltmarshessurroundingthecoastalcityofBrunswick,Georgia,whichisinGlynnCounty——anareawelldeservingofthefameLanierhasgivenit——anditwasintendedasoneinstallmentinaseriesof\"HymnsoftheMarshes\",ofwhichfourpoemswerecompleted。

Thetextistakenfromthe1916editionof\"PoemsofSidneyLanier\"。

WilliamHayesWardwroteofthispoem:\"HownaturallyhislargefaithinGodfindsexpressioninhis`MarshesofGlynn’。\"

EdwinMims,inhisbiographyofSidneyLanier,concludesbyquotingthispoem。

Hewrites:

\"Hisbestpoemsmovetothecadenceofatune……Sometimes,asinthe`MarshesofGlynn’andinthebestpartsof`Sunrise’,thereisacosmicrhythmthatislikeuntotherhythmicbeatingoftheheartofGod,ofwhichPoeandLanierhavewritteneloquently。\"

Andlatercontinues:

\"Indeed,ifonehadtorelyupononepoemtokeepalivethefameofLanier,hecouldsingleout`TheMarshesofGlynn’withassurancethatthereissomethingsoindividualandoriginalaboutit,andthat,atthesametime,thereissucharollandrangeofverseinit,thatitwillsurelylivenotonlyinAmericanpoetrybutinEnglish。

Heretheimaginationhastakentheplaceoffancy,theefforttodogreatthingsendsinvictory,andthemelodyofthepoemcorrespondstotheexaltedthought。Ithasallthestrongpointsof`Sunrise’,withbutfewofitslimitations。ThereissomethingofWhitman’svirileimaginationandEmerson’shighspiritualitycombinedwiththehauntingmelodyofPoe’sbestwork。Writtenin1878,whenLanierwasinthefullexerciseofallhispowers,itisthebestexpressionofhisgeniusandoneofthefewgreatAmericanpoems。

\"Thebackgroundofthepoem——asof`Sunrise’——istheforest,thecoastandthemarshesnearBrunswick,Georgia。EarlyinlifeLanierhadbeenthrilledbythiswonderfulnaturalscenery,andlatervisitshadthemorepowerfullyimpressedhisimagination。

HeisthepoetofthemarshesassurelyasBryantisoftheforests,orWordsworthofthemountains。

\"Thepoetrepresentshimselfashavingspentthedayintheforestandcomingatsunsetintofullviewofthelengthandthebreadthandthesweepofthemarshes。Thegloomsofthelive-oaksandtheemeraldtwilightsofthe`dimsweetwoods,ofthedeardarkwoods,’

havebeenasarefugefromtheriotousnoon-daysun。Morethanthat,inthewildwoodprivaciesandclosetsoflonedesirehehasknownthepassionatepleasureofprayerandthejoyofelevatedthought。

Hisspiritisgrowntoalordlygreatcompasswithin,——heisreadyforwhatWordsworthcallsa`god-likehour’。\"

Mr。CallawayalsotreatsthepoeminPartIIIofthe`Introduction’。

RemonstranceOpinion,letmealone:Iamnotthine。[1]

PrimCreed,withcategoricpoint,forbearTofeaturememyLordbyruleandline。

ThoucanstnotmeasureMistressNature’shair,Notonesweetinch:nay,ifthysightissharp,Would’stcountthestringsuponanangel’sharp?

Forbear,forbear。

OhletmelovemyLordmorefathomdeepThanthereislinetosoundwith:letmeloveMyfellownotasmenthatmandateskeep:

Yea,allthat’slovable,below,above,[11]

Thatletmelovebyheart,byheart,because(Freefromthepenalpressureofthelaws)

Ifinditfair。

ThetearsIweepbydayandbitternight,Opinion!forthysolesaltvintagefall。

——AsmornbymornIrisewithfreshdelight,Timethroughmycasementcheerilydothcall,\"Natureisnew,’tisbirthdayeveryday,Comefeastwithme,letnomansaymenay,Whate’erbefall。\"[21]

SofareIforthtofeast:IsitbesideSomebrotherbright:but,eregood-morrow’spassed,BurlyOpinionwedginginhathcried,\"Thoushaltnotsitbyus,tobreakthyfast,SavetoourRubricthousubscribeandswear——

`Religionhathblueeyesandyellowhair’:

She’sSaxon,all。\"

Then,harda-hungeredformybrother’sgraceTillwell-nighfaintoswearhisfolly’strue,InsaddissentIturnmylongingface[31]

Tohimthatsitsontheleft:\"Brother,——withyou?\"

——\"Nay,notwithme,savethousubscribeandswear`Religionhathblackeyesandravenhair’:

Noughtelseistrue。\"

DebarredofbanquetsthatmyheartcouldmakeWitheverymanoneverydayoflife,Ihomewardturn,myfiresofpaintoslakeIndeependearmentsofaworshipedwife。

\"Ilovetheewell,dearLove,\"quothshe,\"andyetWouldthatthycreedwithminecompletelymet,[41]

Asone,nottwo。\"

Assassin!Thief!Opinion,’tisthywork。

ByChurch,bythrone,byhearth,byeverygoodThat’sintheTownofTime,Iseetheelurk,Ande’ersomeshadowstayswherethouhaststood。

Thouhand’stsweetSocrateshishemlocksour;

Thousav’stBarabbasinthathideoushour,Andstabb’stthegoodDelivererChrist;thourack’stthesoulsofmen;

Thoutossestgirlstolionsandboystoflames;[51]

Thouhew’stCrusaderdownbySaracen;

Thoubuildestclosetsfullofsecretshames;

Indifferentcruel,thoudostblowtheblazeRoundRidleyorServetus;allthydaysSmellscorched;Iwould——Thoubase-bornAccidentoftimeandplace——

BigotPretenderuntoJudgment’sthrone——

Bastard,thatclaimestwithacunningfaceThoserightsthetrue,trueSonofMandothownByLove’sauthority——thouRebelcold[61]

Atheadofcivilwarsandquarrelsold——

ThouKnifeonathrone——

Iwouldthouleft’stmefree,tolivewithlove,Andfaith,thatthroughtheloveoflovedothfindMyLord’sdearpresenceinthestarsabove,Theclodsbelow,thefleshwithout,themindWithin,thebread,thetear,thesmile。

Opinion,damnedIntriguer,graywithguile,Letmealone。

____

Baltimore,1878-9。

Notes:RemonstranceThisisthefirstandthegreatestofthe`Street-cries’:

seetheintroductorynoteto`LifeandSong’。

Foraninterpretationofthepoemsee`Introduction’,pp。xxix[PartIII],xlv,xlvii[PartIV]。

26,33。Amusingillustrationsofsuchintolerancemaybefoundin`Jack-knifeandBrambles’(Nashville,1893),byBishopAtticusG。Haygood,oftheMethodistChurch,South。Onebrother,wearetold(p。278),objectedtohearingBishopHaygoodin1859becauseofhiswearingabeard;

whileanother(p。281),alonginthethirties,votedagainstlicensingBishopGeorgeF。Piercebecausehishairwas\"combedbackfromhisforehead\"!

