第2章

’February23，1848。

’Whenat7o’clockto—dayIwentout，Imetalargebandgoingroundthestreets，callingontheinhabitantstoilluminatetheirhouses，andbearingtorches。Thiswasallverygoodfun，andeverybodywasdelighted;butastheystoppedratherlongandwereratherturbulentinthePlacedelaMadeleine，nearwherewelive’

[intheRueCaumartin]’asquadronofdragoonscameup，formed，andchargedatahand—gallop。Thiswasaveryprettysight;thecrowdwasnottoothick，sotheyeasilygotaway;andthedragoonsonlygaveblowswiththebackofthesword，whichhurtbutdidnotwound。IwasasclosetothemasIamnowtotheothersideofthetable;itwasratherimpressive，however。Atthesecondchargetheyrodeonthepavementandknockedthetorchesoutofthefellows’hands;ratherashame，too—wouldn’tbestoodinEngland……

[At]’tenminutestoten……IwentalongwayalongtheBoulevards，passingbytheofficeofForeignAffairs，whereGuizotlives，andwhereto—nighttherewereaboutathousandtroopsprotectinghimfromthefuryofthepopulace。Afterthiswaspassed，thenumberofthepeoplethickened，tillabouthalfamilefurtheron，Imetatroopofvagabonds，thewildestvagabondsintheworld—Parisvagabonds，wellarmed，havingprobablybrokenintogunsmiths’shopsandtakenthegunsandswords。Theywereaboutahundred。Thesewerefollowedbyaboutathousand（Iamratherdiminishingthanexaggeratingnumbersallthrough），indifferentlyarmedwithrustysabres，sticks，etc。Anuncountabletroopofgentlemen，workmen，shopkeepers’wives（Pariswomendareanything），ladies’maids，commonwomen—infact，acrowdofallclasses，thoughbyfarthegreaternumberwereofthebetterdressedclass—followed。Indeed，itwasasplendidsight：themobinfrontchantingthe\"MARSEILLAISE，\"thenationalwarhymn，graveandpowerful，sweetenedbythenightair—thoughnightinthesesplendidstreetswasturnedintoday，everywindowwasfilledwithlamps，dimtorchesweretossinginthecrowd……forGuizothaslatethisnightgiveninhisresignation，andthiswasanimprovisedillumination。

’Iandmyfatherhadturnedwiththecrowd，andwereclosebehindthesecondtroopofvagabonds。Joywasoneveryface。Iremarkedtopapathat\"Iwouldnothavemissedthesceneforanything，I

mightneverseesuchasplendidone，\"whenPLONGwentoneshot—

everyfacewentpale—R—R—R—R—Rwentthewholedetachment，[and]

thewholecrowdofgentlemenandladiesturnedandcut。Suchascene！—ladies，gentlemen，andvagabondswentsprawlinginthemud，notshotbuttrippedup;andthosethatwentdowncouldnotrise，theyweretrampledover……Iranashorttimestraightonanddidnotfall，thenturneddownasidestreet，ranfiftyyardsandfelttolerablysafe;lookedforpapa，didnotseehim;sowalkedonquickly，givingthenewsasIwent。’[Itappears，fromanotherletter，theboywasthefirsttocarrywordofthefiringtotheRueSt。Honore;andthathisnewswhereverhebroughtitwasreceivedwithhurrahs。ItwasanoddentranceuponlifeforalittleEnglishlad，thustoplaythepartofrumourinsuchacrisisofthehistoryofFrance。]

’Butnowanewfearcameoverme。Ihadlittledoubtbutmypapawassafe，butmyfearwasthatheshouldarriveathomebeforemeandtellthestory;inthatcaseIknewmymammawouldgohalfmadwithfright，soonIwentasquickaspossible。Iheardnomoredischarges。WhenIgothalfwayhome，Ifoundmywayblockedupbytroops。ThatwayortheBoulevardsImustpass。IntheBoulevardstheywerefighting，andIwasafraidallotherpassagesmightbeblockedup……andIshouldhavetosleepinahotelinthatcase，andthenmymamma—however，afteralongDETOUR，Ifoundapassageandranhome，andinourstreetjoinedpapa。

’……I’lltellyouto—morrowtheotherfactsgatheredfromnewspapersandpapa……TonightIhavegivenyouwhatIhaveseenwithmyowneyesanhourago，andbegantremblingwithexcitementandfear。IfIhavebeentoolongonthisonesubject，itisbecauseitisyetbeforemyeyes。

’Monday，24。

’Itwasthatfireraisedthepeople。TherewasfightingallthroughthenightintheRueNotreDamedeLorette，ontheBoulevardswheretheyhadbeenshotat，andatthePorteSt。Denis。

Atteno’clock，theyresignedthehouseoftheMinisterofForeignAffairs（wherethedisastrousvolleywasfired）tothepeople，whoimmediatelytookpossessionofit。Iwenttoschool，but[was]

hardlytherewhentherowinthatquartercommenced。Barricadesbegantobefixed。Everyonewasverygravenow;theEXTERNESwentaway，butnoonecametofetchme，soIhadtostay。Nolessonscouldgoon。Atroopofarmedmentookpossessionofthebarricades，soitwassupposedIshouldhavetosleepthere。Therevolterscameandaskedforarms，butDeluc（head—master）isaNationalGuard，andhesaidhehadonlyhisownandhewantedthem;

buthesaidhewouldnotfireonthem。Thentheyaskedforwine，whichhegavethem。Theytookgoodcarenottogetdrunk，knowingtheywouldnotbeabletofight。Theywereverypoliteandbehavedextremelywell。

’About12o’clockaservantcameforaboywholivednearme，[and]

