CHAPTERXVI
THESOUTHERNHEMISPHERE
Theprojectilehadjustescapedaterribledanger,andaveryunforseenone。Whowouldhavethoughtofsuchanencounterwithmeteors?Theseerringbodiesmightcreateseriousperilsforthetravelers。Theyweretothemsomanysandbanksuponthatseaofetherwhich,lessfortunatethansailors,theycouldnotescape。Butdidtheseadventurerscomplainofspace?No,notsincenaturehadgiventhemthesplendidsightofacosmicalmeteorburstingfromexpansion,sincethisinimitablefirework,whichnoRuggiericouldimitate,hadlitupforsomesecondstheinvisiblegloryofthemoon。Inthatflash,continents,seas,andforestshadbecomevisibletothem。Didanatmosphere,then,bringtothisunknownfaceitslife—givingatoms?
Questionsstillinsoluble,andforeverclosedagainsthumancuriousity!
Itwasthenhalf—pastthreeintheafternoon。Theprojectilewasfollowingitscurvilineardirectionroundthemoon。Haditscourseagainbeenalteredbythemeteor?Itwastobefearedso。
Buttheprojectilemustdescribeacurveunalterablydeterminedbythelawsofmechanicalreasoning。Barbicanewasinclinedtobelievethatthiscurvewouldberatheraparabolathanahyperbola。
Butadmittingtheparabola,theprojectilemustquicklyhavepassedthroughtheconeofshadowprojectedintospaceoppositethesun。Thiscone,indeed,isverynarrow,theangulardiameterofthemoonbeingsolittlewhencomparedwiththediameteroftheorbofday;anduptothistimetheprojectilehadbeenfloatinginthisdeepshadow。Whateverhadbeenitsspeed(anditcouldnothavebeeninsignificant),itsperiodofoccultationcontinued。Thatwasevident,butperhapsthatwouldnothavebeenthecaseinasupposedlyrigidlyparabolicaltrajectory——anewproblemwhichtormentedBarbicane’sbrain,imprisonedashewasinacircleofunknownswhichhecouldnotunravel。
Neitherofthetravelersthoughtoftakinganinstant’srepose。
Eachonewatchedforanunexpectedfact,whichmightthrowsomenewlightontheiruranographicstudies。Aboutfiveo’clock,MichelArdandistributed,underthenameofdinner,somepiecesofbreadandcoldmeat,whichwerequicklyswallowedwithouteitherofthemabandoningtheirscuttle,theglassofwhichwasincessantlyencrustedbythecondensationofvapor。
Aboutforty—fiveminutespastfiveintheevening,Nicholl,armedwithhisglass,sightedtowardthesouthernborderofthemoon,andinthedirectionfollowedbytheprojectile,somebrightpointscutuponthedarkshieldofthesky。Theylookedlikeasuccessionofsharppointslengthenedintoatremulousline。
Theywereverybright。Suchappearedtheterminallineofthemoonwheninoneofheroctants。
Theycouldnotbemistaken。Itwasnolongerasimplemeteor。
Thisluminousridgehadneithercolornormotion。Norwasitavolcanoineruption。AndBarbicanedidnothesitatetopronounceuponit。
\"Thesun!\"heexclaimed。
\"What!thesun?\"answeredNichollandMichelArdan。
\"Yes,myfriends,itistheradiantorbitselflightingupthesummitofthemountainssituatedonthesouthernbordersofthemoon。Weareevidentlynearingthesouthpole。\"
\"Afterhavingpassedthenorthpole,\"repliedMichel。\"Wehavemadethecircuitofoursatellite,then?\"
\"Yes,mygoodMichel。\"
\"Then,nomorehyperbolas,nomoreparabolas,nomoreopencurvestofear?\"
\"No,butaclosedcurve。\"
\"Whichiscalled————\"
\"Anellipse。Insteadoflosingitselfininterplanetaryspace,itisprobablethattheprojectilewilldescribeanellipticalorbitaroundthemoon。\"
\"Indeed!\"
\"Andthatitwillbecome_her_satellite。\"
\"Moonofthemoon!\"criedMichelArdan。
\"Only,Iwouldhaveyouobserve,myworthyfriend,\"repliedBarbicane,\"thatwearenonethelesslostforthat。\"