46。ForanaccountofSocrates,theGreekphilosopher,poisonedin399B。C。,seeXenophon’s`Memorabilia’andPlato’sdialogues。

47。SeeSt。Matthew27:20。

54。FortheburningofNicholasRidley,anEnglishBishop,onOctober16,1555,seeGreen’s`ShorterHistoryofEngland’。

MichaelServetus,aSpanishscientificandtheologicalwriter,wasburnedasahereticatGeneva,October27,1553。

OppositionOffret,ofdark,ofthorn,ofchill,[1]

Complainnomore;forthese,Oheart,DirecttherandomofthewillAsrhymesdirecttherageofart。

Thelute’sfixtfret,thatrunsathwartThestrainandpurposeofthestring,ForgovernanceandniceconsortDothbarhiswillfulwavering。

Thedarkhathmanydearavails;

Thedarkdistilsdivinestdews;

Thedarkisrichwithnightingales,[11]

Withdreams,andwiththeheavenlyMuse。

Bleedingwiththornsofpettystrife,I’llease(asloversdo)mysmartWithsonnetstomyladyLifeWritredinissuesfromtheheart。

WhatgracemayliewithinthechillOffavorfrozenfastinscorn!

WhenGood’sa-freeze,wecallitIll!

ThisrosyTimeisglacier-born。

Offret,ofdark,ofthorn,ofchill,[21]

Complainthounot,Oheart;fortheseBank-inthecurrentofthewillTouses,arts,andcharities。

____

Baltimore,1879-80。

Notes:OppositionAsanintroductiontothispoemIquoteasentencefromDr。Gates’sexcellentessay:\"Aswelookatthecircumstancesofhislife,letuscarrywithusthestrainsofthispoem,whichinterpretstheuseofcrosses,interferences,andattemptedthwartingsofone’spurpose;

fortheethicalvalueofLanier’slifeandwritingscanbefullyunderstoodonlybyrememberinghowmuchheovercameandhowheroicallyhepersistedinmanlyworkinhischosenartthroughyearsofsuchbrokenhealthaswouldhavedrivenmostmentotheinert,self-indulgentlifeofaninvalid。

Thesuperbpowerofwillwhichhedisplayedisalessonasvaluableasthenoblepoemswhichitillustratesandenforces。\"

MarshSong——AtSunsetOverthemonstrousshamblingsea,[1]

OvertheCalibansea,BrightAriel-cloud,thoulingerest:

Ohwait,ohwait,inthewarmredWest,——

ThyProsperoI’llbe。

Overthehumpedandfishysea,OvertheCalibansea,OcloudintheWest,likeathoughtintheheartOfpardon,loosethywing,andstart,Anddoagraceforme。

Overthehugeandhuddlingsea,[11]

OvertheCalibansea,BringhithermybrotherAntonio,——Man,——

Myinjurer:nightbreakstheban;

Brother,Ipardonthee。

____

Baltimore,1879-80。

Notes:MarshSong——AtSunsetAtthefirstreading,nodoubt,thissongappearsindistinct,thoughpoetical。

Onasecondreading,however,withShakespeare’s`Tempest’freshinmind,itseems,asitis,highlyartistic;andwewonderatthehappyusemadeoftheShakespeareancharacters:thegracious,forgivingProspero,therightfulDukeofMilan;Antonio,hisusurpingbrother,forgivennotwithstanding;Caliban,thesavage,deformed,fish-likeslave;

andAriel,theministeringspiritoftheair。

With`AtSunset’compareLanier’s`EveningSong’,anotherandamoreagreeablesunsetpicture。

ABalladofTreesandtheMasterIntothewoodsmyMasterwent,[1]

Cleanforspent,forspent。

IntothewoodsmyMastercame,Forspentwithloveandshame。

ButtheolivestheywerenotblindtoHim,ThelittlegrayleaveswerekindtoHim:

Thethorn-treehadamindtoHimWhenintothewoodsHecame。

OutofthewoodsmyMasterwent,AndHewaswellcontent。

OutofthewoodsmyMastercame,[11]

Contentwithdeathandshame。

WhenDeathandShamewouldwooHimlast,FromunderthetreestheydrewHimlast:

’TwasonatreetheyslewHim——lastWhenoutofthewoodsHecame。

____

Baltimore,November,1880。

Notes:ABalladofTreesandtheMasterInthe`Introduction’(p。xxxiff。[PartIII])IhavetriedtoshowtheintensityandthebreadthofLanier’sloveofnatureingeneral。

PresidentGatesgivesaseparatesectiontoLanier’sloveoftreesandplant-life;and,afterquotingsomelinesonthesoothingandinspiringcompanionshipoftrees,thusspeaksofourBallad:\"Thisministrationoftreestoamindandheart`forspentwithshameandgrief’findsitsculminationinthepatheticlinesuponthatolive-gardennearJerusalem,whichtothoseofuswhohavesatwithinitsshademustalwaysseemthemostsacredspotonearth。

Thealmostmysticexaltationofthepowerofpoeticsympathywhichinspiredtheseintenselines,`IntotheWoodsmyMasterwent’,mayimpairtheirreligiouseffectformanydevoutsouls。

Buttomanyothersthisshortpoemwillexpressmostwonderfullythatessentialhuman-heartednessintheSonofMan,ourDivineSaviour,whichmadeHimonewithusinHisneedofthequiet,sympatheticministrationsofnature——perhapstheheartofthereasonwhythisolive-grovewas`theplacewhereHewaswonttogo’forprayer。\"

SeeSt。Luke22:39。

ForLanier’sotherpoemsonChristsee`Introduction’,p。xxxviif。[PartIII]。

SunriseInmysleepIwasfainoftheirfellowship,fain[1]

Ofthelive-oak,themarsh,andthemain。

Thelittlegreenleaveswouldnotletmealoneinmysleep;

Up-breathedfromthemarshes,amessageofrangeandofsweep,Interwovenwithwafturesofwildsea-liberties,drifting,Camethroughthelappedleavessifting,sifting,Cametothegatesofsleep。

