LetyourActiniaestandforadayortwointhedish，andthen，pickingouttheliveliestandhandsomest，detachthemoncemorefromtheirhold，dropthemintoyourvase，rightthemwithabitofstick，sothatthesuckingbaseisdownwards，andleavethemtothemselvesthenceforth。
Thesetwospecies（MesembryanthemumandCrassicornis）arequitebeautifulenoughtogiveabeginneramusement：buttherearetwootherswhicharenotuncommon，andofsuchexceedingloveliness，thatitisworthwhiletotakealittletroubletogetthem。TheoneisDianthus，whichIhavealreadymentioned;theotherBellis，thesea—daisy，ofwhichthereisanexcellentdescriptionandplatesinMr。Gosse’s\"RamblesinDevon，\"pp。24to32。
ItiscommonatIlfracombe，andatTorquay;andindeedeverywherewheretherearecracksandsmallholesinlimestoneorslaterock。
Intheseholesitfixesitsbase，andexpandsitsdelicatebrown—
greystar—likeflowersonthesurface：butitmustbechippedoutwithhammerandchisel，attheexpenseofmuchdirtandpatience;
forthemomentitistoucheditcontractsdeepintotherock，andallthatisleftofthedaisyflower，sometwoorthreeinchesacross，isablueknotofhalfthesizeofamarble。Butitwillexpandagain，afteradayortwoofcaptivity，andwillrepayallthetroublewhichithascost。Troglodytesmaybefound，asIhavesaidalready，inhundredsatHastings，insimilarsituationstothatofBellis;itsonlytoken，whenthetideisdown，beingarounddimpleinthemuddysandwhichfirsthelowercracksofrocks。
Butyouwillwantmorethantheseanemones，bothforyourownamusement，andforthehealthofyourtank。Microscopicanimalswillbreed，andwillalsodie;andyouneedforthemsomesuchscavengerasourpoorfriendSquinado，towhomyouwereintroducedafewpagesback。Turn，then，afewstoneswhichliepiledoneachotheratextremelow—watermark，andfiveminutes’searchwillgiveyoutheveryanimalyouwant，—alittlecrab，ofadingyrussetabove，andontheundersidelikesmoothporcelain。Hisbackisquiteflat，andsoarehislargeangularfringedclaws，which，whenhefoldsthemup，lieinthesameplanewithhisshell，andfitneatlyintoitsedges。Compactlittleroguethatheis，madeespeciallyforsidlinginandoutofcracksandcrannies，hecarrieswithhimsuchanapparatusofcombsandbrushesasIsidororFlorisneverdreamedof;withwhichhesweepsoutofthesea—
waterateverymomentshoalsofminuteanimalcules，andsucksthemintohistinymouth。Mr。Gossewilltellyoumoreofthismarvel，inhis\"Aquarium，\"p。48。
Next，yoursea—weeds，iftheythriveastheyoughttodo，willsowtheirminutesporesinmillionsaroundthem;andthese，astheyvegetate，willformagreenfilmontheinsideoftheglass，spoilingyourprospect：youmayrubitoffforyourself，ifyouwill，witharagfastenedtoastick;butifyouwishatoncetosaveyourselftrouble，andtoseehowallemergenciesinnatureareprovidedfor，youwillsetthreeorfourliveshellstodoitforyou，andtokeepyoursub—aqueouslawnclosemown。
Thatlastwordisnofigureofspeech。Lookamongthebedsofsea—
weedforafewofthebrightyelloworgreensea—snails（Nerita），orConicalTops（Trochus），especiallythatbeautifulpinkonespottedwithbrown（Ziziphinus），whichyouaresuretofindaboutshadedrock—ledgesatdeadlowtide，andputthemintoyouraquarium。Forthepresent，theywillonlynibblethegreenulvae;
butwhenthefilmofyoungweedbeginstoform，youwillseeitmownoffeverymorningasfastasitgrows，inlittlesemicircularsweeps，justasifafairy’sscythehadbeenatworkduringthenight。
Andascythehasbeenatwork;noneotherthanthetongueofthelittleshell—fish;adescriptionofitsextraordinarymechanism（toolongtoquotehere，butwhichiswellworthreading）maybefoundinGosse’s\"Aquarium。\"（32）
Aprawnortwo，andafewminutestar—fish，willmakeyouraquariumcomplete;thoughyoumayaddtoitendlessly，asoneglanceatthesalt—watertanksoftheZoologicalGardens，andthestrangeandbeautifulformswhichtheycontain，willprovetoyousufficiently。
Youhavetwomoreenemiestoguardagainst，dust，andheat。Ifthesurfaceofthewaterbecomescloggedwithdust，thecommunicationbetweenitandthelife—givingoxygenoftheairiscutoff;andthenyouranimalsareliabletodie，fortheverysamereasonthatfishdieinapondwhichislongfrozenover，unlessaholebebrokenintheicetoadmittheair。Youmustguardagainstthisbyoccasionalstirringofthesurface，or，asIhavealreadysaid，bysyringingandbykeepingonacover。Apieceofmuslintiedoverwilldo;butabetterdefenceisaplateofglass，raisedonwiresomehalf—inchabovetheedge，soastoadmittheair。Iamnotsurethatasheetofbrownpaperlaidoverthevaseisnotthebestofall，becausethat，byitsshade，alsoguardsagainstthenextevil，whichisheat。Againstthatyoumustguardbyputtingacurtainofmuslinoroiledpaperbetweenthevaseandthesun，ifitbeveryfierce，orsimply（forsimpleexpedientsarebest）bylayingahandkerchiefoverittilltheheatispast。Butifyouleaveyourvaseinasunnywindowlongenoughtoletthewatergettepid，allisoverwithyourpets。Halfanhour’sboilingmayfrustratethecareofweeks。Andyet，ontheotherhand，lightyoumusthave，andyoucanhardlyhavetoomuch。Someanimalscertainlyprefershade，andhideinthedarkestcrannies;andforthem，ifyouraquariumislargeenough，youmustprovideshade，byarrangingthebitsofstoneintopilesandcaverns。Butwithoutlight，yoursea—weedswillneitherthrivenorkeepthewatersweet。
Withplentyoflightyouwillsee，toquoteMr。Gosseoncemore，（33）\"thousandsoftinyglobulesformingoneveryplant，andevenalloverthestones，wheretheinfantvegetationisbeginningtogrow;andtheseglobulespresentlyriseinrapidsuccessiontothesurfacealloverthevessel，andthisprocessgoesonuninterruptedlyaslongastheraysofthesunareuninterrupted。