\"Yes,inanothermanner,andmuchmorepleasantly,\"answeredthecarelessFrenchmanwithhismostamiablesmile。
CHAPTERXVII
TYCHO
Atsixintheeveningtheprojectilepassedthesouthpoleatlessthanfortymilesoff,adistanceequaltothatalreadyreachedatthenorthpole。Theellipticalcurvewasbeingrigidlycarriedout。
Atthismomentthetravelersoncemoreenteredtheblessedraysofthesun。Theysawoncemorethosestarswhichmoveslowlyfromeasttowest。Theradiantorbwassalutedbyatriplehurrah。
Withitslightitalsosentheat,whichsoonpiercedthemetalwalls。
Theglassresumeditsaccustomedappearance。Thelayersoficemeltedasifbyenchantment;andimmediately,foreconomy’ssake,thegaswasputout,theairapparatusaloneconsumingitsusualquantity。
\"Ah!\"saidNicholl,\"theseraysofheataregood。WithwhatimpatiencemusttheSeleniteswaitthereappearanceoftheorbofday。\"
\"Yes,\"repliedMichelArdan,\"imbibingasitwerethebrilliantether,lightandheat,alllifeiscontainedinthem。\"
Atthismomentthebottomoftheprojectiledeviatedsomewhatfromthelunarsurface,inordertofollowtheslightlylengthenedellipticalorbit。Fromthispoint,hadtheearthbeenatthefull,Barbicaneandhiscompanionscouldhaveseenit,butimmersedinthesun’sirradiationshewasquiteinvisible。Anotherspectacleattractedtheirattention,thatofthesouthernpartofthemoon,broughtbytheglassestowithin450yards。Theydidnotagainleavethescuttles,andnotedeverydetailofthisfantasticalcontinent。
MountsDoerfulandLeibnitzformedtwoseparategroupsverynearthesouthpole。Thefirstgroupextendedfromthepoletotheeighty—fourthparallel,ontheeasternpartoftheorb;thesecondoccupiedtheeasternborder,extendingfromthe65@oflatitudetothepole。
Ontheircapriciouslyformedridgeappeareddazzlingsheets,asmentionedbyPereSecchi。WithmorecertaintythantheillustriousRomanastronomer,Barbicanewasenabledtorecognizetheirnature。
\"Theyaresnow,\"heexclaimed。
\"Snow?\"repeatedNicholl。
\"Yes,Nicholl,snow;thesurfaceofwhichisdeeplyfrozen。
Seehowtheyreflecttheluminousrays。Cooledlavawouldnevergiveoutsuchintensereflection。Theremustthenbewater,theremustbeaironthemoon。Aslittleasyouplease,butthefactcannolongerbecontested。\"No,itcouldnotbe。AndifeverBarbicaneshouldseetheearthagain,hisnoteswillbearwitnesstothisgreatfactinhisselenographicobservations。
ThesemountainsofDoerfulandLeibnitzroseinthemidstofplainsofamediumextent,whichwereboundedbyanindefinitesuccessionofcirclesandannularramparts。Thesetwochainsaretheonlyonesmetwithinthisregionofcircles。
Comparativelybutslightlymarked,theythrowuphereandtheresomesharppoints,thehighestsummitofwhichattainsanaltitudeof24,600feet。
Buttheprojectilewashighaboveallthislandscape,andtheprojectionsdisappearedintheintensebrilliancyofthedisc。
Andtotheeyesofthetravelerstherereappearedthatoriginalaspectofthelunarlandscapes,rawintone,withoutgradationofcolors,andwithoutdegreesofshadow,roughlyblackandwhite,fromthewantofdiffusionoflight。
Butthesightofthisdesolateworlddidnotfailtocaptivatethembyitsverystrangeness。Theyweremovingoverthisregionasiftheyhadbeenborneonthebreathofsomestorm,watchingheightsdefileundertheirfeet,piercingthecavitieswiththeireyes,goingdownintotherifts,climbingtheramparts,soundingthesemysteriousholes,andlevelingallcracks。Butnotraceofvegetation,noappearanceofcities;nothingbutstratification,bedsoflava,overflowingspolishedlikeimmensemirrors,reflectingthesun’srayswithoverpoweringbrilliancy。