Delucthoughtitbesttosendmewithhim。Weheardagooddealoffiringnear，butdidnotcomeacrossanyoftheparties。Asweapproachedtherailway，thebarricadeswerenolongerformedofpalings，planks，orstones;buttheyhadgotalltheomnibusesastheypassed，sentthehorsesandpassengersabouttheirbusiness，andturnedthemover。Adoublerowofoverturnedcoachesmadeacapitalbarricade，withafewpavingstones。

’WhenIgothomeIfoundtomyastonishmentthatinourfightingquarteritwasmuchquieter。MammahadjustbeenoutseeingthetroopsinthePlacedelaConcorde，whensuddenlytheMunicipalGuard，nowfairlyexasperated，preventedtheNationalGuardfromproceeding，andfiredatthem;theNationalGuardhadcomewiththeirmusketsnotloaded，butatlengthreturnedthefire。MammasawtheNationalGuardfire。TheMunicipalGuardwereroundthecorner。Shewasdelightedforshesawnopersonkilled，thoughmanyoftheMunicipalswere……

’Iimmediatelywentoutwithmypapa（mammahadjustcomebackwithhim）andwenttothePlacedelaConcorde。TherewasanenormousquantityoftroopsinthePlace。SuddenlythegatesofthegardensoftheTuileriesopened：werushedforward，outgalloppedanenormousnumberofcuirassiers，inthemiddleofwhichwereacoupleoflowcarriages，saidfirsttocontaintheCountdeParisandtheDuchessofOrleans，butafterwardstheysaiditwastheKingandQueen;andthenIheardhehadabdicated。Ireturnedandgavethenews。

’WentoutagainuptheBoulevards。ThehouseoftheMinisterofForeignAffairswasfilledwithpeopleand\"HOTELDUPEUPLE\"

writtenonit;theBoulevardswerebarricadedwithfineoldtreesthatwerecutdownandstretchedallacrosstheroad。Wewentthroughagreatmanylittlestreets，allstronglybarricaded，andsentinelsofthepeopleattheprincipalofthem。Thestreetswereveryunquiet，filledwitharmedmenandwomen，forthetroopshadfollowedtheex—KingtoNeuillyandleftParisinthepowerofthepeople。WemetthecaptainoftheThirdLegionoftheNationalGuard（whohadprincipallyprotectedthepeople），badlywoundedbyaMunicipalGuard，stretchedonalitter。Hewasinpossessionofhissenses。Hewassurroundedbyatroopofmencrying\"Ourbravecaptain—wehavehimyet—he’snotdead！VIVELAREFORME！\"Thiscrywasrespondedtobyall，andeveryonesalutedhimashepassed。Idonotknowifhewasmortallywounded。ThatThirdLegionhasbehavedsplendidly。

’Ithenreturned，andshortlyafterwardswentoutagaintothegardenoftheTuileries。Theyweregivenuptothepeopleandthepalacewasbeingsacked。Thepeoplewerefiringblankcartridgestotestifytheirjoy，andtheyhadacannononthetopofthepalace。Itwasasighttoseeapalacesackedandarmedvagabondsfiringoutofthewindows，andthrowingshirts，papers，anddressesofallkindsoutofthewindows。Theyarenotrogues，theseFrench;theyarenotstealing，burning，ordoingmuchharm。IntheTuileriestheyhavedressedupsomeofthestatues，brokensome，andstolennothingbutqueerdresses。Isay，Frank，youmustnothatetheFrench;hatetheGermansifyoulike。TheFrenchlaughatusalittle，andcalloutGODDAMinthestreets;butto—day，incivilwar，whentheymighthaveputabulletthroughourheads，I

neverwasinsultedonce。

’AtpresentwehaveaprovisionalGovernment，consistingofOdion[SIC]Barrot，Lamartine，Marast，andsomeothers;amongthemacommonworkman，butveryintelligent。Thisisatriumphofliberty—rather！

’Nowthen，Frank，whatdoyouthinkofit？Iinarevolutionandoutallday。Justthink，whatfun！Soitwasatfirst，tillIwasfiredatyesterday;butto—dayIwasnotfrightened，butitturnedmesickatheart，Idon’tknowwhy。Therehasbeennogreatbloodshed，[though]Icertainlyhaveseenmen’sbloodseveraltimes。Butthere’ssomethingshockingtoseeawholearmedpopulace，thoughnotfurious，fornotonesingleshophasbeenbrokenopen，exceptthegunsmiths’shops，andmostofthearmswillprobablybetakenbackagain。FortheFrenchhavenocupidityintheirnature;theydon’tliketosteal—itisnotintheirnature。

Ishallsendthisletterinadayortwo，whenIamsurethepostwillgoagain。IknowIhavebeenalongtimewriting，butIhopeyouwillfindthematterofthisletterinteresting，ascomingfromapersonresidentonthespot;thoughprobablyyoudon’ttakemuchinterestintheFrench，butIcanthink，write，andspeakonnoothersubject。

’Feb。25。

’Thereisnomorefighting，thepeoplehaveconquered;butthebarricadesarestillkeptup，andthepeopleareinarms，morethaneverfearingsomenewactoftreacheryonthepartoftheex—King。

ThefightwhereIwaswastheprincipalcauseoftheRevolution。I

wasinlittledangerfromtheshot，fortherewasanimmensecrowdinfrontofme，thoughquitewithingunshot。[Byanotherletter，ahundredyardsfromthetroops。]IwishedIhadstoppedthere。