Thenmythoughts,inthedarkofthedungeon-keepOftheCastleofCaptiveshidintheCityofSleep,Upstarted,bytwosandbythreesassembling:

Thegatesofsleepfella-trembling[11]

Likeasthelipsofaladythatforthfalter\"yes\",Shakenwithhappiness:

Thegatesofsleepstoodwide。

Ihavewaked,Ihavecome,mybeloved!Imightnotabide:

Ihavecomeerethedawn,Obeloved,mylive-oaks,tohideInyourgospellingglooms,——tobeAsaloverinheaven,themarshmymarshandtheseamysea。

Tellme,sweetburly-bark’d,man-bodiedTreeThatminearmsinthedarkareembracing,dostknowFromwhatfountarethesetearsatthyfeetwhichflow?[21]

Theyrisenotfromreason,butdeeperinconsequentdeeps。

Reason’snotonethatweeps。

WhatlogicofgreetingliesBetwixtdearover-beautifultreesandtherainoftheeyes?

Ocunninggreenleaves,littlemasters!likeasyeglossAllthedull-tissueddarkwithyourluminousdarksthatembossThevagueblacknessofnightintopatternandplan,So,(ButwouldIcouldknow,butwouldIcouldknow,)

Withyourquestionembroid’ringthedarkofthequestionofman,——[31]

So,withyoursilencespurflingthissilenceofmanWhilehiscrytothedeadforsomeknowledgeisundertheban,Undertheban,——

So,yehavewroughtmeDesignsonthenightofourknowledge,——yea,yehavetaughtme,So,Thathaplyweknowsomewhatmorethanweknow。

Yelispers,whisperers,singersinstorms,Yeconsciencesmurmuringfaithsunderforms,Yeministersmeetforeachpassionthatgrieves,[41]

Friendly,sisterly,sweetheartleaves,Oh,rainmedownfromyourdarksthatcontainmeWisdomsyewinnowfromwindsthatpainme,——

Siftdowntremorsofsweet-within-sweetThatadvisemeofmorethantheybring,——repeatMethewoods-smellthatswiftlybutnowbroughtbreathFromtheheaven-sidebankoftheriverofdeath,——

Teachmethetermsofsilence,——preachmeThepassionofpatience,——siftme,——impeachme,——

Andthere,ohthere[51]

Asyehangwithyourmyriadpalmsupturnedintheair,Praymeamyriadprayer。

Mygossip,theowl,——isitthouThatoutoftheleavesofthelow-hangingbough,AsIpasstothebeach,artstirred?

Dumbwoods,haveyeutteredabird?……

ReverendMarsh,low-couchedalongthesea,Oldchemist,raptinalchemy,Distillingsilence,——lo,Thatwhichourfather-agehaddiedtoknow——[61]

Themenstruumthatdissolvesallmatter——thouHastfoundit:forthissilence,fillingnowTheglobedclarityofreceivingspace,Thissolvesusall:man,matter,doubt,disgrace,Death,love,sin,sanity,Mustinyonsilenceclearsolutionlie。

Tooclear!Thatcrystalnothingwho’llperuse?

Theblackestnightcouldbringusbrighternews。

YetpreciousqualitiesofsilencehauntRoundthesevastmargins,ministrant。[71]

Oh,ifthysoul’satlattergaspforspace,WithtryingtobreathenobiggerthanthyraceJusttobefellow’d,whenthatthouhastfoundNomanwithroom,orgraceenoughofboundToentertainthatNewthoutell’st,thouart,——

’Tishere,’tisherethoucanstunhandthyheartAndbreatheitfree,andbreatheitfree,Byrangymarsh,inlonesea-liberty。

Thetide’satfull:themarshwithfloodedstreamsGlimmers,alimpidlabyrinthofdreams。[81]

EachwindingcreekingraveentrancementliesArhapsodyofmorning-stars。TheskiesShinescantwithoneforkedgalaxy,——

Themarshbragsten:loopedonhisbreasttheylie。

Oh,whatifasoundshouldbemade!

Oh,whatifaboundshouldbelaidTothisbow-and-stringtensionofbeautyandsilencea-spring,——

Tothebendofbeautythebow,ortheholdofsilencethestring!

Ifearme,IfearmeyondomeofdiaphanousgleamWillbreakasabubbleo’er-blowninadream,——[91]

Yondomeoftoo-tenuoustissuesofspaceandofnight,Over-weightedwithstars,over-freightedwithlight,Over-satedwithbeautyandsilence,willseemButabubblethatbrokeinadream,Ifaboundofdegreetothisgracebelaid,Orasoundoramotionmade。

Butno:itismade:list!somewhere,——mystery,where?

Intheleaves?intheair?

Inmyheart?isamotionmade:

’Tisamotionofdawn,likeaflickerofshadeonshade。[101]

Intheleaves’tispalpable:lowmultitudinousstirringUpwindsthroughthewoods;thelittleones,softlyconferring,Havesettledmylord’stobelookedfor;so;theyarestill;

Buttheairandmyheartandtheeartharea-thrill,——

Andlookwherethewildducksailsroundthebendoftheriver,——

AndlookwhereapassionateshiverExpectantisbendingthebladesOfthemarsh-grassinserialshimmersandshades,——

Andinvisiblewings,fastfleeting,fastfleeting,Arebeating[111]

Thedarkoverheadasmyheartbeats,——andsteadyandfreeIstheebb-tideflowingfrommarshtosea——

(Runhome,littlestreams,Withyourlapfulsofstarsanddreams),——

Andasailorunseenishoistinga-peak,Forlist,downtheinshorecurveofthecreekHowmerrilyfluttersthesail,——

Andlo,intheEast!WilltheEastunveil?