\"NowtheseglobulesconsistofPUREOXYGEN，givenoutbytheplantsunderthestimulusoflight;andtothisoxygentheanimalsinthetankowetheirlife。Thedifferencebetweentheprofusionofoxygen—bubblesproducedonasunnyday，andthepaucityofthoseseenonadarkcloudyday，orinanorthernaspect，isverymarked。\"Choose，therefore，asouthoreastwindow，butdrawdowntheblind，orthrowahandkerchiefoveralliftheheatbecomefierce。Thewatershouldalwaysfeelcoldtoyourhand，letthetemperatureoutsidebewhatitmay。
Next，youmustmakeupforevaporationbyFRESHwater（averylittlewillsuffice），asoftenasinsummeryoufindthewaterinyourvasesinkbelowitsoriginallevel，andpreventthewaterfromgettingtoosalt。Forthesalts，remember，donotevaporatewiththewater;andifyouleftthevaseinthesunforafewweeks，itwouldbecomeamerebrine—pan。
Buthowwillyoumoveyourtreasuresuptotown？
ThesimplestplanwhichIhavefoundsuccessfulisanearthenjar。
Youmaybuythemwithacoverwhichscrewsonwithtwoironclasps。
Ifyoudonotfindsuch，apieceofoilskintiedoverthemouthisenough。Butdonotfillthejarfullofwater;leaveaboutaquarterofthecontentsinemptyair，whichthewatermayabsorb，andsokeepitselffresh。Andanypiecesofstone，oroysters，whichyousendup，hangbyastringfromthemouth，thattheymaynothurttenderanimalsbyrollingaboutthebottom。Withthesesimpleprecautions，anythingwhichyouarelikelytofindwillwellendureforty—eighthoursoftravel。
Whatifthewaterfails，afterall？
ThenMr。Gosse’sartificialsea—waterwillformaperfectsubstitute。Youmaybuytherequisitesalts（fortherearemoresaltsthan\"salt\"insea—water）fromanychemisttowhomMr。Gossehasentrustedhisdiscovery，and，accordingtohisdirections，makesea—waterforyourselfOnemorehintbeforewepart。If，afterall，youarenotgoingdowntothesea—sidethisyear，andhavenoopportunitiesoftesting\"thewondersoftheshore，\"youmaystillstudyNaturalHistoryinyourowndrawing—room，bylookingalittleinto\"thewondersofthepond。\"
Iamnotjesting;afresh—wateraquarium，thoughbynomeansasbeautifulasasalt—waterone，isevenmoreeasilyestablished。A
glassjar，flooredwithtwoorthreeinchesofpond—mud（whichshouldbecoveredwithfinegraveltopreventthemudwashingup）;
aspecimenofeachoftwowater—plantswhichyoumaybuynowatanygoodshopinCoventGarden，Vallisneriaspiralis（whichissaidtogivetotheCanvas—backedduckofAmericaitspeculiarrichnessofflavour），andAnacharisalsinastrum，thatmagicalweedwhich，latelyintroducedfromCanadaamongtimber，hasmultiplied，self—
sown，tosoprodigiousanextent，thatitbidfair，afewyearssince，tochokethenavigationnotonlyofourcanalsandfen—
rivers，butoftheThamesitself：（34）or，indefaultofthese，someofthemoredelicatepond—weeds;suchasCallitriche，Potamogetonpusillum，and，bestofall，perhaps，thebeautifulWater—Milfoil（Myriophyllium），whosecomb—likeleavesarethehauntsofnumberlessrareandcuriousanimalcules：—these（inthemselves，fromthetransparencyoftheircirculation，interestingmicroscopicobjects）foroxygen—breedingvegetables;andforanimals，thepickingsofanypond;aminnowortwo，aneft;afewofthedelicatepond—snails（unlesstheydevouryourplantstoorapidly）：water—beetles，ofactivityinconceivable，andthatwondrousbugtheNotonecta，wholiesonhisbackallday，rowingabouthisboat—shapedbody，withonelongpairofoars，insearchofanimalcules，andthemomentthelightsareout，turnsheadoverheels，rightshimself，andopeningapairofhandsomewings，startstoflyaboutthedarkroomincompanywithhisfriendthewater—
beetle，and（Isuspect）catchflies;andthenslipsbackdemurelyintothewaterwiththefirststreakofdawn。ButperhapsthemostinterestingofallthetribesoftheNaiads，—（indefault，ofcourse，ofthosesemi—humannymphswithwhichourTeutonicforefathers，liketheGreeks，peopledeach\"sacredfountain，\"）—
arethelittle\"water—crickets，\"whichmaybefoundrunningunderthepebbles，orburrowinginlittlegalleriesinthebanks：andthose\"caddises，\"whichcrawlonthebottominthestillerwaters，enclosed，allsavetheheadandlegs，inatubeofsandorpebbles，shellsorsticks，greenordeadweeds，oftenarrangedwithquaintsymmetry，orofverygracefulshape。Theiraspectinthisstatemaybesomewhatuninviting，buttheycompensatefortheiryouthfuluglinessbythestrangenessoftheirtransformations，andoftenbythedelicatebeautyoftheperfectinsects，asthe\"caddises，\"
risingtothesurface，becomeflyingPhryganeae（caperersandsand—
flies），generallyofvariousshadesoffawn—colour;andthewater—
crickets（thoughanunscientificeyemaybeabletodiscernbutlittledifferenceintheminthe\"larva，\"orimperfectstate）
changeintofliesofthemostvariousshapes;—one，perhaps，intothegreatsluggisholive\"Stone—fly\"（Perlabicaudata）;anotherintothedelicatelemon—coloured\"YellowSally\"（Chrysoperlaviridis）;anotherintothedarkchocolate\"Alder\"（Sialislutaria）：
andthemajorityintodunsanddrakes（Ephemerae）;whosegraceofform，anddelicacyofcolour，givethemarighttorankamongthemostexquisiteofGod’screations，fromthetiny\"Spinners\"（Ba塼isorChloron）ofincandescentglass，withgorgeousrainbow—colouredeyes，tothegreatGreenDrake（Ephemeravulgata），knowntoallfishermenastheprinceoftrout—flies。Theseanimals，theirhabits，theirmiraculoustransformations，mightgivemanyanhour’squietamusementtoaninvalid，laidonasofa，orimprisonedinasick—room，anddebarredfromreading，unlessbysomesuchmeans，anypageofthatgreatgreenbookoutside，whosepenisthefingerofGod，whosecoversarethefirekingdomsandthestarkingdoms，anditsleavestheheather—bells，andthepolypesofthesea，andthegnatsabovethesummerstream。