’TheParisstreetsarefilledwiththemostextraordinarycrowdsofmen，womenandchildren，ladiesandgentlemen。Everypersonjoyful。Thebandsofarmedmenareperfectlypolite。Mammaandauntto—daywalkedthrougharmedcrowdsalone，thatwerefiringblankcartridgesinalldirections。Everypersonmadewaywiththegreatestpoliteness，andonecommonmanwithablouse，comingbyaccidentagainstherimmediatelystoppedtobegherpardoninthepolitestmanner。Therearefewdrunkenmen。TheTuileriesisstillbeingrunoverbythepeople;theyonlybroketwothings，abustofLouisPhilippeandoneofMarshalBugeaud，whofiredonthepeople……

’Ihavebeenoutalldayagainto—day，andprecioustiredIam。

TheRepublicanpartyseemthestrongest，andaregoingaboutwithredribbonsintheirbutton—holes……

’Thetitleof\"Mister\"isabandoned;theysaynothingbut\"Citizen，\"andthepeopleareshakinghandsamazingly。Theyhavegottothetopofthepublicmonuments，and，minglingwithbronzeorstonestatues，fiveorsixmakeasortofTABLEAUVIVANT，thetopmanholdinguptheredflagoftheRepublic;andrightwelltheydoit，andverypicturesquetheylook。IthinkIshallputthisletterinthepostto—morrowaswegotaletterto—night。

（OnEnvelope。）

’M。LamartinehasnowbyhiseloquenceconqueredthewholearmedcrowdofcitizensthreateningtokillhimifhedidnotimmediatelyproclaimtheRepublicandredflag。HesaidhecouldnotyieldtothecitizensofParisalone，thatthewholecountrymustbeconsulted;thathechosethetricolour，forithadfollowedandaccompaniedthetriumphsofFranceallovertheworld，andthattheredflaghadonlybeendippedinthebloodofthecitizens。Forsixtyhourshehasbeenquietingthepeople：heisattheheadofeverything。Don’tbeprejudiced，Frank，bywhatyouseeinthepapers。TheFrenchhaveactednobly，splendidly;therehasbeennobrutality，plundering，orstealing……IdidnotliketheFrenchbefore;butinthisrespecttheyarethefinestpeopleintheworld。Iamsogladtohavebeenhere。’

Andthereonecouldwishtostopwiththisapotheosisoflibertyandorderreadwiththegenerousenthusiasmofaboy;butasthereaderknows，itwasbutthefirstactofthepiece。Theletters，vividastheyare，writtenastheywerebyahandtremblingwithfearandexcitement，yetdoinjustice，intheirboyishnessoftone，totheprofoundeffectproduced。Atthesoundofthesesongsandshotofcannon，theboy’smindawoke。HedatedhisownappreciationoftheartofactingfromthedaywhenhesawandheardRachelrecitethe’MARSEILLAISE’attheFrancais，thetricolourinherarms。Whatisstillmorestrange，hehadbeenuptotheninvinciblyindifferenttomusic，insomuchthathecouldnotdistinguish’GodsavetheQueen’from’BonnieDundee’;andnow，tothechantingofthemob，heamazedhisfamilybylearningandsinging’MOURIRPOURLAPATRIE。’Buttheletters，thoughtheypreparethemindfornosuchrevolutionintheboy’stastesandfeelings，areyetfullofentertainingtraits。LetthereadernoteFleeming’seagernesstoinfluencehisfriendFrank，anincipientTory（noless）asfurtherhistorydisplayed;hisunconsciousindifferencetohisfatheranddevotiontohismother，betrayedinsomanysignificantexpressionsandomissions;thesenseofdignityofthisdiminutive’personresidentonthespot，’whowassohappyastoescapeinsult;andthestrangepictureofthehousehold—

father，mother，son，andevenpoorAuntAnna—alldayinthestreetsinthethickofthisroughbusiness，andtheboypackedoffalonetoschoolinadistantquarterontheverymorrowofthemassacre。

Theyhadallthegiftofenjoyinglife’stextureasitcomes;theywereallbornoptimists。Thenameoflibertywashonouredinthatfamily，itsspiritalso，butwithinstringentlimits;andsomeoftheforeignfriendsofMrs。Jenkinwere，asIhavesaid，mendistinguishedontheLiberalside。LikeWordsworth，theybeheldFrancestandingonthetopofgoldenhoursAndhumannatureseemingbornagain。

Atonce，bytemperandbelief，theywereformedtofindtheirelementinsuchadecentandwhiggishconvulsion，spectacularinitscourse，moderateinitspurpose。Forthem，Blisswasitinthatdawntobealive，Buttobeyoungwasveryheaven。

AndIcannotbutsmilewhenIthinkthat（againlikeWordsworth）

theyshouldhavesospeciallydislikedtheconsequence。

Itcameuponthembysurprise。Liberalfriendsofthepreciserightshadeofcolourhadassuredthem，inMrs。Turner’sdrawing—

room，thatallwasforthebest;andtheyroseonJanuary23

withoutfear。Aboutthemiddleofthedaytheyheardthesoundofmusketry，andthenextmorningtheywerewakenedbythecannonade。