TheEastisunveiled,theEasthathconfessedAflush:’tisdead;’tisalive:’tisdead,eretheWest[121]

Wasawareofit:nay,’tisabiding,’tisunwithdrawn:

Haveacare,sweetHeaven!’TisDawn。

Nowadreamofaflamethroughthatdreamofaflushisuprolled:

Tothezenithascending,adomeofundazzlinggoldIsbuilded,inshapeasabee-hive,fromoutofthesea:

Thehiveisofgoldundazzling,butoh,theBee,Thestar-fedBee,thebuild-fireBee,OfdazzlinggoldisthegreatSun-BeeThatshallflashfromthehive-holeoverthesea。

Yetnowthedew-drop,nowthemorninggray,[131]

ShalllivetheirlittlelucidsoberdayErewiththesuntheirsoulsexhaleaway。

NowineachpettiestpersonalsphereofdewThesumm’dmornshinescompleteasintheblueBigdew-dropofallheaven:withtheselitshrinesO’er-silveredtothefarthestsea-confines,ThesacramentalmarshonepiousplainOfworshiplies。Peacetotheante-reignOfMaryMorning,blissfulmothermild,Mindedofnoughtbutpeace,andofachild。[141]

NotslowerthanMajestymoves,forameanandameasureOfmotion,——notfasterthandatelessOlympianleisureMightpacewithunblownamplegarmentsfrompleasuretopleasure,——

Thewave-serratesea-rimsinksunjarring,unreeling,Foreverrevealing,revealing,revealing,Edgewise,bladewise,halfwise,wholewise,——’tisdone!

Good-morrow,lordSun!

Withseveralvoice,withascriptionone,ThewoodsandthemarshandtheseaandmysoulUntothee,whencetheglitteringstreamofallmorrowsdothroll,[151]

Crygoodandpast-goodandmostheavenlymorrow,lordSun。

OArtisanborninthepurple,——WorkmanHeat,——

ParterofpassionateatomsthattravailtomeetAndbemixedinthedeath-coldoneness,——innermostGuestAtthemarriageofelements,——fellowofpublicans,——blestKingintheblouseofflame,thatloiteresto’erTheidleskiesyetlaborestfastevermore,——

Thou,inthefineforge-thunder,thou,inthebeatOftheheartofaman,thouMotive,——LaborerHeat:

Yea,Artist,thou,ofwhoseartyonsea’sallnews,[161]

Withhisinshoregreensandmanifoldmid-seablues,Pearl-glint,shell-tint,ancientestperfectesthuesEvershamingthemaidens,——lilyandroseConfessthee,andeachmildflamethatglowsIntheclarifiedvirginalbosomsofstonesthatshine,Itisthine,itisthine:

Thouchemistofstorms,whetherdrivingthewindsa-swirlOra-flickerthesubtileressencespolarthatwhirlInthemagnetearth,——yea,thouwithastormforaheart,Rentwithdebate,many-spottedwithquestion,part[171]

Frompartoftsundered,yeteveraglobedlight,Yetevertheartist,evermorelargeandbrightThantheeyeofamanmayavailof:——manifoldOne,Imustpassfromthyface,ImustpassfromthefaceoftheSun:

OldWantisawakeandagog,everywrinklea-frown;

Theworkermustpasstohisworkintheterribletown:

ButIfearnot,nay,andIfearnotthethingtobedone;

IamstrongwiththestrengthofmylordtheSun:

Howdark,howdarksoevertheracethatmustneedsberun,IamlitwiththeSun。[181]

Oh,neverthemast-highrunoftheseasOftrafficshallhidethee,Neverthehell-coloredsmokeofthefactoriesHidethee,Neverthereekofthetime’sfen-politicsHidethee,Andevermyheartthroughthenightshallwithknowledgeabidethee,Andeverbydayshallmyspirit,asonethathathtriedthee,Labor,atleisure,inart,——tillyonderbesidetheeMysoulshallfloat,friendSun,[191]

Thedaybeingdone。

____

Baltimore,December,1880。

Notes:SunriseInthewordsofMrs。Lanier,\"`Sunrise’,Mr。Lanier’slatestcompletedpoem,waswrittenwhilehissunoflifeseemedfairlyatthesetting,andthehandwhichfirstpencilleditslineshadnotstrengthtocarrynourishmenttothelips。\"See`Introduction’,p。xviii[PartI]。

Lanierhastwootherpoemsonthesametheme,bothshort:

`ASunriseSong’and`BetweenDawnandSunrise’(enteredunder`MarshHymns’)。

Asalreadypointedout(`Introduction’,pp。xxxi[PartIII],xlvii[PartIV]),`Sunrise’showsinapowerfulwaythedelicacyandthecomprehensivenessofLanier’slovefornature。True,asIhaveelsewherestated(`Introduction’,p。xlvi[PartIV]),thepoemhassomeseriouslimitations,moreIthinkthanhas`TheMarshesofGlynn’;but,despiteitsshortcomings,`Sunrise’isfromanabsolutestand-pointagreatpoem;

while,ifweconsiderthecircumstancesunderwhichitwasproduced,itis,inthewordsofProfessorKent,\"aworld-marvel\"。

AsidefromthenumerousunapproachablesnatchesinShakespeare,*

IknowofnothingonthesubjectinEnglishliteraturecomparableto`Sunrise’。Mr。W。W。Story’s`Sunrise’isperhapstheclosestparallel,andyetitisfarinferiortoLanier’s,aseveryreaderofthetwowilladmit。Ifonewishestomakefurthercomparisons,hemayfindsunrisepoemsinthefollowingauthors:

Blake,Cowper,Emerson,Hood,Keats,Longfellow,Southey,Thompson,Willis,etc。Imayaddthataninteresting,thoughsuperficialarticleon`ThePoetryofSunriseandSunset’maybefoundin`Chambers’sEdinburghJournal’,22,234,October7,1854。

——

*AmongothersImaycitethefollowingpassages:

\"Hark!hark!thelarkatheaven’sgatesings,\"

in`Cymbeline’,2,3;

\"ButlookthemorninrussetmantlecladWalkso’erthedewofyonhigheasternhill,\"

in`Hamlet’,1,1;

\"Night’scandlesareburntout,andjocunddayStandstiptoeonthemistymountain-tops,\"

in`RomeoandJuliet’,3,5;and\"FullmanyagloriousmorninghaveIseen\"etc。,`Sonnetxxxiii’。

——

3,13-14。See`Introduction’,p。xxxii[PartIII],andcomparel。26。

39-53。See`Introduction’,p。xxxiii[PartIII]。

42。IhadmadethecomparisonbetweenLanierandSt。FrancisbeforereadingDr。Gates’sessayonLanier,andwasdelightedtofindmyjudgmentconfirmedbysocompetentacritic。Dr。Gatesisquiteemphatic:

\"SinceSt。Francis,nosoulhasseemedsoheavilyoverchargedwiththisfeelingofbrotherhoodforallcreatedthings。\"

`TheCanticleoftheSun’,otherwiseknownas`TheSongoftheCreatures’,maybefoundinmetricalforminMrs。Oliphant’slifeofSt。Francis(NewYork,1870)andinproseinSabatier’s(Scribners,NewYork,1894)。