Isaidjustnow，thathappywasthesportsmanwhowasalsoanaturalist。And，havingoncementionedthesecuriouswater—flies，Icannothelpgoingalittlefarther，andsaying，thatluckyisthefishermanwhoisalsoanaturalist。Afairscientificknowledgeoftheflieswhichheimitates，andoftheirhabits，wouldoftenensurehimsport，whileothermenaregoinghomewithemptycreels。
Onewouldhavefanciedthisaself—evidentfact;yetIhaveneverfoundanysoundknowledgeofthenaturalwater—flieswhichhauntagivenstream，exceptamongcunningoldfishermenofthelowerclass，whogettheirlivingbythegentleart，andbringtoindoorsbasketsoftroutkilledonflies，whichlookasiftheyhadbeentiedwithapairoftongs，soroughandungainlyarethey;butwhich，nevertheless，kill，simplybecausetheyare（inCOLOUR，whichisallthatfishreallycarefor）exactlikenessesofsomeobscurelocalspecies，whichhappentobeonthewateratthetime。
Amonggentlemen—fishermen，ontheotherhand，sodeepistheignoranceofthenaturalfly，thatIhaveknowngoodsportsmenstillunderthedelusionthatthegreatgreenMay—flycomesoutofacaddis—bait;thegentlemenhavingneverseen，muchlessfishedwith，thatmostdeadlybaitthe\"Water—cricket，\"orfreecreepinglarvaoftheMay—fly，whichmaybefoundinMayundertheriver—
banks。Theconsequenceofthisignoranceisthattheydependforgoodpatternsoffliesonmerechanceandexperiment;andthattheshoppatterns，originallyexcellent，deterioratecontinually，tilllittleornolikenesstotheirlivingprototyperemains，beingtiedbytowngirls，whohavenomoreunderstandingofwhatthefeathersandmohairintheirhandsrepresentthantheyhaveofwhattheNationalDebtrepresents。Hencefollowsmanyafailureatthestream—side;becausethe\"Caperer，\"or\"Dun，\"or\"YellowSally，\"
whichisproducedfromthefly—book，though，possibly，likethebroodwhichcameoutthreeyearssinceonsomestreamahundredmilesaway，isquiteunlikethebroodwhichisoutto—dayonone’sownriver。Fornotonlydomostofthesefliesvaryincolourindifferentsoilsandclimates，butmanyofthemchangetheirhueduringlife;theEphemerae，especially，haveahabitofthrowingoffthewholeoftheirskins（even，marvellouslyenough，totheskinoftheeyesandwings，andthedelicate\"whisks\"attheirtail），andappearinginanutterlynewgarbaftertenminutes’
rest，tothediscomfitureoftheastonishedangler。
Thenaturalhistoryoftheseflies，IunderstandfromMr。Stainton（oneofourmostdistinguishedentomologists），hasnotyetbeenworkedout，atleastforEngland。Theonlyattempt，Ibelieve，inthatdirectionisonemadebyacharmingbook，\"TheFly—fisher’sEntomology，\"whichshouldbeineverygoodangler’slibrary;butwhyshouldnotafewfishermencombinetoworkoutthesubjectforthemselves，andstudyfortheinterestsbothofscienceandtheirownsport，\"TheWondersoftheBank？\"Thework，pettyasitmayseem，ismuchtoogreatforoneman，soprodigalisNatureofherforms，inthestreamasintheocean;butwhatifacorrespondencewereopenedbetweenafewfishermen—ofwhomoneshouldlive，say，bytheHampshireorBerkshirechalkstreams;anotherontheslatesandgranitesofDevon;anotheronthelimestonesofYorkshireorDerbyshire;anotheramongtheyetearlierslatesofSnowdonia，orsomemountainpartofWales;andmorethanoneamongthehillsoftheBorderandthelakesoftheHighlands？Eachwouldfind（I
suspect），oncomparinghisinsectswiththoseoftheothers，thathewasexploringalittlepeculiarworldofhisown，andthatwiththeexceptionofacertainnumberoftypicalforms，thefliesofhiscountywereunknownahundredmilesaway，or，atleast，appearedthereundergreatdifferencesofsizeandcolour;andeach，ifhewouldtakethetroubletocollectthecaddisesandwater—crickets，andbreedthemintotheperfectflyinanaquarium，wouldseemarvelsintheirtransformations，theirinstincts，theiranatomy，quiteasgreat（thoughnot，perhaps，asshowyandstartling）asIhavebeentryingtopointoutonthesea—shore。
Moreover，eachandeveryoneoftheparty，Iwillwarrant，willfindhisfellow—correspondents（perhapspreviouslyunknowntohim）
menworthknowing;not，itmaybe，ofthemeditativeandhalf—
saintlytypeofdearoldIzaakWalton（who，afterall，wasnofly—
fisher，butasedentary\"popjoy\"guiltyoffloatandworm），butrather，likehisfly—fishingdiscipleCotton，goodfellowsandmenoftheworld，and，perhaps，somethingbetteroverandabove。
Thesuggestionhasbeenmade。Williteverbetakenup，anda\"NaiadClub\"formed，forthecombinationofsportandscience？
And，now，howcanthisdesultorylittletreatiseendmoreusefullythaninrecommendingafewbooksonNaturalHistory，fitfortheuseofyoungpeople;andfittoserveasintroductionstosuchdeeperandlargerworksasYarrell’s\"BirdsandFishes，\"Bell’s\"Quadrupeds\"and\"Crustacea，\"ForbesandHanley’s\"Mollusca，\"
Owen’s\"FossilMammalsandBirds，\"andahostofotheradmirableworks？Notthatthislistwillcontainallthebest;butsimplythebestofwhichthewriterknows;let，therefore，nonefeelaggrieved，if，asitmaychance，openingthesepages，theyfindtheirbooksomitted。
Firstandforemost，certainly，comeMr。Gosse’sbooks。Thereisaplayfulandgenialspiritinthem，abrilliantpowerofword—
paintingcombinedwithdeepandearnestreligiousfeeling，whichmakesthemasmorallyvaluableastheyareintellectuallyinteresting。SinceWhite’s\"HistoryofSelborne，\"fewornowritersonNaturalHistory，saveMr。Gosse，Mr。G。H。Lewes，andpoorMr。E。Forbes，havehadthepowerofbringingoutthehumansideofscience，andgivingtoseeminglydrydisquisitionsandanimalsofthelowesttype，bylittletouchesofpathosandhumour，thatlivingandpersonalinterest，tobestowwhichisgenerallythespecialfunctionofthepoet：notthatWatertonandJessearenotexcellentinthisrespect，andauthorswhoshouldbeineveryboy’slibrary：buttheyareratheranecdotiststhansystematicorscientificinquirers;whileMr。Gosse，inhis\"NaturalistontheShoresofDevon，\"his\"TourinJamaica，\"his\"Tenby，\"andhis\"CanadianNaturalist，\"hasdoneforthosethreeplaceswhatWhitedidforSelborne，withalltheimprovedappliancesofasciencewhichhaswidenedanddeepenedtenfoldsinceWhite’stime。Mr。