Nothingbelongingtoa_living_world——everythingtoadeadworld,whereavalanches,rollingfromthesummitsofthemountains,woulddispersenoiselesslyatthebottomoftheabyss,retainingthemotion,butwantingthesound。Inanycaseitwastheimageofdeath,withoutitsbeingpossibleeventosaythatlifehadeverexistedthere。
MichelArdan,however,thoughtherecognizedaheapofruins,towhichhedrewBarbicane’sattention。Itwasaboutthe80thparallel,in30@longitude。Thisheapofstones,ratherregularlyplaced,representedavastfortress,overlookingalongrift,whichinformerdayshadservedasabedtotheriversofprehistoricaltimes。Notfarfromthat,rosetoaheightof17,400feettheannularmountainofShort,equaltotheAsiaticCaucasus。MichelArdan,withhisaccustomedardor,maintained\"theevidences\"ofhisfortress。Beneathithediscernedthedismantledrampartsofatown;herethestillintactarchofaportico,theretwoorthreecolumnslyingundertheirbase;fartheron,asuccessionofarcheswhichmusthavesupportedtheconduitofanaqueduct;inanotherpartthesunkenpillarsofagiganticbridge,runintothethickestpartsoftherift。Hedistinguishedallthis,butwithsomuchimaginationinhisglance,andthroughglassessofantastical,thatwemustmistrusthisobservation。Butwhocouldaffirm,whowoulddaretosay,thattheamiablefellowdidnotreallyseethatwhichhistwocompanionswouldnotsee?
Momentsweretooprecioustobesacrificedinidlediscussion。
Theselenitecity,whetherimaginaryornot,hadalreadydisappearedafaroff。Thedistanceoftheprojectilefromthelunardiscwasontheincrease,andthedetailsofthesoilwerebeinglostinaconfusedjumble。Thereliefs,thecircles,thecraters,andtheplainsaloneremained,andstillshowedtheirboundarylinesdistinctly。Atthismoment,totheleft,layextendedoneofthefinestcirclesoflunarorography,oneofthecuriositiesofthiscontinent。ItwasNewton,whichBarbicanerecognizedwithouttrouble,byreferringtothe_MappaSelenographica_。
Newtonissituatedinexactly77@southlatitude,and16@
eastlongitude。Itformsanannularcrater,therampartsofwhich,risingtoaheightof21,300feet,seemedtobeimpassable。
Barbicanemadehiscompanionsobservethattheheightofthismountainabovethesurroundingplainwasfarfromequalingthedepthofitscrater。Thisenormousholewasbeyondallmeasurement,andformedagloomyabyss,thebottomofwhichthesun’srayscouldneverreach。There,accordingtoHumboldt,reignsutterdarkness,whichthelightofthesunandtheearthcannotbreak。Mythologistscouldwellhavemadeitthemouthofhell。
\"Newton,\"saidBarbicane,\"isthemostperfecttypeoftheseannularmountains,ofwhichtheearthpossessesnosample。
Theyprovethatthemoon’sformation,bymeansofcooling,isduetoviolentcauses;forwhile,underthepressureofinternalfiresthereliefsrisetoconsiderableheight,thedepthswithdrawfarbelowthelunarlevel。\"
\"Idonotdisputethefact,\"repliedMichelArdan。
SomeminutesafterpassingNewton,theprojectiledirectlyoverlookedtheannularmountainsofMoret。ItskirtedatsomedistancethesummitsofBlancanus,andatabouthalf—pastsevenintheeveningreachedthecircleofClavius。
Thiscircle,oneofthemostremarkableofthedisc,issituatedin58@southlatitude,and15@eastlongitude。Itsheightisestimatedat22,950feet。Thetravelers,atadistanceoftwenty—fourmiles(reducedtofourbytheirglasses)couldadmirethisvastcraterinitsentirety。