54。Lanierhasan`OwlagainstRobin’。

57。See`Introduction’,p。xli[PartIV]。

80-85。See`Introduction’,p。xliii[PartIV]。

86-152。See`Introduction’,p。xlvii[PartIV]。Mr。F。F。Brownesaysthatinlyricsweetnessll。86-97recallthebestofKeatsandShelley。

114-115。See`Introduction’,p。xliv[PartIV]。

127。Lanierhasapoementitled`TheBee’。

134-136。See`Introduction’,p。xliii[PartIV]。

181。CompareMrs。Easter’stribute,`LitwiththeSun’。

189-192。See`Introduction’,p。xxi[PartI],andcompareCowdin’stribute,`HopesetandSunrise’,andtheclosingstanzaofHamlinGarland’s:

\"Whileheart’sbloodebbedateverybreathHepassedlife’shead-landbleakanddun,FlewthroughthewesterngateofDeathAndtookhisplacebesidethesun。\"

BibliographyI。CollectedProseWorksTiger-lilies:ANovel。16mo,pp。v,252。Hurd&Houghton,NewYork,1867。

Outofprint。

Florida:ItsScenery,Climate,andHistory。12mo,pp。336。

J。B。Lippincott&Co。,Philadelphia,1876。

TheBoy’sFroissart。BeingSirJohnFroissart’sChroniclesofAdventure,Battle,andCustominEngland,France,Spain,etc。EditedforBoys。

Crown8vo,pp。xxviii,422。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1878。

TheScienceofEnglishVerse。Crown8vo,pp。xv,315。

CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1880。

TheBoy’sKingArthur。BeingSirThomasMalory’sHistoryofKingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTable。EditedforBoys。Crown8vo,pp。xlviii,404。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1880。

TheBoy’sMabinogion。BeingtheEarliestWelshTalesofKingArthurinthefamousRedBookofHergest。EditedforBoys。Crown8vo,pp。xxiv,378。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1881。

TheBoy’sPercy。BeingOldBalladsofWar,Adventure,andLove,fromBishopThomasPercy’sReliquesofAncientEnglishPoetry。

EditedforBoys。Crown8vo,pp。xxxii,442。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1882。

TheEnglishNovelandthePrinciplesofitsDevelopment。Crown8vo,pp。293。

CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1883。

II。CollectedPoeticalWorksPoems。Pp。94。J。B。Lippincott&Co。,Philadelphia,1877。

Contained`ToCharlotteCushman’(dedication),`Corn’,`TheSymphony’,`ThePsalmoftheWest’,`InAbsence’,`Acknowledgment’,`Betrayal’,`SpecialPleading’,`ToCharlotteCushman’,`Rose-morals’,`To————withaRose’。

PoemsofSidneyLanier,EditedbyhisWife,withaMemorialbyWilliamHayesWard。NewYork:CharlesScribner’sSons,1884,252pp。,12mo。

III。UncollectedProsePiecesThreeWaterfalls:`Scott’sMagazine’(Atlanta,Ga。),August,September,1867。

AddressbeforetheFurlowMasonicFemaleCollege(Ga。),June30,1869:

`Catalogue’oftheCollegefor1869。

ConfederateMemorialAddressatMacon,Ga。,April26,1870:

`MaconDailyTelegraph’ofApril27,1870,andreprintedinsameforApril27,1887。

RetrospectsandProspects:`SouthernMagazine’(Baltimore)8。283-290,446-456,March,April,1871。

Nature-Metaphors:`SouthernMagazine’10。172-182,February,1872。

SanAntoniodeBexar:`SouthernMagazine’13。83-99,138-152,July,August,1873。

Peace:`SouthernMagazine’15。406-410,October,1874。

ReviewofHayne’sPoems:`SouthernMagazine’,1874。

TheOcklawahainMay:`Lippincott’sMagazine’(Philadelphia)16。403-413,October,1875。

St。AugustineinApril:`Lippincott’sMagazine’16。537-550,November,1875。

SketchesofIndia,publishedanonymously:`Lippincott’sMagazine’17。37-51,172-183,283-301,409-427,January-April,1876。

DefenceofCentennialCantata:`TheTribune’(NewYork),1876。

MusicalFestivalinBaltimore:`TheSun’(Baltimore),May28,29,30,1878。

CriticismofRubinstein’sOceanSymphony:`TheSun’(Baltimore),January31,1880。

TheStoryofaProverb:`Lippincott’sMagazine’23。109-113,January,1879。

LettertoMr。J。F。D。Lanier,abankerofNewYork,givinganaccountoftheLaniersinEuropeandoftheircomingtoAmerica:

privatelyprinted,Baltimore,April2,1879,pp。17。

AFairyTaleforGrownPeople:`St。NicholasMagazine’,1879。

TheOrchestraofTo-day:`Scribner’sMonthly’(NewYork)19。897-904,April,1880。

TheNewSouth:`Scribner’sMonthly’20。840-851。October,1880。

Bob:`TheIndependent’(NewYork)34。1-3,August3,1882。

MoralPurposeinArt:`TheCenturyMagazine’(NewYork)4。131-137,May,1883。

TwoLetterstoBayardTaylor:Taylor(M。H。)andScudder’s`LifeandLettersofBayardTaylor’(Boston,1884),vol。ii。,677,693-94。

TheLegendofSt。Leonor,aFragmentfromanUnfinishedLectureon\"TheRelationsofPoetryandScience\":`TheIndependent’37。1627,December17,1885。

TheHappySoul’sAddresstotheDeadBody,fromShakespeareCourseofLectures:`TheIndependent’,1886。

AGreatManWanted,ExtractfromLetterofNovember15,1874,toJudgeL。E。Bleckley,ofGeorgia:`TheAcorn’(Towson,Md。),June,1887;

reprintedin`TheCritic’(NewYork)7。309,June18,1887。

FromBacontoBeethoven,publishedanonymously:`Lippincott’sMagazine’

41。643-655,May,1888。

ChaucerandShakespeare:`TheIndependent’43。1337-1338,1371-1372,September10and17,1891。

ChaucerandShakespeareCompared:`TheIndependent’43。1401-1402,September24,1891。

WhatIKnowaboutFlowers,aS。S。addressdeliveredabout1868,butfirstpublishedin`TheSunday-schoolTimes’(Philadelphia)33。739,November21,1891。

HowtoReadChaucer:`TheIndependent’43。1748,November26,1891。

Blood-redFlowerofWar,anextractfrom`Tiger-lilies’(pp。115-121):