Gosse’s\"ManualoftheMarineZoologyoftheBritishIsles\"is，forclassification，byfarthecompletesthandbookextant。HehascontrivedinittocompressmoresoundknowledgeofvastclassesoftheanimalkingdomthanIeversawbeforeinsosmallaspace。（35）
MissAnnePratt’s\"ThingsoftheSea—coast\"isexcellent;andstillbetterisProfessorHarvey’s\"Sea—sideBook，\"ofwhichitisimpossibletospeaktoohighly;andmostpleasantitistoseeamanofgeniusandlearningthusgatheringthebloomofhisvariedknowledge，toputitintoaformequallysuitedtoachildandaSAVANT。Seldom，perhaps，hastherebeenalittlebookinwhichsovastaquantityoffactshavebeentoldsogracefully，simply，withoutataintofpedantryorcumbrousness—anexcellencewhichisthesureandonlymarkofaperfectmasteryofthesubject。Mr。
G。H。Lewes’s\"Sea—shoreStudies\"arealsoveryvaluable;hardlyperhapsabookforbeginners，butfromhisadmirablepowerofdescription，whetherofanimalsorofscenes，isinterestingforallclassesofreaders。
Twolittle\"Popular\"Histories—oneofBritishZoophytes，theotherofBritishSea—weeds，byDr。Landsborough（sincedeadofcholera，atSaltcoats，thesceneofhisenergeticandpiousministry）—areveryexcellent;andarefurnished，too，withwell—
drawnandcolouredplates，forthecomfortofthosetowhomascientificnomenclature（asliableasanyotherhumanthingtobefaultyandobscure）conveysbutavagueconceptionoftheobjects。
Thesemayservewellforthebeginner，asintroductionstoProfessorHarvey’slargeworkonBritishAlgae，andtotheneweditionofProfessorJohnston’sinvaluable\"BritishZoophytes，\"
MissGifford’s\"MarineBotanist，\"thirdedition，andDr。Cocks’s\"Sea—weedCollector’sGuide，\"havealsobeenrecommendedbyahighauthority。
ForgeneralZoologythebestbooksforbeginnersare，perhaps，asageneralintroduction，theRev。J。A。L。Wood’s\"PopularZoology，\"
fullofexcellentplates;andforsystematicZoology，Mr。Gosse’sfourlittlebooks，onMammals，Birds，Reptiles，andFishes，publishedwithmanyplates，bytheChristianKnowledgeSociety，atamarvellouslycheaprate。Formiscroscopicanimalcules，MissAgnesCatlow’s\"DropsofWater\"willteachtheyoungmorethantheywilleverremember，andserveasagoodintroductiontothoseteemingabyssesoftheunseenworld，whichmustbeafterwardstraversedundertheguidanceofHassallandEhrenberg。
ForOrnithology，thereisnobook，afterall，likedearoldBewick，PASSEthoughhemaybeinascientificpointofview。ThereisagoodlittleBritishornithology，too，publishedinSirW。Jardine’s\"Naturalist’sLibrary，\"andanotherbyMr。Gosse。AndMr。Knox’s\"OrnithologicalRamblesinSussex，\"withMr。St。John’s\"HighlandSports，\"and\"TourinSutherlandshire，\"arethemonographsofnaturalists，gentlemen，andsportsmen，whichremindoneateverypage（andwhathigherpraisecanonegive？）ofWhite’s\"HistoryofSelborne。\"Theselast，withMr。Gosse’s\"CanadianNaturalist，\"andhislittlebook\"TheOcean，\"notforgettingDarwin’sdelightful\"VoyageoftheBeagleandAdventure，\"oughttobeinthehandsofeveryladwhoislikelytotraveltoourcolonies。
ForgeneralGeology，ProfessorAnsted’sIntroductionisexcellent;
while，asaspecimenofthewayinwhichasingledistrictmaybethoroughlyworkedout，andtheuniversalmethodofinductionlearntfromanarrowfieldofobjects，whatbookcan，orperhapseverwill，comparewithMr。HughMiller’s\"OldRedSandstone\"？
Forthislastreason，IespeciallyrecommendtotheyoungtheRev。
C。A。Johns’s\"WeekattheLizard，\"asteachingayoungpersonhowmuchthereistobeseenandknownwithinafewsquaremilesoftheseBritishIsles。But，indeed，allMr。Johns’sbooksaregood（astheyareboundtobe，consideringhismostaccurateandvariedknowledge），especiallyhis\"FlowersoftheField，\"thebestcheapintroductiontosystematicbotanywhichhasyetappeared。Trained，andallbutself—trained，likeMr。HughMiller，inaremoteandnarrowfieldofobservation，Mr。Johnshasdevelopedhimselfintooneofourmostacuteandperseveringbotanists，andhasaddedmanyanewtreasuretotheFloraoftheseisles;andoneperson，atleast，oweshimadeepdebtofgratitudeforfirstlessonsinscientificaccuracyandpatience，—lessonstaught，notdullyanddrylyatthebookanddesk，butlivinglyandgenially，inadventurousramblesoverthebleakcliffsandfernywoodsofthewildAtlanticshore，—
\"WheretheoldfableoftheguardedmountLookstowardNamancosandBayona’shold。\"
Mr。Henfrey’s\"RudimentsofBotany\"mightaccompanyMr。Johns’sbooks。Mr。Babington’s\"ManualofBritishBotany\"isalsomostcompactandhighlyfinished，andseemsthebestworkwhichIknowoffromwhichastudentsomewhatadvancedinEnglishbotanycanverifyspecies;whileforferns，Moore’s\"Handbook\"isprobablythebestforbeginners。
ForEntomology，which，afterall，isthestudymostfitforboys（asBotanyisforgirls）whohavenoopportunityforvisitingthesea—shore，Catlow’s\"PopularBritishEntomology，\"havingcolouredplates（adelighttoyoungpeople），andsayingsomethingofalltheorders，is，probably，stillagoodworkforbeginners。
Mr。Stainton’s\"Entomologist’sAnnualfor1855\"containsvaluablehintsofthatgentleman’sontakingandarrangingmothsandbutterflies;aswellasofMr。Wollaston’sonperformingthesamekindofficeforthatfarmorenumerous，andnotlessbeautifulclass，thebeetles。Thereisalsoanadmirable\"ManualofBritishButterfliesandMoths，\"byMr。Stainton，incourseofpublication;