TheFrenchwhohadbehavedso’splendidly，’pausing，atthevoiceofLamartine，justwherejudiciousLiberalscouldhavedesired—

theFrench，whohad’nocupidityintheirnature，’werenowabouttoplayavariationonthethemerebellion。TheJenkinstookrefugeinthehouseofMrs。Turner，thehouseofthefalseprophets，’AnnagoingwithMrs。Turner，thatshemightbepreventedspeakingEnglish，Fleeming，MissH。andI（itisthemotherwhowrites）walkingtogether。AswereachedtheRuedeClichy，thereportofthecannonsoundedclosetoourearsandmadeourheartssick，Iassureyou。ThefightingwasatthebarrierRochechouart，afewstreetsoff。AllSaturdayandSundaywewereapreytogreatalarm，therecamesomanyreportsthattheinsurgentsweregettingtheupperhand。Onecouldtellthestateofaffairsfromtheextremequietorthesuddenhuminthestreet。Whenthenewswasbad，allthehousesclosedandthepeopledisappeared;whenbetter，thedoorshalfopenedandyouheardthesoundofmenagain。FromtheupperwindowswecouldseeeachdischargefromtheBastille—I

meanthesmokerising—andalsotheflamesandsmokefromtheBoulevardlaChapelle。Wewerefourladies，andonlyFleemingbywayofaman，anddifficultyenoughwehadtokeephimfromjoiningtheNationalGuards—hisprideandspiritwerebothfired。Youcannotpicturetoyourselfthemultitudesofsoldiers，guards，andarmedmenofallsortswewatched—notclosetothewindow，however，forsuchhavochadbeenmadeamongthembythefiringfromthewindows，thatasthebattalionsmarchedby，theycried，\"Fermezvosfenetres！\"anditwasverypainfultowatchtheirlooksofanxietyandsuspicionastheymarchedby。’

’TheRevolution，’writesFleemingtoFrankScott，’wasquitedelightful：gettingpoppedatandrunatbyhorses，andgivingsousforthewoundedintolittleboxesguardedbytheraggedest，picturesquest，delightfullest，sentinels;buttheinsurrection！

ugh，Ishuddertothinkat[SIC]it。’Hefoundit’notabitoffunsittingboxedupinthehousefourdaysalmost……IwastheonlyGENTLEMANtofourladies，anddidn’ttheykeepmeinorder！I

didnotdaretoshowmyfaceatawindow，forfearofcatchingastrayballorbeingforcedtoentertheNationalGuard;[for]theywouldhaveitIwasamanfull—grown，French，andeverywayfittofight。Andmymammawasasbadasanyofthem;shethattoldmeI

wasacowardlasttimeifIstayedinthehouseaquarterofanhour！ButIdrew，examinedthepistols，ofwhichIfoundlotswithcaps，powder，andball，whilesometimesmurderousintentionsofkillingadozeninsurgentsanddyingviolentlyoverpoweredbynumbers……’Wemaydropthissentencehere：undertheconductofitsboyishwriter，itwastoreachnolegitimateend。

FourdaysofsuchadisciplinehadcuredthefamilyofParis;thesameyearFleemingwastowrite，inanswerapparentlytoaquestionofFrankScott’s，’IcouldfindnonationalgameinFrancebutrevolutions’;andthewitticismwasjustifiedintheirexperience。

Onthefirstpossibleday，theyappliedforpassports，andwereadvisedtotaketheroadtoGeneva。ItappearsitwasscarcesafetoleaveParisforEngland。CharlesReade，withkeendramaticgusto，hadjustsmuggledhimselfoutofthatcityinthebottomofacab。Englishgoldhadbeenfoundontheinsurgents，thenameofEnglandwasinevilodour;anditwasthus—forstrategicreasons，sotospeak—thatFleemingfoundhimselfonthewaytothatItalywherehewastocompletehiseducation，andforwhichhecherishedtotheendaspecialkindness。

ItwasinGenoatheysettled;partlyforthesakeofthecaptain，whomighttherefindnavalcomrades;partlybecauseoftheRuffinis，whohadbeenfriendsofMrs。Jenkinintheirtimeofexileandwerenowconsiderablemenathome;partly，infine，withhopesthatFleemingmightattendtheUniversity;inpreparationforwhichhewasputatoncetoschool。ItwastheyearofNovara;

MazziniwasinRome;thedrybonesofItalyweremoving;andforpeopleofalertandliberalsympathiesthetimewasinspiriting。

WhatwithexilesturnedMinistersofState，universitiesthrownopentoProtestants，FleeminghimselfthefirstProtestantstudentinGenoa，andthus，ashismotherwrites，’alivinginstanceoftheprogressofliberalideas’—itwaslittlewonderiftheenthusiasticyoungwomanandthecleverboywereheartandsouluponthesideofItaly。Itshouldnotbeforgottenthattheywerebothontheirfirstvisittothatcountry;themotherstillchildenough’tobedelightedwhenshesawrealmonks’;andbothmotherandsonthrillingwiththefirstsightofsnowyAlps，theblueMediterranean，andthecrowdedportandthepalacesofGenoa。Norwastheirzealwithoutknowledge。Ruffini，deputyforGenoaandsoontobeheadoftheUniversity，wasattheirside;andbymeansofhimthefamilyappeartohavehadaccesstomuchItaliansociety。Totheend，FleemingprofessedhisadmirationofthePiedmonteseandhisunalterableconfidenceinthefutureofItalyundertheirconduct;forVictorEmanuel，Cavour，thefirstLaMarmoraandGaribaldi，hehadvaryingdegreesofsympathyandpraise：perhapshighestfortheKing，whosegoodsenseandtemperfilledhimwithrespect—perhapsleastforGaribaldi，whomhelovedbutyetmistrusted。

Butthisistolookforward：thesewerethedaysnotofVictorEmanuelbutofCharlesAlbert;anditwasonCharlesAlbertthatmotherandsonhadnowfixedtheireyesasonthesword—bearerofItaly。OnFleeming’ssixteenthbirthday，theywere，themotherwrites，’ingreatanxietyfornewsfromthearmy。Youcanhavenoideawhatitistoliveinacountrywheresuchastruggleisgoingon。Theinterestisonethatabsorbsallothers。Weeat，drink，andsleeptothenoiseofdrumsandmusketry。YouwouldenjoyandalmostadmireFleeming’senthusiasmandearnestness—and，courage，Imaysay—forweareamongthesmallminorityofEnglishwhosidewiththeItalians。Theotherday，atdinnerattheConsul’s，boyasheis，andinspiteofmyadmonitions，FleemingdefendedtheItaliancause，andsowellthathe\"trippeduptheheelsofhisadversary\"simplyfrombeingwell—informedonthesubjectandhonest。Heisastrueassteel，andfornoonewillhebendrightorleft……DonotfancyhimaBobadil，’sheadds，’heisonlyaverytrue，candidboy。Iamsogladheremainsinallrespectsbutinformationagreatchild。’