`TheSundayNews’(Baltimore),November27,1892。

LetterstoMr。andMrs。GibsonPeacock,fromJanuary26,1875,toJune1,1880,editedbyWm。R。Thayer:`TheAtlanticMonthly’(Boston)

74。14-28,181-193,July,August,1894。

IV。UncollectedPoemsLaughterintheSenate:`TheRoundTable’(NewYork),1868。

CivilRights:`TheHerald’(Atlanta,Ga。),1874。

SongsAgainstDeath(fivestanzas,thelastfragmentary):

`TheCenturyMagazine’10。377,July,1886。

OneinTwo:`CenturyMagazine’12。417,July,1887。

TwoinOne:`CenturyMagazine’12。417,July,1887。

To\"TheWhiteFlower\"ofTheEnglishNovel,writtenin1878,butprintedin1890byL。Prang(Boston)onanillustratedChristmasCard。

OntheReceiptofaJarofMarmalade,writtenforMrs。C。N。Hawkinsin1877,butprintedinherhusband’spaper,`TheNewCastle(Va。)Record’,April11,1891。

TheLord’sRomanceofTime,anOutline:`Sunday-schoolTimes’

(Philadelphia),1892。

ToLucie,writtenonSt。Valentine’sDay,1880,publishedin`FromDixie’,Richmond,Va。,1893。

V。PoemsinAnthologiesBlackman,O。:see`Lawrence,W。M。’

Hutchinson,EllenM。:see`Stedman,E。C。’

Lawrence(W。M。)andBlackman(O。):`TheRiversideSongBook’(Boston,1893)

has`BabyCharley’(p。91)and`MaytheMaiden’(p。97),bothsettomusic。

Putnam,S。A。Brock:`ThePoetryofAmerica’(NewYork,1894)

has`LifeandSong’,`Nirvana’,`BalladofTreesandtheMaster’,and`Sunrise’。

Roberts,C。G。D。:`PoemsofWildLife’(London,1888)

has`TheRevengeofHamish’(pp。57-62)。

Sladen,Douglas:`YoungerAmericanPoets’(NewYork,1891)

gives(pp。131-145)`Sunrise’,`TheMarshesofGlynn’,`SongoftheChattahoochee’,`ABalladofTreesandtheMaster’,anextractfrom`TheSymphony’,and`TheCrystal’。

Stedman(E。C。)andHutchinson(EllenM。):`ALibraryofAmericanLiterature’

(NewYork,1891)gives(vol。x。,pp。145-151)`TheMarshesofGlynn’,`SongoftheChattahoochee’,`TheMocking-bird’,`TheRevengeofHamish’,`NightandDay’,andaportrait。

VI。Criticisms*ofLanier’sLifeandWorks*Unlessthetitleofthecriticismisgiven,thearticletreatsLanier’slifeandworksingeneral。Exceptinspecialcasesnoaccountismadeofarticlesinthedailypapers。——Forbrevity’ssakeIciteunderthisheadthemusiccomposedforseveralofLanier’spoems。

AmericanYouth(Chicago):3。102。

Appleton’sAnnualCyclopaedia(NewYork):1881,p。685:`Obituary’。

Black,G。D。:`TheAntiochian’(YellowSprings,O。)2:4。4-6,February,1886。

Black,G。D。:`Belford’sMagazine’(Chicago)6。187-190,January,1891。

Blackman,O。:see`Lawrence’under`V’。

Boykin,LauretteN。:`HomeLifeofSidneyLanier’,Atlanta,Ga。,1889,12pp。

Browne,F。F。:`TheDial’(Chicago)5。244-246,January,1885。

Browne,Wm。H。:`MemorialAddress’beforetheJohnsHopkinsUniversity,October22,1881,8pp。Privatelyprinted。

Browne,Wm。H。:`LetterattheUnveilingofaBustofthePoetatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,in`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’

ofOctober19,1890。

Browne,Wm。H。:`FromDixie’(Richmond,Va。,1893),pp。40-51。

Buck,Dudley:MusictoLanier’s`CentennialCantata’。

NewYork:G。Schirmer,1876。

Buck,Dudley:`Sunset’,musictoLanier’s`EveningSong’。

NewYork:G。Schirmer,1877。

Buckham,J。:`AnAccountoftheHopkinsMemorialMeetingofFebruary3,1888’,`LiteraryWorld’(Boston)19。56-57,February18,1888。

Burton,R。E。:`AnAccountoftheHopkinsMemorialMeetingofFebruary3,1888’,`TheCritic’(NewYork),9。63-64,February11,1888;

alsoinGilman’s`MemorialofSidneyLanier’,pp。47-50。

Burton,RichardE。:`LanierBibliography’,inGilman’s`MemorialofSidneyLanier’(Baltimore,1888),pp。51-56。

Calvert,G。H。:`TheGoldenAge’,June12,1875。

Carmichael,Mary:`AMaySong’,musictoLanier’s`SongfortheJacquerie’。

London:Stanley,Lucas,Weber&Co。,1889。

CenturyMagazine(NewYork):1。475,January,1882:`Boy’sMabinogion’。

Chamberlain,D。H。:`TheNewEnglander’(NewHaven,Conn。)44。227-238,March,1885。

Coleman,C。W。,Jr。:`HomesofSomeSouthernAuthorsIV。’,`TheChautauquan’(Meadville,Pa。)8。343-344。

Critic,The(NewYork):3。3-4,January3,1885:`Poems’;

9。97,February28,1888:`ProfessorJ。H。Gilmore’sLectureonLanier’;

9。224,May5,1888;9。245,May19,1888;15。130,March7,1891;

16。197,October17,1891:`Poems’(ed。of1891);20。95,August5,1893:

`ProfessorW。D。McClintock’sLectureonLanier’。

Cummings,MissM。A。:`CatholicMirror’(Baltimore),May7,1892。

Dewey,T。E。:`AddressbeforetheKansasAcademyofLanguageandLiterature’,atBakerUniversity,Baldwin,April7,1892,34pp。

Dial,The(Chicago):2。182-3,December,1881:`Boy’sMabinogion’;

3。176,December,1882:`Boy’sPercy’;4。40,June,1883。

Fiske,John:see`Wilson,J。G。’

Gates,M。E。:`SidneyLanier’sMoralEarnestness’,`TheCritic’3。227,May9,1885,asquotedfromtheRutgersCollege`Targum’。

Gates,M。E。:`PresbyterianReview’(NewYork),8。669-701,October,1887;

alsoinpamphletform;summarizedinSladen’s`YoungerAmericanPoets’