but，perhaps，themostinterestingofallentomologicalbookswhichIhaveseen（andforintroducingmetowhichImustexpressmyheartythankstoMr。Stainton），is\"PracticalHintsrespectingMothsandButterflies，formingaCalendarofEntomologicalOperations，\"（36）byRichardShield，asimpleLondonworking—man。
IwouldgladlydevotemorespacethanIcanheresparetoareviewofthislittlebook，soperfectlydoesitcorroborateeverywordwhichIhavesaidalreadyastothemoralandintellectualvalueofsuchstudies。RichardShield，makinghimselfafirst—rate\"lepidopterist，\"whileworkingwithhishandsforapoundaweek，istheantitypeofMr。Peach，thecoast—guardsman，amonghisCornishtide—rocks。Butmorethanthis，thereisaboutShield’sbookatoneasofIzaakWaltonhimself，whichisverydelightful;
tender，poetical，andreligious，yetfullofquietquaintnessandhumour;showingineverypagehowtheloveforNaturalHistoryisinhimonlyoneexpressionofaloveforallthingsbeautiful，andpure，andright。IfanyreadersofthesepagesfancythatIover—
praisethebook，letthembuyit，andjudgeforthemselves。Theywillthushelpthegoodmantowardpursuinghisstudieswithlargerandbetterappliances，andwillbe（asIexpect）surprisedtofindhowmuchthereistobeseenanddone，evenbyaworking—man，withinaday’swalkofsmokyBabylonitself;andhoweasilyamanmight，ifhewould，washhissoulcleanforawhilefromalltheturmoilandintrigue，thevanityandvexationofspiritofthat\"too—populouswilderness，\"bygoingouttobealoneawhilewithGodinheaven，andwiththatearthwhichHehasgiventothechildrenofmen，notmerelyforthematerialwantsoftheirbodies，butasawitnessandasacramentthatinHimtheyliveandmove，andhavetheirbeing，\"notbybreadalone，butbyEVERYwordthatproceedethoutofthemouthofGod。\"
ThusIwrotesometwentyyearsago，whenthestudyofNaturalHistorywasconfinedmainlytoseveralscientificmen，ormerecollectorsofshells，insects，anddriedplants。
Sincethen，Iamgladtosay，ithasbecomeapopularandcommonpursuit，owing，Idoubtnot，totheimpulsegiventoitbythemanyauthorswhoseworksIthenrecommended。Irecommendthemstill;
thoughaswarmofothermanualsandpopularworkshaveappearedsince，excellentintheirway，andalmostbeyondcounting。Butallhonourtothose，andabovealltoMr。GosseandMr。Johns，whofirstopenedpeople’seyestothewondersaroundthemalldaylong。
Now，wehave，inadditiontoamusingbooksonspecialsubjects，serialsonNaturalHistorymoreorlessprofound，andsuitedtoeverykindofstudentandeverygradeofknowledge。Imentionthenamesofnone。Forfirst，theyhappilyneednoadvertisementfromme;andnext，Ifeartobeunjusttoanyoneofthembyinadvertentlyomittingitsname。Letmeadd，thatintheadvertisingcolumnsofthoseserials，willbefoundnoticesofallthenewmanuals，andofallapparatus，andothermatters，neededbyamateurnaturalists，andofmanywhoaremorethanamateurs。
Microscopy，meanwhile，andthewholestudyof\"TheWondersoftheLittle，\"havemadevaststridesinthelasttwentyyears;andIwasequallysurprisedandpleased，tofind，threeyearsago，ineachoftwotownsofafewthousandinhabitants，perhapsadozengoodmicroscopes，allbuthiddenawayfromthepublic，workedbymenwhoknewhowtohandlethem，andwhoknewwhattheywerelookingat;
butwhomodestlyrefrainedfromtellinganybodywhattheyweredoingsowell。Anditwasthisverydiscoveryofunsuspectedmicroscopistswhichmadememoredesirousthanevertosee—asI
seenowinmanyplaces—scientificsocieties，bymeansofwhichthefew，whootherwisewouldworkapart，maycommunicatetheirknowledgetoeachother，andtothemany。These\"Microscopic，\"
\"Naturalist，\"\"Geological，\"orothersocieties，andthe\"FieldClubs\"forexcursionsintothecountry，whichareusuallyconnectedwiththem，formamostpleasantandhopefulnewfeatureinEnglishSociety;bringingtogether，astheydo，almostallranks，allshadesofopinion;andithasgivenmedeeppleasuretosee，inthecaseatleastoftheCountryClubswithwhichIamacquainted，theclergyoftheChurchofEnglandtakinganactive，andoftenaleading，interestintheirpracticalwork。Thetownclergyare，forthemostpart，tooutterlyoverworkedtofollowtheexampleoftheircountrybrethren。ButIhavereasontoknowthattheyregardsuchsocieties，andNaturalHistoryingeneral，withnounfriendlyeyes;andthatthereislessfearthaneverthattheclergyoftheChurchofEnglandshouldhavetorelinquishtheirancientboast—
thatsincetheformationoftheRoyalSocietyintheseventeenthcentury，theyhavedonemoreforsoundphysicalsciencethananyotherpriesthoodorministryintheworld。Letmeadviseanyonewhomaydomethehonourofreadingthesepages，todiscoverwhethersuchaCluborSocietyexistsinhisneighbourhood，andtojoinitforthwith，certainthat—ifhisexperiencebeatalllikemine—hewillgainmostpleasantinformationandmostpleasantacquaintances，andpassmostpleasantdaysandevenings，amongpeoplewhomhewillbegladtoknow，andwhomheneverwouldhaveknownsaveforthenew—andnow，Ihope，rapidlyspreading—
freemasonryofNaturalHistory。
Meanwhile，Ihope—thoughIdarenotsayItrust—toseethedaywhentheboysofeachofourlargeschoolsshalljoin—likethoseofMarlboroughandClifton—thesamefreemasonry;andhavetheirownNaturalists’Clubs;naymore;whenourpublicschoolsanduniversitiesshallawaketotherealneedsoftheage，and—eventothecurtailingofthetimeusuallyspentinnotlearningLatinandGreek—teachboystherudimentsatleastofbotany，zoology，geology，andsoforth;andwhenthepublicopinion，atleastoftherefinedandeducated，shallconsideritasludicrous—tousenostrongerword—tobeignorantofthecommonestfactsandlawsofthislivingplanet，astobeignorantoftherudimentsoftwodeadlanguages。Allhonourtothesaidtwolanguages。Ignoranceofthemisaseriousweakness;foritimpliesignoranceofmanythingselse;andindeed，withoutsomeknowledgeofthem，thenomenclatureofthephysicalsciencescannotbemastered。ButIhavegottodiscoverthataboy’stimeismoreusefullyspent，andhisintellectmoremethodicallytrained，bygettingupOvid’sFastiwithanulteriorhopeofbeingabletowriteafewLatinverses，thaningettingupProfessorRolleston’s\"FormsofAnimalLife，\"oranyotheroftheexcellentScientificManualsforbeginners，whicharenow，asIsaid，happilysonumerous。