Ifthisletteriscorrectlydated，thecausewasalreadylostandtheKinghadalreadyabdicatedwhentheselineswerewritten。NosoonerdidthenewsreachGenoa，thantherebegan’tumultuousmovements’;andtheJenkins’receivedhintsitwouldbewisetoleavethecity。Buttheyhadfriendsandinterests;eventhecaptainhadEnglishofficerstokeephimcompany，forLordHardwicke’sship，theVENGEANCE，layinport;andsupposingthedangertobereal，Icannotbutsuspectthewholefamilyofadividedpurpose，prudencebeingpossiblyweakerthancuriosity。

Stay，atleast，theydid，andthusroundedtheirexperienceoftherevolutionaryyear。OnSunday，April1，Fleemingandthecaptainwentforaramblebeyondthewalls，leavingAuntAnnaandMrs。

Jenkintowalkonthebastionswithsomefriends。Onthewayback，thispartyturnedasidetorestintheChurchoftheMadonnadelleGrazie。’Wehadremarked，’writesMrs。Jenkin，’theentireabsenceofsentinelsontheramparts，andhowthecannonswereleftinsolitarystate;andIhadjustremarked\"Howquieteverythingis！\"

whensuddenlyweheardthedrumsbegintobeatanddistantshouts。

ACCUSTOMEDASWEAREtorevolutions，weneverthoughtofbeingfrightened。’Forallthat，theyresumedtheirreturnhome。Onthewaytheysawmenrunningandvociferating，butnothingtoindicateageneraldisturbance，until，neartheDuke’spalace，theycameuponandpassedashoutingmobdraggingalongwithitthreecannon。

Ithadscarcelypassedbeforetheyheard’arushingsound’;oneofthegentlementhrustbackthepartyofladiesunderashed，andthemobpassedagain。Afine—lookingyoungmanwasintheirhands;andMrs。Jenkinsawhimwithhismouthopenasifhesoughttospeak，sawhimtossedfromonetoanotherlikeaball，andthensawhimnomore。’Hewasdeadafewinstantsafter，butthecrowdhidthatterrorfromus。Mykneesshookundermeandmysightleftme。’

Withthisstreettragedy，thecurtainroseupontheirsecondrevolution。

TheattackonSpiritoSanto，andthecapitulationanddepartureofthetroopsspeedilyfollowed。GenoawasinthehandsoftheRepublicans，andnowcameatimewhentheEnglishresidentswereinapositiontopaysomereturnforhospitalityreceived。Norweretheybackward。OurConsul（thesamewhohadthebenefitofcorrectionfromFleeming）carriedtheIntendenteonboardtheVENGEANCE，escortinghimthroughthestreets，gettingalongwithhimonboardashoreboat，andwhentheinsurgentslevelledtheirmuskets，standingupandnaminghimself，’CONSOLEINGLESE。’A

friendoftheJenkins’，CaptainGlynne，hadamorepainful，ifalessdramaticpart。OneColonelNosozzohadbeenkilled（Iread）

whiletryingtopreventhisownartilleryfromfiringonthemob;

butinthathell’scauldronofadistractedcity，therewerenodistinctionsmade，andtheColonel’swidowwashuntedforherlife。

Inhergriefandperil，theGlynnesreceivedandhidher;CaptainGlynnesoughtandfoundherhusband’sbodyamongtheslain，saveditfortwodays，broughtthewidowalockofthedeadman’shair;

butatlast，themobstillstrictlysearching，seemstohaveabandonedthebody，andconveyedhisguestonboardtheVENGEANCE。

TheJenkinsalsohadtheirrefugees，thefamilyofanEMPLOYE

threatenedbyadecree。’YoushouldhaveseenmemakingaUnionJacktonailoverourdoor，’writesMrs。Jenkin。’Ineverworkedsofastinmylife。MondayandTuesday，’shecontinues，’weretolerablyquiet，ourheartsbeatingfastinthehopeofLaMarmora’sapproach，thestreetsbarricaded，andnonebutforeignersandwomenallowedtoleavethecity。’OnWednesday，LaMarmoracameindeed，butintheuglyformofabombardment;andthateveningtheJenkinssatwithoutlightsabouttheirdrawing—roomwindow，’watchingthehugeredflashesofthecannon’fromtheBrigatoandLaSpeculaforts，andhearkening，notwithoutsomeawfulpleasure，tothethunderofthecannonade。

LordHardwickeintervenedbetweentherebelsandLaMarmora;andtherefollowedatroubledarmistice，filledwiththevoiceofpanic。NowtheVENGEANCEwasknowntobeclearedforaction;nowitwasrumouredthatthegalleyslavesweretobeletlooseuponthetown，andnowthatthetroopswouldenteritbystorm。Crowds，trustingintheUnionJackovertheJenkins’door，cametobegthemtoreceivetheirlinenandothervaluables;norcouldtheirinstancesberefused;andinthemidstofallthisbustleandalarm，pilesofgoodsmustbeexaminedandlonginventoriesmade。