(pp。635-644)。

Gates,M。E。:`OntheEthicalInfluenceofLanier’,inGilman’s`Memorial’,pp。31-36。

Gilder,R。W。:`LettertoPresidentGilman’,inlatter’s`Memorial’,pp。27-29。

Gilman,D。C。:`OurContinent’(Chicago),February,1882。

Gilman,D。C。(ed。):`AMemorialofSidneyLanier’(Baltimore,1888),52pp。

Gilman,D。C。:`LetterattheUnveilingofaBustofthePoetatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,in`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。

Gosse,Edmund:`QuestionsatIssue’,London,1893,pp。78-81。

Hankins,V。W。:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville,Ky。),2。760-61,May,1887。

Harper’sMagazine(NewYork):54。617,March,1877:`Poems’(1877ed。);

60。474,February,1880:`Boy’sFroissart’;61。796-97,October,1880:

`ScienceofEnglishVerse’;62。315,January,1881:`Boy’sKingArthur’;

64。316,January,1882:`Boy’sMabinogion’;66。316,January,1883:

`Boy’sPercy’;67。798-99,October,1883:`TheEnglishNovel’。

Harris,JoelChandler:`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’

ofSeptember12,1881。

Harris,J。C。:`LetteratUnveilingofaBustofthePoetatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。

Hawthorne(J。)andLemmon(L。):`AmericanLiterature’,Boston,1893,pp。276-77。

Hayne,PaulH。:`APoet’sLetterstoaFriend’,`TheCritic’5。77-78,89-90,February13,20,1886。

Higginson,T。W。:`TheChautauquan’(Meadville,Pa。)7。416-418,April,1887。

Higginson,T。W。:`WomenandMen’,Boston,1888,chap。58。

Hill,Mrs。K。:`Marie’,musictoLanier’s`SongfortheJacquerie’,Riga,P。Neldner,1891。

Hill,W。B。:`AddressinPresentingBustofthePoettoCityofMacon,Ga。’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。

Hubner,Chas。W。:`TheAmerican’,Atlanta,Ga。,November29,1888。

Kent,C。W。:`AStudyofLanier’sPoems,inPublicationsoftheModernLanguageAssociation’(Baltimore)7:2。33-63,April-June,1892。

Kirk,J。F。:`ASupplementtoAllibone’sDictionaryofEnglishLiterature’

(Philadelphia),1891,vol。ii。,973,hasabriefsketchofLanier。

Kirkus,Wm。:`AmericanLiteraryChurchman’,October,1881。

Lanier,Charles:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。

Lanier,Clifford:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。

Lawrence,W。M。:seeunder`V’。

Lemmon,L。:see`Hawthorne’。

Lind,W。Murdoch:`SidneyLanier’sLibrary’,`TheDailyNews’(Baltimore),July24,1892。

Link,S。A。:`NewEnglandMagazine’(Boston)10。14-19,March,1894。

LiteraryWorld,The(Boston):6。116,January,1876:`Florida’;

7。103,December,1876:`Poems’(Lippincotted。);11。227,July3,1880:

`ScienceofEnglishVerse’;11。441,December4,1880:`Boy’sKingArthur’;

12。215,June18,1881:`Florida’;12。449,December3,1881:

`Boy’sMabinogion’;14。204-205,June30,1883:`EnglishNovel’;

16。40-41,February7,1885:`Poems’;16。350-352,April10,1885:`Poems’。

Lowell,JamesRussell:`LettertoPresidentGilman’inlatter’s`Memorial’,p。25。

Macmechan,A。:`TheVarsity’(Toronto),March3,1888。

Marble,E。:`CottageHearth’(Boston),4。141-142,June,1877。

Morris,H。S。:`ThePoetryofS。L。’,`TheAmerican’(Philadelphia),No。393,pp。284-285,February18,1888。

Nation,The(NewYork):31。310-311,October28,1880:

`ScienceofEnglishVerse’;33。216,September15,1881;

33。994,November17,1881;35。468,November30,1882:`Boy’sPercy’;

37。38,July12,1883:`EnglishNovel’;39。528,December18,1884:`Poems’;

46。51-52,February9,1888;53。297,October15,1891:`Poems’(1891ed。)。

Newell,A。C。:`Lanier’sLifeatOglethorpeCollege’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofFebruary27,1894。

NewEnglander(NewHaven,Conn。):39。566,July,1880:

`ScienceofEnglishVerse’。

Penn,A。:`S。L。ontheEnglishNovel’,`CenturyMagazine’,5。957-958,April,1884。

Pitts,W。A。:`WoffordCollegeJournal’(Spartanburg,S。C。)4。307-312,June,1893。

Poet-lore(Philadelphia):2。303,1890;3。369,1891。

Putnam,S。A。Brock:`ThePoetryofAmerica’,NewYork,1894,hasashortSketchofLanier。

Richardson,CharlesF。:`AmericanLiterature’(1607-1885),2vols。,NewYork,1889-1891;vol。2。231-2,242,398。

Roberts,Chas。G。D。:`St。John(N。B。)Globe’,April25,1885。

Roberts,Chas。G。D。(ed。):`PoemsofWildLife’,London,1888,hasashortsketchofLanier。

Roberts,C。G。D。:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。

Rutherford,Mildred:`AmericanAuthors’,Atlanta,Ga。,1894,pp。368-375。

Scott,W。J。:`QuarterlyReviewofM。E。Church,South’(Nashville),NewSeries,5。157-171,October,1888。

Scribner’sMonthly(NewYork):20。473-4,July,1880:

`ScienceofEnglishVerse’;21。322,December,1880:`Boy’sKingArthur’。

Semple,PattyB。:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville)2。661-7,April,1887。

Sladen,Douglas:`SomeYoungerAmericanPoetsI。’,`TheIndependent’

(NewYork)42。806,June12,1890。

Sladen,Douglas:`YoungerAmericanPoets’,NewYork,1891,pp。xxvi-xxviii,635-655:aslightlyexpandedformofthepreceding。

See,too,`Gates’and`Turnbull’。

Sladen,Douglas:`TheAmericanRossetti’,`LiteraryWorld’(London),pp。378-9,November17,1893。

Smyth,A。H。:`AmericanLiterature’,Philadelphia,1889,p。132。

Spann,Minnie:`SidneyLanier’sYouth,S。L。’sManhood’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork)46。800,821-2,June21,28,1894。