Maythatdaysooncome;andanolddreamofmine，andofmyscientificfriends，befulfilledatlast。
AndsoIendthislittlebook，hoping，evenpraying，thatitmayencourageafewmorelabourerstogoforthintoavineyard，whichthosewhohavetoiledinitknowtobefullofever—freshhealth，andwonderandsimplejoy，andthepresenceandthegloryofHimwhosenameisLOVE。
APPENDIX。
PLATEI。
ZOOPHYTA。POLYZOA。
THEformsofanimallifewhicharenowunitedinanindependentclass，underthenamePolyzoa，sonearlyresembletheHydroidZoophytesingeneralformandappearancethatacasualobservermaysupposethemtobenearlyidentical。Inallbutthemorerecentworks，theyaretreatedasdistinctindeed，butstillincludedunderthegeneralterm\"ZOOPHYTES。\"Theanimalsofbothgroupsareminute，polypiformcreatures，mostlylivingintransparentcells，springingfromthesidesofastemwhichunitesanumberofindividualsinonecommonlife，andgrowsinashrub—likeformuponanysubmarinebody，suchasashell，arock，aweed，orevenanotherpolypidomtowhichitisparasiticallyattached。Eachpolype，inbothclasses，protrudesfromandretreatswithinitscellbyanindependentaction，andwhenprotrudedputsforthacircleoftentacleswhosemotionroundthemouthisthemeansofsecuringnourishment。Thereare，however，peculiaritiesinthestructureofthePolyzoawhichseemtoremovethemfromZoophytologytoaplaceinthesystemofnaturemorenearlyconnectedwithMolluscantypes。Someofthemcomesoneartothecompoundascidiansthattheyhavebeentermed，asanorder，\"Zoophytaascidioida。\"
Thesimplestformofpolypeisthatofafleshybagopenatoneend，surmountedbyacircleofcontractilethreadsorfingerscalledtentacles。Theplateshows，onaveryminutescale，atfigs。1，3，and6，severaloftheselittlepolypiformbodiesprotrudingfromtheircells。ButtheHydraorFresh—waterPolypehasnocell，andisquiteunconnectedwithanyrootthread，orwithotherindividualsofthesamespecies。Itisperfectlyfree，andsosimpleinitsstructure，thatwhenthesacwhichformsitsbodyisturnedinsideoutitwillcontinuetoperformthefunctionsoflifeasbefore。Thegreaterpart，however，oftheseHydraformPolypes，althoughequallysimpleasindividuals，areconnectedinacompoundlifebymeansoftheirvariouslyformedPOLYPIDOM，asthebranchedsystemofcellsistermed。TheHydroidZoophytesarerepresentedinthefirstplatebythefollowingexamples。
HYDROIDA。
SERTULARIAROSEA。PL。I。FIG。6。
Aspecieswhichhasthecellsinpairsonoppositesidesofthecentraltube，withtheopeningsturnedoutwards。Inthemoreenlargedfigureisseenaseptumacrosstheinnerpartofeachcellwhichformsthebaseuponwhichthepolyperests。Fig。6B
indicatesthenaturalsizeofthepieceofbranchrepresented;butitmustberememberedthatthisisonlyasmallportionofthebushyshrub。
CAMPANULARIASYRINGA。PL。I。FIG。8。
ThisZoophytetwinesitselfparasiticallyuponaspeciesofSertularia。Thecellsinthisspeciesarethrownoutatirregularintervalsuponflexiblestemswhicharewrinkledinrings。Theyconsistoflengthened，cylindrical，transparentvases。
CAMPANULARIAVOLUBILIS。PL。I。FIG。9。
Astillmorebeautifulspecies，withlengthenedfoot—stalksringedateachend。Thepolypeisremarkablefortheprotrusionandcontractilepowerofitslips。Ithasabouttwentyknobbedtentacula。
POLYZOA。
AmongPolyzoatheanimal’sbodyiscoatedwithamembraneouscovering，likethatoftheTunicatedMollusca，butwhichisacontinuationoftheedgeofthecell，whichdoublesbackuponthebodyinsuchamannerthatwhentheanimalprotrudesfromitscellitpushesouttheflexiblemembranejustasonewouldturninsideoutthefingerofaglove。Thisonenessofcellandpolypeisadistinctivecharacterofthegroup。Anotheristhehigherorganizationoftheinternalparts。Themouth，surroundedbytentacles，leadsbygulletandgizzardthroughachannelintoadigestingstomach，fromwhichtherejectablematterpassesupwardsthroughanintestinalcanaltillitisdischargednearthemouth。
ThetentaclesalsodiffermuchfromthoseoftruePolypes。Insteadofbeingfleshyandcontractile，theyareratherstiff，resemblingspunglass，setonthesideswithvibratingcilia，whichbytheirmotionuponesideanddowntheotherofeachtentacle，produceacurrentwhichimpelstheirlivingfoodintothemouth。Whenthesetentaclesarewithdrawn，theyaregatheredupinabundle，likethestaysofanumbrella。OurPlateI。containsthefollowingexamplesofPolyzoa。
VALKERIACUSCUTA。PL。I。FIG。3。
FromagroupinoneofMr。Lloyd’svases。Fig。3Aisthenaturalsizeofthecentralgroupofcells，inaspecimencoiledroundathread—likeweed。Underneaththisisthesameportionenlarged。
Whenmagnifiedtothisapparentsize，thecellscouldbeseenindifferentstates，someclosed，andotherswiththeirbodiesprotruded。Whenmagnifiedto3D，wecouldpleasantlywatchthegradualeversionofthemembrane，thenthepointsofthetentaclesslowlyappearing，andthen，whenfullyprotruded，suddenlyexpandingintoabell—shapedcircle。Thiswastheirusualappearance，butsometimestheycouldbenoticedbendinginwards，asinfig。3C，asiftoimprisonsomelivingatomofimportance。
Fig。Brepresentstwotentacles，showingthedirectioninwhichtheciliavibrate。
CRISIADENTICULATA。PL。I。FIG。4。