\"Terrestrialvolcanoes,\"saidBarbicane,\"arebutmole—hillscomparedwiththoseofthemoon。MeasuringtheoldcratersformedbythefirsteruptionsofVesuviusandEtna,wefindthemlittlemorethanthreemilesinbreadth。InFrancethecircleofCantalmeasuressixmilesacross;atCeylandthecircleoftheislandisfortymiles,whichisconsideredthelargestontheglobe。WhatarethesediametersagainstthatofClavius,whichweoverlookatthismoment?\"
\"Whatisitsbreadth?\"askedNicholl。
\"Itis150miles,\"repliedBarbicane。\"Thiscircleiscertainlythemostimportantonthemoon,butmanyothersmeasure150,100,or75miles。\"
\"Ah!myfriends,\"exclaimedMichel,\"canyoupicturetoyourselveswhatthisnowpeacefulorbofnightmusthavebeenwhenitscraters,filledwiththunderings,vomitedatthesametimesmokeandtonguesofflame。Whatawonderfulspectaclethen,andnowwhatdecay!Thismoonisnothingmorethanathincarcaseoffireworks,whosesquibs,rockets,serpents,andsuns,afterasuperbbrilliancy,haveleftbutsadlybrokencases。
Whocansaythecause,thereason,themotiveforceofthesecataclysms?\"
BarbicanewasnotlisteningtoMichelArdan;hewascontemplatingtheserampartsofClavius,formedbylargemountainsspreadoverseveralmiles。Atthebottomoftheimmensecavityburrowedhundredsofsmallextinguishedcraters,riddlingthesoillikeacolander,andoverlookedbyapeak15,000feethigh。
Aroundtheplainappeareddesolate。Nothingsoaridasthesereliefs,nothingsosadastheseruinsofmountains,and(ifwemaysoexpressourselves)thesefragmentsofpeaksandmountainswhichstrewedthesoil。Thesatelliteseemedtohaveburstatthisspot。
Theprojectilewasstilladvancing,andthismovementdidnotsubside。Circles,craters,anduprootedmountainssucceededeachotherincessantly。Nomoreplains;nomoreseas。AneverendingSwitzerlandandNorway。Andlastly,inthecanterofthisregionofcrevasses,themostsplendidmountainonthelunardisc,thedazzlingTycho,inwhichposteritywilleverpreservethenameoftheillustriousDanishastronomer。
Inobservingthefullmooninacloudlessskynoonehasfailedtoremarkthisbrilliantpointofthesouthernhemisphere。
MichelArdanusedeverymetaphorthathisimaginationcouldsupplytodesignateitby。TohimthisTychowasafocusoflight,acenterofirradiation,acratervomitingrays。Itwasthetireofabrilliantwheel,an_asteria_enclosingthediscwithitssilvertentacles,anenormouseyefilledwithflames,aglorycarvedforPluto’shead,astarlaunchedbytheCreator’shand,andcrushedagainstthefaceofthemoon!
Tychoformssuchaconcentrationoflightthattheinhabitantsoftheearthcanseeitwithoutglasses,thoughatadistanceof240,000miles!Imagine,then,itsintensitytotheeyeofobserversplacedatadistanceofonlyfiftymiles!Seenthroughthispureether,itsbrilliancywassointolerablethatBarbicaneandhisfriendswereobligedtoblackentheirglasseswiththegassmokebeforetheycouldbearthesplendor。Thensilent,scarcelyutteringaninterjectionofadmiration,theygazed,theycontemplated。
Alltheirfeelings,alltheirimpressions,wereconcentratedinthatlook,asunderanyviolentemotionalllifeisconcentratedattheheart。
Tychobelongstothesystemofradiatingmountains,likeAristarchusandCopernicus;butitisofallthemostcompleteanddecided,showingunquestionablythefrightfulvolcanicactiontowhichtheformationofthemoonisdue。Tychoissituatedin43@southlatitude,and12@eastlongitude。Itscenterisoccupiedbyacraterfiftymilesbroad。Itassumesaslightlyellipticalform,andissurroundedbyanenclosureofannularramparts,whichontheeastandwestoverlooktheouterplainfromaheightof15,000feet。ItisagroupofMontBlancs,placedroundonecommoncenterandcrownedbyradiatingbeams。