Spectator,The(London):65。828-9,December6,1890。

Stedman,E。C。:`LettertoPresidentGilman’,pp。12-14ofBrowne’s`MemorialAddress’。

Stedman,E。C。:`TheCritic’(NewYork),1。298,1881。

Stedman,E。C。:`PoetsofAmerica’,Boston,1885,pp。449-451。

Stedman,E。C。:`LettertoPresidentGilman’inlatter’s`Memorial’,pp。25-27。

Stedman(E。C。)andHutchinson(EllenM。):`LibraryofAmericanLiterature’

(NewYork,1891),vol。xi。,542,givesbriefsketchesofSidneyandCliffordLanier。

Stoddard,F。H。:`ReviewofTheEnglishNovel’,`NewEnglander’

(NewHaven,Conn。)43。97-104,January,1884。

Tabb,J。B。:`SidneyLanier’sLastLines’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’

ofOctober19,1890。

Tait,JohnR。:`Lippincott’sMagazine’(Phila。)40。723-724,November,1887。

Taylor,Bayard:`TheTribune’(NewYork),1876。

Taylor(M。H。)andScudder’s`LifeandLettersofBayardTaylor’,vol。2。669-723,hasseverallettersfromB。T。toS。L。

Thayer,W。R。:`TheIndependent’(NewYork),1883;March,1884;

June12,1884;December18,1884;1886:`Stedman’sPoetsofAmerica’。

Thayer,W。R。:`TheAmerican’(Phila。)December20,1884;February18,1888。

Thayer,W。R。(ed。):`LettersofSidneyLanier’[toMr。andMrs。

GibsonPeacock],`TheAtlanticMonthly’(Boston)74。14-28,181-193,JulyandAugust,1894。

Tolman,A。H。:`Lanier’sScienceofEnglishVerse’,inGilman’s`Memorial’,pp。37-45。

Travelers’Record,The(Hartford,Conn。):October,1885:

`OwlagainstRobin’。

Turnbull,Mrs。Lawrence:`TheCatholicMan:AStudy’,Boston,1890,gives,inPaul,thepoet,animaginativestudyofthecharacterofMr。Lanier,withwhomtheauthorwasintimatelyacquaintedandtowhomshewasdevoted。

Turnbull,FranceseL。(=Mrs。LawrenceT。):`SidneyLanier:AStudy’,inSladen’s`YoungerAmericanPoets’,NewYork,1891,pp。645-655。

Urban,Francis:MusictoLanier’s`ABalladofTreesandtheMaster’。

Baltimore:OttoSutro&Co。,1886。

VonSturmer,H。H。:`ASoldier-poet’,`Excelsior’(Barbados)1。233-236,October,1890。

Walker,Geo。W。:`QuarterlyReviewofM。E。Church,South’(Macon,Ga。)

7。193-206,April,1885。

Ward,Wm。Hayes:`SidneyLanieronMoralPurposeinArt’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork),May3,1883。

Ward,Wm。Hayes:`SidneyLanier,Poet’,`CenturyMagazine’5。816-821,April,1884。

Ward,Wm。Hayes:`Memorial’,prefixedto`PoemsofSidneyLanier’,editedbyhiswife,pp。xi-xl。

Warner,CharlesDudley:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。

Washington,HughV。:`AddressonAcceptingtheBustofLanierfortheCityofMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’

ofOctober19,1890。

West,CharlesN。:`AddressbeforetheGeorgiaHistoricalSociety’,Savannah,December5,1887,25pp。

Wilkinson,W。C。:`TheIndependent’(NewYork),September,1886。

Wilson,Heileman:`Fetter’sSouthernMagazine’(Louisville,Ky。)2。11-15,February,1893。

Wilson(J。G。)andFiske(J。),eds。:`Appleton’sCyclopaediaofAmericanBiography’,NewYork,1888,vol。iii。,613,hasbriefsketchesofS。andC。Lanier。

Wray,J。E。:`SongoftheChattahoochee’,`QuarterlyReviewofM。E。Church,South’(Nashville),NewSeries,16。157-163,April,1894。

VII。PoeticalTributesAndrews,MaudeAnnulet:`LiteraryWorld’(Boston)18。184,June11,1887。

Barbe,Waiteman:inhis`AshesandIncense’,Philadelphia,1892。

Burroughs,Ellen:`LiteraryWorld’(Boston)21。40,February1,1890。

Burton,RichardE。:Gilman’s`Memorial’,p。12。

Clark,SimeonTupper:`TheBuffalo(N。Y。)Courier’,November,1881。

Colquitt,MelR。:`ThePeriod’,Atlanta,Ga。

Cowdin,JasperBarnett:`HopesetandSunrise’,`SouthernBivouac’

(Louisville,Ky。)1。614-615,March,1886。

Cummings,James:Gilman’s`Memorial’,pp。13-17。

Dandridge,Danske:inher`JoyandOtherPoems’,NewYorkandLondon,1888。

Easter,MargueriteE。:inher`ClytieandOtherPoems’,Boston,1891。

Edwards,HarryS。:`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。

Garland,Hamlin:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville,Ky。)2。759,May,1887。

Gates,Mrs。MerrillE。:`HomeJournal’(NewYork),April16,1890。

Hayne,PaulHamilton:`ThePoleofDeath’,in`Poems’(Boston,1882),p。322。

Hayne,Wm。H。:`PoemfortheUnveilingoftheBustofS。L。atMacon,Ga。,October17,1890’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890;

`SidneyLanier’,inhis`SylvanLyricsandOtherVerses’(NewYork),1893。

Hubner,CharlesW。:`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofSeptember12,1881。

Lanier,Clifford:`Acknowledgment,ToallwholoveS。L。’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork),April9,1885。

Reese,LizetteWoodworth:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville,Ky。)2。488,January,1887;`WithaCopyofLanier’sPoems’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork)

44。322,March3,1892。

Roberts,CharlesG。D。:`TotheMemoryofS。L。’,inhis`InDiversTones’,Boston,1886,pp。95-96;`OnReadingthePoemsofS。L。’,ib。,p。97;

`ForaBustofL。’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork)43。625,April30,1891。

Scollard,Clinton:`LiteraryWorld’(Boston),vol。18,May14,1886。

Tabb,JohnB。:`ToSidneyLanier’,inGilman’s`Memorial’,p。11;

`SidneyLanier’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890;

`GreetingtoS。L。’,in`TheTimes-Democrat’(NewOrleans)ofDecember,1891,andquotedbySpannin`TheIndependent’(NewYork)46。822,June28,1894。

Thomas,EdithM。:Gilman’s`Memorial’,pp。22-23。

Turnbull,FranceseE。:Gilman’s`Memorial’,pp。18-21。