Ihaveonlydrawnthecellsfromapreparedspecimen。Thepolypesarelikethosedescribedabove。
GEMELLARIALORICATA。PL。I。FIG。5。
Herethecellsareplacedinpairs，backtoback。5Aisaverysmallportiononthenaturalscale。
CELLULARIACILIATA。Pl。I。FIG。7
Thecellsarealternateonthestem，andarecuriouslyarmedwithlongwhip—likeciliaorspines。Onthebackofsomeofthecellsisaverystrangeappendage，theuseofwhichisnotwithcertaintyascertained。Itisaminutebody，slightlyresemblingavulture’shead，withamovablelowerbeak。Thewholeheadkeepsupanoddingmotion，andthemovablebeakoccasionallyopenswidely，andthensuddenlysnapstowithajerk。Ithasbeenseentoholdananimalculebetweenitsjawstillthelatterhasdied，butithasnopowertocommunicatethepreytothepolypeinitscellortoswallowanddigestitonitsownaccount。Itiscertainlynotanindependentparasite，ashasbeensupposed，andyetitspurposeintheanimaleconomyisamystery。Mr。Gosseconjecturesthatitsusemaybe，byholdinganimalculestilltheydieanddecay，toattractbytheirputrescencecrowdsofotheranimalcules，whichmaythusbedrawnwithintheinfluenceofthepolype’sciliatedtentacles。Fig。7Bshowstheformofoneofthese\"birds’heads，\"
andfig。7C，itspositiononthecell。
FLUSTRALINEATA。PL。I。FIG。1。
InFlustrae，thecellsareplacedsidebysideonanexpandedmembrane。Fig。1representsthegeneralappearanceofaspecieswhichatleastresemblesF。lineataasfiguredinJohnston’swork。
ItisspreaduponaFucus。Fig。Aisanenlargedviewofthecells。
FLUSTRAFOLIACEA。PL。I。FIG。2。
Wefigureafrondortwoofthecommonspecies，whichhascellsonbothsides。Itisrarelythatthepolypescanbeseeninastateofexpansion。
SERIALARIALENDIGERA。PL。I。fig。10。
NOTAMIABURSARIA。PL。I。fig。11。
The\"tobacco—pipe\"\"appendages，fig。11B，areofunknownuse：
theyareprobablyanalogoustothebirds’headsintheCellularae。
PLATEV。
CORALSANDSEAANEMONES。
CARYOPHYLLAEASMITHII。PL。V。FIG。2。PL。VI。FIG。3。
THEconnectionbetweenBrainstones，MushroomCorals，andotherMadreporesaboundingonPolynesianreefs，andthe\"SeaAnemones，\"
whichhavelatelybecomesofamiliartousall，canbeseenbycomparingourcomparativelyinsignificantC。SmithiiwithourcommonestspeciesofActiniaandSagartia。Theformerisabeautifulobjectwhenthefleshypartandtentaclesarewhollyorpartiallyexpanded。LikeActinia，ithasamembranouscovering，asimplesac—likestomach，acentralmouth，adisksurroundedbycontractileandadhesivetentacles。UnlikeActinia，itisfixedtosubmarinebodies，towhichitisgluedinveryearlylife，andcannotchangeitsplace。UnlikeActinia，itsbodyissupportedbyastonyskeletonofcalcareousplatesarrangededgewisesoastoradiatefromthecentre。ButaswefindsomeMolluscsfurnishedwithashell，andothersevenofthesamecharacterandhabitswithoutone，sowefindthatinspiteofthisseeminglyimportantdifference，theanimalsareverysimilarintheirnature。Sincetheintroductionofglasstankswehaveopportunitiesofseeinganemonescrawlingupthesides，soastoexhibittheirentirebasaldisk，andthenwemayobservelightlycolouredlinesofalesstransparentsubstancethantheinterstices，radiatingfromthemargintothecentre，someshort，othersreachingtheentiredistance，andarrangedinexactlythesamemannerastheplatesofCaryophyllaea。Thesearedoubtlessflexiblewallsofcompartmentsdividingthefleshypartsofthesofteranimals，andcorrespondingwiththeseptaofthecoral。Fig。2Arepresentsasectionofthelatter，tobecomparedwiththebasaldiskofSagartia。
SAGARTIAANGUICOMA。PL。V。FIG。3，A，B。
ThisgenushasbeenseparatedfromActiniaonaccountofitshabitofthrowingoutthreadswhenirritated。Althoughmyspecimensoftenassumedtheformrepresentedinfig。3，Mr。Lloydinformsmethatitmusthavearisenfromunhealthinessofcondition，itsusualhabitbeingtocontractintoamoreflattenedform。Whenfullyexpanded，itstransparentandlengthenedtentaclespresentabeautifulappearance。Fig。3A，showingabasaldisk，isgivenforthepurposealreadydescribed。
BALANOPHYLLAEAREGIA。PL。V。FIG。1。
AnotherspeciesofBritishmadrepore，foundbyMr。GosseatIlfracombe，andbyMr。KingsleyatLundyIsland。ItissmallerthanO。Smithii，ofaverybrightcolour，andalwayscoverstheupperpartofitsbonyskeleton，inwhichtheplatesaredifferentlyarrangedfromthoseofthesmallerspecies。Fig。1
showsthetentaclesexpandedinanunusualdegree;1A，animalcontracted;1B，thecoral;1C，atentacleenlarged。
PLATEVI。
CORALSANDSEAANEMONES。
ACTINIAMESEMBRYANTHEMUM。PL。VI。FIG。1A。
Thiscommonspeciesismorefrequentlymetwiththanmanyothers，becauseitprefersshallowwater，andoftenliveshighupamongrockswhichareonlycoveredbytheseaatveryhightide;sothatthecreaturecan，ifitwill，spendbutashortportionofitstimeimmersed。Whenuncoveredbythetide，itgathersupitsleatherytunic，andpresentstheappearanceoffig。1A。Whenunderwateritmayoftenbeseenexpandingitsflower—likediskandmovingitsfeelersinsearchoffood。Thesefeelershaveacertainpowerofadhesion，andanynottoovigorousanimalswhichtheytouchareeasilydrawntowardsthecentreandswallowed。Aroundthemarginofthetunicareseenpeepingoutbetweenthetentaclescertainbrightblueglobuleslookingverylikeeyes，butwhosepurposeisnotexactlyascertained。Fig。1representsthediskonlypartiallyexpanded。
BUNODESCRASSICORNIS。PL。VI。FIG。2。
ThisgenusofActinioidzoophytesisdistinguishedfromActiniaproperbythetuberclesorwartswhichstudtheoutercoveringoftheanimal。InB。gemmaceathesewartsarearrangedsymmetrically，soastogiveapeculiarlyjewelledappearancetothebody。Beingofalargesize，thetentaclesofB。crassicornisexhibitingreatperfectiontheadhesivepowersproducedbythenettlingthreadswhichproceedfromthem。