Whatthisincomparablemountainreallyis,withalltheprojectionsconvergingtowardit,andtheinteriorexcrescencesofitscrater,photographyitselfcouldneverrepresent。
Indeed,itisduringthefullmoonthatTychoisseeninallitssplendor。Thenallshadowsdisappear,theforeshorteningofperspectivedisappears,andallproofsbecomewhite——adisagreeablefact:forthisstrangeregionwouldhavebeenmarvelousifreproducedwithphotographicexactness。Itisbutagroupofhollows,craters,circles,anetworkofcrests;
then,asfarastheeyecouldsee,awholevolcanicnetworkcastuponthisencrustedsoil。Onecanthenunderstandthatthebubblesofthiscentraleruptionhavekepttheirfirstform。
Crystallizedbycooling,theyhavestereotypedthataspectwhichthemoonformerlypresentedwhenunderthePlutonianforces。
ThedistancewhichseparatedthetravelersfromtheannularsummitsofTychowasnotsogreatbutthattheycouldcatchtheprincipaldetails。EvenonthecausewayformingthefortificationsofTycho,themountainshangingontotheinteriorandexteriorslopingflanksroseinstorieslikegiganticterraces。Theyappearedtobehigherby300or400
feettothewestthantotheeast。Nosystemofterrestrialencampmentcouldequalthesenaturalfortifications。Atownbuiltatthebottomofthiscircularcavitywouldhavebeenutterlyinaccessible。
Inaccessibleandwonderfullyextendedoverthissoilcoveredwithpicturesqueprojections!Indeed,naturehadnotleftthebottomofthiscraterflatandempty。Itpossesseditsownpeculiarorography,amountainoussystem,makingitaworldinitself。Thetravelerscoulddistinguishclearlycones,centralhills,remarkablepositionsofthesoil,naturallyplacedtoreceivethe_chefs—d’oeuvre_ofSelenitearchitecture。
Therewasmarkedouttheplaceforatemple,herethegroundofaforum,onthisspottheplanofapalace,inanothertheplateauforacitadel;thewholeoverlookedbyacentralmountainof1,500feet。Avastcircle,inwhichancientRomecouldhavebeenheldinitsentiretytentimesover。
\"Ah!\"exclaimedMichelArdan,enthusiasticatthesight;\"whatagrandtownmightbeconstructedwithinthatringofmountains!
Aquietcity,apeacefulrefuge,beyondallhumanmisery。Howcalmandisolatedthosemisanthropes,thosehatersofhumanitymightlivethere,andallwhohaveadistasteforsociallife!\"
\"All!Itwouldbetoosmallforthem,\"repliedBarbicanesimply。
CHAPTERXVIII
GRAVEQUESTIONS
Buttheprojectilehadpassedthe_enceinte_ofTycho,andBarbicaneandhistwocompanionswatchedwithscrupulousattentionthebrilliantrayswhichthecelebratedmountainshedsocuriouslyoverthehorizon。
Whatwasthisradiantglory?Whatgeologicalphenomenonhaddesignedtheseardentbeams?ThisquestionoccupiedBarbicane’smind。
Underhiseyesraninalldirectionsluminousfurrows,raisedattheedgesandconcaveinthecenter,sometwelvemiles,othersthirtymilesbroad。Thesebrillianttrainsextendedinsomeplacestowithin600milesofTycho,andseemedtocover,particularlytowardtheeast,thenortheastandthenorth,thehalfofthesouthernhemisphere。OneofthesejetsextendedasfarasthecircleofNeander,situatedonthe40thmeridian。
Another,byaslightcurve,furrowedthe\"SeaofNectar,\"breakingagainstthechainofPyrenees,afteracircuitof800miles。
Others,towardthewest,coveredthe\"SeaofClouds\"andthe\"SeaofHumors\"withaluminousnetwork。Whatwastheoriginofthesesparklingrays,whichshoneontheplainsaswellasonthereliefs,atwhateverheighttheymightbe?