Atlastthecaptaindecidedthingshadgonetoofar。Hehimselfapparentlyremainedtowatchoverthelinen;butatfiveo’clockontheSundaymorning，AuntAnna，Fleeming，andhismotherwererowedinapourofrainonboardanEnglishmerchantman，tosuffer’ninemortalhoursofagonisingsuspense。’Withtheendofthattime，peacewasrestored。OnTuesdaymorningofficerswithwhiteflagsappearedonthebastions;then，regimentbyregiment，thetroopsmarchedin，twohundredmensleepingonthegroundflooroftheJenkins’house，thirtythousandinallenteringthecity，butwithoutdisturbance，oldLaMarmorabeingacommanderofaRomansternness。

Withthereturnofquiet，andthereopeningoftheuniversities，webeholdanewcharacter，SignorFlaminio：theprofessors，itappears，madenoattemptupontheJenkin;andthusreadilyitalianisedtheFleeming。Hecamewellrecommended;fortheirfriendRuffiniwasthen，orsoonafter，raisedtobetheheadoftheUniversity;andtheprofessorswereverykindandattentive，possiblytoRuffini’sPROTEGE，perhapsalsotothefirstProtestantstudent。ItwasnojokeforSignorFlaminioatfirst;certificateshadtobegotfromParisandfromRectorWilliams;theclassicsmustbefurbishedupathomethathemightfollowLatinlectures;

examinationsbristledinthepath，theentranceexaminationwithLatinandEnglishessay，andoraltrials（muchsoftenedfortheforeigner）inHorace，Tacitus，andCicero，andthefirstUniversityexaminationonlythreemonthslater，inItalianeloquence，noless，andotherwidersubjects。OnonepointthefirstProtestantstudentwasmovedtothankhisstars：thattherewasnoGreekrequiredforthedegree。Littledidhethink，ashesetdownhisgratitude，howmuch，inlaterlifeandamongcribsanddictionaries，hewastolamentthiscircumstance;norhowmuchofthatlaterlifehewastospendacquiring，withinfinitetoil，ashadowofwhathemightthenhavegotwitheaseandfully。ButifhisGenoeseeducationwasinthisparticularimperfect，hewasfortunateinthebranchesthatmoreimmediatelytouchedonhiscareer。ThephysicallaboratorywasthebestmountedinItaly。

Bancalari，theprofessorofnaturalphilosophy，wasfamousinhisday;bywhatseemsevenanoddcoincidence，hewentdeeplyintoelectromagnetism;anditwasprincipallyinthatsubjectthatSignorFlaminio，questionedinLatinandansweringinItalian，passedhisMasterofArtsdegreewithfirst—classhonours。Thathehadsecuredthenoticeofhisteachers，onecircumstancesufficientlyproves。AphilosophicalsocietywasstartedunderthepresidencyofMamiani，’oneoftheexaminersandoneoftheleadersoftheModerateparty’;andoutoffivepromisingstudentsbroughtforwardbytheprofessorstoattendthesittingsandpresentessays，SignorFlaminiowasone。Icannotfindthatheeverreadanessay;andindeedIthinkhishandswereotherwisetoofull。Hefoundhisfellow—students’notsuchabadsetofchaps，’andpreferredthePiedmontesebeforetheGenoese;butIsuspecthemixednotveryfreelywitheither。Notonlywerehisdaysfilledwithuniversitywork，buthissparehourswerefullydedicatedtotheartsundertheeyeofabelovedtask—mistress。Heworkedhardandwellintheartschool，whereheobtainedasilvermedal’foracoupleoflegsthesizeoflifedrawnfromoneofRaphael’scartoons。’Hisholidayswerespentinsketching;hisevenings，whentheywerefree，atthetheatre。Hereattheoperahediscoveredbesidesatasteforanewart，theartofmusic;anditwas，hewrote，’asifhehadfoundoutaheavenonearth。’’Iamsoanxiousthatwhateverheprofessestoknow，heshouldreallyperfectlypossess，’hismotherwrote，’thatIsparenopains’;

neithertohimnortomyself，shemighthaveadded。Andsowhenhebeggedtobeallowedtolearnthepiano，shestartedhimwithcharacteristicbarbarityonthescales;andheardinconsequence’heart—rendinggroans’andsaw’anguishedclaspingsofhands’ashelosthiswayamongtheiraridintricacies。

Inthispictureoftheladatthepiano，thereissomething，fortheperiod，girlish。Hewasindeedhismother’sboy;anditwasfortunatehismotherwasnotaltogetherfeminine。Shegavehersonawomanlydelicacyinmorals，toaman’staste—tohisowntasteinlaterlife—toofinelyspun，andperhapsmoreelegantthanhealthful。Sheencouragedhimbesidesindrawing—roominterests。

Butinotherpointsherinfluencewasmanlike。Filledwiththespiritofthoroughness，shetaughthimtomakeoftheleastoftheseaccomplishmentsaviriletask;andtheteachinglastedhimthroughlife。Immersedasshewasintheday’smovementsandbuzzedaboutbyleadingLiberals，shehandedontohimhercreedinpolitics：anenduringkindnessforItaly，andaloyalty，likethatofmanycleverwomen，totheLiberalpartywithbutsmallregardtomenormeasures。Thisattitudeofmindusedoftentodisappointmeinamansofondoflogic;butIseenowhowitwaslearnedfromthebrighteyesofhismotherandtothesoundofthecannonadesof1848。Tosomeofherdefects，besides，shemadehimheir。Kindaswasthebondthatunitedhertoherson，kindandevenpretty，shewasscarceawomantoadornahome;lovingasshedidtoshine;

carelessasshewasofdomestic，studiousofpublicgraces。Sheprobablyrejoicedtoseetheboygrowupinsomewhatoftheimageofherself，generous，excessive，enthusiastic，external;catchingatideas，brandishingthemwhencaught;fieryfortheright，butalwaysfiery;readyatfifteentocorrectaconsul，readyatfiftytoexplaintoanyartisthisownart。