CARYOPHYLLAEASMITHII。PL。VI。FIG。3。
Thisfigureistoshowawhitervariety，withthefleshandtentaclesfullyexpandedPLATEVIII。
MOLLUSCA。
NASSARETICULATA。PL。VIII。fig。2，A，B，C，D，E，F
AVERYactiveMollusc，givenherechieflyonaccountoftheopportunityaffordedbythebirthofyoungfryinMr。Lloyd’stanks。TheNASSAfeedsonsmallanimalcules，forwhich，inaquaria，itmaybeseenroutingamongthesandandstones，sometimesburyingitselfamongthemsoasonlytoshowitscaudaltubemovingalongbetweenthem。ApairofNassaeinMr。Lloyd’scollection，deposited，onthe5thofApril，aboutfiftycapsulesorbagsofeggsuponthestemsofweeds（fig。2B）;eachcapsulecontainedaboutahundredeggs。Thecapsulesopenedonthe16thofMay，permittingtheescapeofrotiferousfry（fig。2，C，D，E），notintheslightestdegreeresemblingtheparent，butpresentingminutenautilus—shapedtransparentshells。Theseshellsratherhangonthancoverthebodies，whichhaveapairoflobes，aroundwhichvibrateminuteciliainsuchamannerastogivethemanappearanceofrotatorymotion。Underalenstheymaybeseenmovingaboutveryactivelyinvariouspositions，butalwayswiththelookofbeingmovedbyrapidlyturningwheels。Weshouldhavebeengladtowitnessthenextsteptowardsassumingtheirultimateform，butweredisappointed，astheembryosdied。Fig。2FisthetongueofaNassa，fromaphotographbyDr。Kingsley。
Footnotes：
（1）SERTULARIAOPERCULATAandGEMELLARIALOCICULATA;oranyofthesmallSERTULARIAE，comparedwithCRISIAEandCELLULARIAE，areverygoodexamples。Forafullerdescriptionofthese，seeAppendixexplainingPlateI。
（2）Ifanyinlandreaderwishestoseetheactionofthisfoot，inthebivalveMolluscs，lethimlookattheCommonPond—Mussel（AnodonCygneus），whichhewillfindinmoststagnantwaters，andseehowheburrowswithitinthemud，andhow，whenthewaterisdrawnoff，hewalkssolemnlyintodeeperwater，leavingafurrowbehindhim。
（3）TheseshellsaresocommonthatIhavenotcaredtofigurethem。
（4）PlateIX。Fig。3，representsbothparasitesonthedeadTurritella。
（5）Afewwordsonhim，andonsea—anemonesingeneral，maybefoundinAppendixII。Butfulldetails，accompaniedwithbeautifulplates，maybefoundinMr。Gosse’sworkonBritishsea—anemonesandmadrepores，whichoughttobeineveryseasidelibrary。
（6）HandbooktotheMarineAquariumoftheCrystalPalace。
（7）AnadmirablepaperonthisextraordinaryfamilymaybefoundintheZoologicalSociety’sProceedingsforJuly1858，byMessrs。S。
P。WoodwardandthelatelamentedLucasBarrett。SeealsoQuatrefages，I。82，orSynaptaDuvernaei。
（8）ThalassemaNeptuni（Forbes’BritishStar—Fishes，p。259），（9）TheLondonermayseespecimensofthemattheZoologicalGardensandattheCrystalPalace;asalsooftherareandbeautifulSabella，figuredinthesameplate;andoftheBalanophyllia，oraclosely—alliedspecies，fromtheMediterranean，mentionedinp。109。
（10）ANaturalist’sRamblesontheDevonshireCoast，p。110。
（11）Balanophylliaregia，PlateV。fig。1。
（12）Amphidotuscordatus。
（13）Echinusmiliaris，PlateVII。
（14）SeeProfessorSedgwick’slasteditionofthe\"DiscoursesontheStudiesofCambridge。\"
（15）Fissurellagraeca，PlateX。fig。5。
（16）Doristuberculataandbilineata。
（17）Eolispapilosa。ADorisandanEolis，thoughnotofthesespecies，arefiguredinPlateX。
（18）PlateIII。
（19）CertainParisianzoologistshavedonemethehonourtohintthatthisdescriptionwasaplayoffancy。Icanonlyanswer，thatIsawitwithmyowneyesinmyownaquarium。Iamnot，Ihope，inthehabitofdrawingonmyfancyinthepresenceofinfinitelymoremarvellousNature。Truthisquitestrangeenoughtobeinterestingwithoutlies。
（20）Saxicavarugosa，PlateXI。fig。2。
（21）PlateVIII。representsthecommonNassa，withthestillmorecommonLittorinalittorea，theirteeth—studdedpalates，andthefreeswimmingyoungoftheNassa。（VIDEAppendix。）
（22）CyproeaEuropoea。
（23）Botrylli。
（24）Molluscs。
Doristuberculata。
—bilineata。
Eolispapillosa。
Pleurobranchusplumila。
Neritina。
Cypraea。
Trochus，—2species。
Mangelia。
Triton。
Trophon。
Nassa，—2species。
Cerithium。
Sigaretus。
Fissurella。
Arcalactea。
Pectenpusio。
Tapespullastra。
Kelliasuborbicularis。
ShaeniaBinghami。
Saxicavarugosa。
Gastrochoenapholadia。
Pholasparva。
Anomiae，—2or3speciesCynthia，—2species。
Botryllus，do。
ANNELIDS。
Phyllodoce，andotherNereidworms。
Polynoesquamata。
CRUSTACEA。
4or5species。
ECHINODERMS。
Echinusmiliaris。
Asteriasgibbosa。
Ophiocomaneglecla。
CucumariaHyndmanni。
—communis。
POLYPES。
Sertulariapumila。
—rugosa。
—fallax。
—filicula。
Plumulariafalcata。
—setacea。
Laomedeageniculata。
Campanulariavolubilis。
Actiniamesembryanthemum。
Actiniaclavata。
—anguicoma。
—crassicornis。
Tubuliporapatina。
—hispida。
—serpens。
Crisiaeburnea。
Celleporapumicosa。
Lepraliae，—manyspecies。
Membraniporapilosa。
Cellulariaciliata。
—scruposa。
—reptans。
Flustramembranacea，&c。
（25）PlateXI。fig。1。
（26）PlateX。fig。1。
（27）ThereareveryfinespecimensintheCrystalPalace。
（28）Coryneramosa。
（29）Campanulariaintegra。
（30）CrisidiaEburnea。
（31）Aquarium，p。163。
（32）P。34。FiguresofitaregiveninPlateVIII。
（33）P。259。
（34）Butifanyyounglady，heraquariumhavingfailed，shall（asdozensdo）castoutthesameAnacharisintothenearestditch，sheshallbefollowedtohergravebythemaledictionsofallmillersandtrout—fishers。Seriously，thisisawantonactofinjurytotheneighbouringstreams，whichmustbecarefullyguardedagainst。
Aswellturnloosequeen—waspstobuildinyourneighbour’sbanks。
（35）Veryhighlyalso，ininterest，ranksM。Quatrefages’\"RamblesofaNaturalist\"（abouttheMediterraneanandtheFrenchCoast），translatedbyM。Otte。
（36）VanVoorst&Co。price3s。