Allstartedfromacommoncenter,thecraterofTycho。
Theysprangfromhim。Herschelattributedtheirbrilliancytocurrentsoflavacongealedbythecold;anopinion,however,whichhasnotbeengenerallyadopted。Otherastronomershaveseenintheseinexplicableraysakindofmoraines,rowsoferraticblocks,whichhadbeenthrownupattheperiodofTycho’sformation。
\"Andwhynot?\"askedNichollofBarbicane,whowasrelatingandrejectingthesedifferentopinions。
\"Becausetheregularityoftheseluminouslines,andtheviolencenecessarytocarryvolcanicmattertosuchdistances,isinexplicable。\"
\"Eh!byJove!\"repliedMichelArdan,\"itseemseasyenoughtometoexplaintheoriginoftheserays。\"
\"Indeed?\"saidBarbicane。
\"Indeed,\"continuedMichel。\"Itisenoughtosaythatitisavaststar,similartothatproducedbyaballorastonethrownatasquareofglass!\"
\"Well!\"repliedBarbicane,smiling。\"Andwhathandwouldbepowerfulenoughtothrowaballtogivesuchashockasthat?\"
\"Thehandisnotnecessary,\"answeredNicholl,notatallconfounded;\"andastothestone,letussupposeittobeacomet。\"
\"Ah!thosemuch—abusedcomets!\"exclaimedBarbicane。\"MybraveMichel,yourexplanationisnotbad;butyourcometisuseless。
Theshockwhichproducedthatrentmusthavesomefromtheinsideofthestar。Aviolentcontractionofthelunarcrust,whilecooling,mightsufficetoimprintthisgiganticstar。\"
\"Acontraction!somethinglikealunarstomach—ache。\"saidMichelArdan。
\"Besides,\"addedBarbicane,\"thisopinionisthatofanEnglishsavant,Nasmyth,anditseemstometosufficientlyexplaintheradiationofthesemountains。\"
\"ThatNasmythwasnofool!\"repliedMichel。
Longdidthetravelers,whomsuchasightcouldneverweary,admirethesplendorsofTycho。Theirprojectile,saturatedwithluminousgleamsinthedoubleirradiationofsunandmoon,musthaveappearedlikeanincandescentglobe。Theyhadpassedsuddenlyfromexcessivecoldtointenseheat。NaturewasthuspreparingthemtobecomeSelenites。BecomeSelenites!Thatideabroughtuponcemorethequestionofthehabitabilityofthemoon。
Afterwhattheyhadseen,couldthetravelerssolveit?Wouldtheydecidefororagainstit?MichelArdanpersuadedhistwofriendstoformanopinion,andaskedthemdirectlyiftheythoughtthatmenandanimalswererepresentedinthelunarworld。
\"Ithinkthatwecananswer,\"saidBarbicane;\"butaccordingtomyideathequestionoughtnottobeputinthatform。Iaskittobeputdifferently。\"
\"Putityourownway,\"repliedMichel。
\"Hereitis,\"continuedBarbicane。\"Theproblemisadoubleone,andrequiresadoublesolution。Isthemoon_habitable_?Hasthemooneverbeen_inhabitable_?\"
\"Good!\"repliedNicholl。\"Firstletusseewhetherthemoonishabitable。\"
\"Totellthetruth,Iknownothingaboutit,\"answeredMichel。
\"AndIanswerinthenegative,\"continuedBarbicane。\"Inheractualstate,withhersurroundingatmospherecertainlyverymuchreduced,herseasforthemostpartdriedup,herinsufficientsupplyofwaterrestricted,vegetation,suddenalternationsofcoldandheat,herdaysandnightsof354
hours——themoondoesnotseemhabitabletome,nordoessheseempropitioustoanimaldevelopment,norsufficientforthewantsofexistenceasweunderstandit。\"
\"Agreed,\"repliedNicholl。\"Butisnotthemoonhabitableforcreaturesdifferentlyorganizedfromourselves?\"
\"Thatquestionismoredifficulttoanswer,butIwilltry;andIaskNichollif_motion_appearstohimtobeanecessaryresultof_life_,whateverbeitsorganization?\"
\"Withoutadoubt!\"answeredNicholl。
\"Then,myworthycompanion,Iwouldanswerthatwehaveobservedthelunarcontinentatadistanceof500yardsatmost,andthatnothingseemedtoustomoveonthemoon’ssurface。Thepresenceofanykindoflifewouldhavebeenbetrayedbyitsattendantmarks,suchasdiversbuildings,andevenbyruins。Andwhathaveweseen?Everywhereandalwaysthegeologicalworksofnature,nevertheworkofman。If,then,thereexistrepresentativesoftheanimalkingdomonthemoon,theymusthavefledtothoseunfathomablecavitieswhichtheeyecannotreach;whichIcannotadmit,fortheymusthavelefttracesoftheirpassageonthoseplainswhichtheatmospheremustcover,howeverslightlyraiseditmaybe。Thesetracesarenowherevisible。Thereremainsbutonehypothesis,thatofalivingracetowhichmotion,whichislife,isforeign。\"
\"Onemightaswellsay,livingcreatureswhichdonotlive,\"
repliedMichel。
\"Justso,\"saidBarbicane,\"whichforushasnomeaning。\"
\"Thenwemayformouropinion?\"saidMichel。