ThedefectsandadvantagesofsuchatrainingwereobviousinFleemingthroughoutlife。Histhoroughnesswasnotthatofthepatientscholar，butofanuntrainedwomanwithfitsofpassionatestudy;hehadlearnedtoomuchfromdogma，givenindeedbycherishedlips;andprecociousashewasintheuseofthetoolsofthemind，hewastrulybackwardinknowledgeoflifeandofhimself。Suchasitwasatleast，hishomeandschooltrainingwasnowcomplete;andyouaretoconceivetheladasbeingformedinahouseholdofmeagrerevenue，amongforeignsurroundings，andundertheinfluenceofanimperiousdrawing—roomqueen;fromwhomhelearnedagreatrefinementofmorals，astrongsenseofduty，muchforwardnessofbearing，allmannerofstudiousandartisticinterests，andmanyready—madeopinionswhichheembracedwithason’sandadisciple’sloyalty。

CHAPTERIII。1851—1858。

ReturntoEngland—FleemingatFairbairn’s—ExperienceinaStrike—Dr。BellandGreekArchitecture—TheGaskells—FleemingatGreenwich—TheAustins—FleemingandtheAustins—HisEngagement—FleemingandSirW。Thomson。

IN1851，theyearofAuntAnna’sdeath，thefamilyleftGenoaandcametoManchester，whereFleemingwasenteredinFairbairn’sworksasanapprentice。FromthepalacesandAlps，theMole，theblueMediterranean，thehumminglanesandthebrighttheatresofGenoa，hefell—andhewassharplyconsciousofthefall—tothedimskiesandthefoulwaysofManchester。Englandhefoundonhisreturn’ahorridplace，’andthereisnodoubtthefamilyfounditadearone。ThestoryoftheJenkinfinancesisnoteasytofollow。Thefamily，Iamtold，didnotpracticefrugality，onlylamentedthatitshouldbeneedful;andMrs。Jenkin，whowasalwayscomplainingof’thosedreadfulbills，’was’alwaysagooddealdressed。’ButatthistimeofthereturntoEngland，thingsmusthavegonefurther。Aholidaytourofafortnight，Fleemingfearedwouldbebeyondwhathecouldafford，andheonlyprojectedit’tohaveacastleintheair。’Andtherewereactualpinches。Freshfromawarmersun，hewasobligedtogowithoutagreatcoat，andlearnedonrailwayjourneystosupplytheplaceofonewithwrappingsofoldnewspaper。

Fromhalf—pasteighttillsix，hemust’fileandchipvigorouslyinamoleskinsuitandinfernallydirty。’Theworkwasnotnewtohim，forhehadalreadypassedsometimeinaGenoeseshop;andtoFleemingnoworkwaswithoutinterest。Whateveramancandoorknow，helongedtoknowanddoalso。’Ineverlearnedanything，’

hewrote，’notevenstandingonmyhead，butIfoundauseforit。’

Inthesparehoursofhisfirsttelegraphvoyage，togiveaninstanceofhisgreedofknowledge，hemeant’tolearnthewholeartofnavigation，everyropeintheshipandhowtohandleheronanyoccasion’;andoncewhenhewasshownayounglady’sholidaycollectionofseaweeds，hemustcryout，’Itshowedmemyeyeshadbeenidle。’Norwashisthecaseofthemereliterarysmatterer，contentifhebutlearnthenamesofthings。Inhim，todoandtodowell，wasevenadearerambitionthantoknow。Anythingdonewell，anycraft，despatch，orfinish，delightedandinspiredhim。

IrememberhimwithatwopennyJapaneseboxofthreedrawers，soexactlyfittedthat，whenonewasdrivenhome，theothersstartedfromtheirplaces;thewholespiritofJapan，hetoldme，waspicturedinthatbox;thatplainpieceofcarpentrywasasmuchinspiredbythespiritofperfectionasthehappiestdrawingorthefinestbronze;andhewhocouldnotenjoyitintheonewasnotfullyabletoenjoyitintheothers。Thus，too，hefoundinLeonardo’sengineeringandanatomicaldrawingsaperpetualfeast;

andoftheformerhespokeevenwithemotion。NothingindeedannoyedFleemingmorethantheattempttoseparatethefineartsfromtheartsofhandicraft;anydefinitionortheorythatfailedtobringthesetwotogether，accordingtohim，hadmissedthepoint;andtheessenceofthepleasurereceivedlayinseeingthingswelldone。Otherqualitiesmustbeadded;hewasthelasttodenythat;butthis，ofperfectcraft，wasatthebottomofall。

Andontheotherhand，anailill—driven，ajointill—fitted，atracingclumsilydone，anythingtowhichamanhadsethishandandnotsetitaptly，movedhimtoshameandanger。Withsuchacharacter，hewouldfeelbutlittledrudgeryatFairbairn’s。Therewouldbesomethingdailytobedone，slovenlinesstobeavoided，andahighermarkofskilltobeattained;hewouldchipandfile，ashehadpracticedscales，impatientofhisownimperfection，butresolutetolearn。

Andtherewasanotherspringofdelight。Forhewasnowmovingdailyamongthosestrangecreationsofman’sbrain，tosomesoabhorrent，tohimofaninterestsoinexhaustible：inwhichiron，water，andfirearemadetoserveasslaves，nowwithatreadmorepowerfulthananelephant’s，andnowwithatouchmorepreciseanddaintythanapianist’s。ThetasteformachinerywasonethatI

couldneversharewithhim，andhehadacertainbitterpityformyweakness。OncewhenIhadproved，forthehundredthtime，thedepthofthisdefect，helookedatmeaskance。’Andthebestofthejoke，’saidhe，’isthathethinkshimselfquiteapoet。’Fortohimthestruggleoftheengineeragainstbruteforcesandwithinertallies，wasnoblypoetic。Habitneverdulledinhimthesenseofthegreatnessoftheaimsandobstaclesofhisprofession。

Habitonlysharpenedhisinventor’sgustoincontrivance，intriumphantartifice，intheOdysseansubtleties，bywhichwiresaretaughttospeak，andironhandstoweave，andtheslendershiptobraveandtooutstripthetempest。Totheignorantthegreatresultsaloneareadmirable;totheknowing，andtoFleeminginparticular，rathertheinfinitedeviceandsleightofhandthatmadethempossible。

Anotionwascurrentatthetimethat，insuchashopasFairbairn’s，apupilwouldneverbepopularunlesshedrankwiththeworkmenandimitatedtheminspeechandmanner。Fleeming，whowoulddononeofthesethings，theyacceptedasafriendandcompanion;andthiswasthesubjectofremarkinManchester，wheresomememoryofitlingerstillto—day。Hethoughtitoneoftheadvantagesofhisprofessiontobebroughtintoacloserelationwiththeworkingclasses;andfortheskilledartisanhehadagreatesteem，likinghiscompany，hisvirtues，andhistasteinsomeofthearts。Butheknewtheclassestoowelltoregardthem，likeaplatformspeaker，inalump。Hedrew，ontheotherhand，broaddistinctions;anditwashisprofoundsenseofthedifferencebetweenoneworkingmanandanotherthatledhimtodevotesomuchtime，inlaterdays，tothefurtheranceoftechnicaleducation。In1852hehadoccasiontoseebothmenandmastersattheirworst，intheexcitementofastrike;andveryfoolishly（aftertheircustom）

bothwouldseemtohavebehaved。Beginningwithafairshowofjusticeoneitherside，themastersstultifiedtheircausebyobstinateimpolicy，andthemendisgracedtheirorderbyactsofoutrage。’OnWednesdaylast，’writesFleeming，’aboutthreethousandbandedroundFairbairn’sdoorat6o’clock：men，women，andchildren，factoryboysandgirls，thelowestofthelowinaverylowplace。Orderscamethatnoonewastoleavetheworks;

butthemeninside（Knobsticks，astheyarecalled）wereprecioushungryandthoughttheywouldventure。Twoofmycompanionsandmyselfwentoutwiththeveryfirst，andhadthefullbenefitofeverypossiblegroanandbadlanguage。’Butthepoliceclearedalanethroughthecrowd，thepupilsweresufferedtoescapeunhurt，andonlytheKnobsticksfollowedhomeandkickedwithclogs;sothatFleemingenjoyed，aswemaysay，fornothing，thatfinethrillofexpectantvalourwithwhichhehadsalliedforthintothemob。

’Ineverbeforefeltmyselfsodecidedlysomebody，insteadofnobody，’hewrote。

Outsideasinsidetheworks，hewas’prettymerryandwelltodo，’

zealousinstudy，welcometomanyfriends，unweariedinloving—

kindnesstohismother。ForsometimehespentthreenightsaweekwithDr。Bell，’workingawayatcertaingeometricalmethodsofgettingtheGreekarchitecturalproportions’：abusinessafterFleeming’sheart，forhewasneversopleasedaswhenhecouldmarryhistwodevotions，artandscience。Thiswasbesides，inalllikelihood，thebeginningofthatloveandintimateappreciationofthingsGreek，fromtheleasttothegreatest，fromtheAGAMEMMON

（perhapshisfavouritetragedy）downtothedetailsofGreciantailoring，whichheusedtoexpressinhisfamiliarphrase：’TheGreeksweretheboys。’Dr。Bell—thesonofGeorgeJoseph，thenephewofSirCharles，andthoughhemadelessuseofitthansome，asharerinthedistinguishedtalentsofhisrace—hadhituponthesingularfactthatcertaingeometricalintersectionsgavetheproportionsoftheDoricorder。Fleeming，underDr。Bell’sdirection，appliedthesamemethodtotheotherorders，andagainfoundtheproportionsaccuratelygiven。Numbersofdiagramswereprepared;butthediscoverywasnevergiventotheworld，perhapsbecauseofthedissensionsthatarosebetweentheauthors。ForDr。

Bellbelievedthat’theseintersectionswereinsomewayconnectedwith，orsymbolicalof，theantagonisticforcesatwork’;buthispupilandhelper，withcharacteristictrenchancy，brushedasidethismysticism，andinterpretedthediscoveryas’ageometricalmethodofdividingthespacesor（asmightbesaid）ofsettingoutthework，purelyempiricalandinnowayconnectedwithanylawsofeitherforceorbeauty。’’Manyahardandpleasantfightwehadoverit，’wroteJenkin，inlateryears;’andimpertinentasitmayseem，thepupilisstillunconvincedbytheargumentsofthemaster。’IdonotknowabouttheantagonisticforcesintheDoricorder;inFleemingtheywereplainenough;andtheBobadiloftheseaffairswithDr。Bellwasstill，likethecorrectorofItalianconsuls，’agreatchildineverythingbutinformation。’AtthehouseofColonelCleather，hemightbeseenwithafamilyofchildren;andwiththese，therewasnowordoftheGreekorders;

withtheseFleemingwasonlyanuproariousboyandanentertainingdraughtsman;sothathiscomingwasthesignalfortheyoungpeopletotroopintotheplayroom，wheresometimestheroofrangwithromping，andsometimestheygatheredquietlyabouthimasheamusedthemwithhispencil。

InanotherManchesterfamily，whosenamewillbefamiliartomyreaders—thatoftheGaskells，Fleemingwasafrequentvisitor。