AndallPaganandChristianCivilizationthusbecomessubjecttothem。Itdoesnotmatterhowlittle，orhowmuch，anyofushaveread，eitherofHomerorShakespeare;everythingroundus，insubstance，orinthought，hasbeenmouldedbythem。AllGreekgentlemenwereeducatedunderHomer。AllRomangentlemen，byGreekliterature。AllItalian，andFrench，andEnglishgentlemen，byRomanliterature，andbyitsprinciples。OfthescopeofShakespeare，Iwillsayonly，thattheintellectualmeasureofeverymansinceborn，inthedomainsofcreativethought，maybeassignedtohim，accordingtothedegreeinwhichhehasbeentaughtbyShakespeare。Well，whatdothesetwomen，centresofmortalintelligence，delivertousofconvictionrespectingwhatitmostbehovesthatintelligencetograsp？Whatistheirhope——theircrownofrejoicing？whatmannerofexhortationhavetheyforus，orofrebuke？whatliesnexttheirownhearts，anddictatestheirundyingwords？Havetheyanypeacetopromisetoourunrest——anyredemptiontoourmisery？
TakeHomerfirst，andthinkifthereisanysadderimageofhumanfatethanthegreatHomericstory。ThemainfeaturesinthecharacterofAchillesareitsintensedesireofjustice，anditstendernessofaffection。AndinthatbittersongoftheIliad，thisman，thoughaidedcontinuallybythewisestofthegods，andburningwiththedesireofjusticeinhisheart，becomesyet，throughill—
governedpassion，themostunjustofmen：and，fullofthedeepesttendernessinhisheart，becomesyet，throughill—governedpassion，themostcruelofmen。Intensealikeinloveandinfriendship，heloses，firsthismistress，andthenhisfriend;forthesakeoftheone，hesurrenderstodeaththearmiesofhisownland;forthesakeoftheother，hesurrendersall。Willamanlaydownhislifeforhisfriend？Yea——evenforhisDEADfriend，thisAchilles，thoughgoddess—born，andgoddess—taught，givesuphiskingdom，hiscountry，andhislife——castsaliketheinnocentandguilty，withhimself，intoonegulfofslaughter，anddiesatlastbythehandofthebasestofhisadversaries。
Isnotthisamysteryoflife？
Butwhat，then，isthemessagetousofourownpoet，andsearcherofhearts，afterfifteenhundredyearsofChristianfaithhavebeennumberedoverthegravesofmen？ArehiswordsmorecheerfulthantheHeathen’s——ishishopemorenear——histrustmoresure——hisreadingoffatemorehappy？Ah，no！HediffersfromtheHeathenpoetchieflyinthis——thatherecognizes，fordeliverance，nogodsnighathand;andthat，bypettychance——bymomentaryfolly——bybrokenmessage——byfool’styranny——ortraitor’ssnare，thestrongestandmostrighteousarebroughttotheirruin，andperishwithoutwordofhope。Heindeed，aspartofhisrenderingofcharacter，ascribesthepowerandmodestyofhabitualdevotiontothegentleandthejust。Thedeath—bedofKatharineisbrightwithvisionsofangels;andthegreatsoldier—king，standingbyhisfewdead，acknowledgesthepresenceoftheHandthatcansavealikebymanyorbyfew。Butobservethatfromthosewhowithdeepestspirit，meditate，andwithdeepestpassion，mourn，therearenosuchwordsasthese;norintheirheartsareanysuchconsolations。InsteadoftheperpetualsenseofthehelpfulpresenceoftheDeity，which，throughallheathentradition，isthesourceofheroicstrength，inbattle，inexile，andinthevalleyoftheshadowofdeath，wefindonlyinthegreatChristianpoet，theconsciousnessofamorallaw，throughwhich\"thegodsarejust，andofourpleasantvicesmakeinstrumentstoscourgeus;\"andoftheresolvedarbitrationofthedestinies，thatconcludeintoprecisionofdoomwhatwefeeblyandblindlybegan;andforceus，whenourindiscretionservesus，andourdeepestplotsdopall，totheconfession，that\"there’sadivinitythatshapesourends，roughhewthemhowwewill。\"
Isnotthisamysteryoflife？
Beitso，then。Aboutthishumanlifethatistobe，orthatis，thewisereligiousmentellusnothingthatwecantrust;andthewisecontemplativemen，nothingthatcangiveuspeace。Butthereisyetathirdclass，towhomwemayturn——thewisepracticalmen。
Wehavesatatthefeetofthepoetswhosangofheaven，andtheyhavetoldustheirdreams。Wehavelistenedtothepoetswhosangofearth，andtheyhavechantedtousdirgesandwordsofdespair。
Butthereisoneclassofmenmore：—men，notcapableofvision，norsensitivetosorrow，butfirmofpurpose——practisedinbusiness;
learnedinallthatcanbe，（byhandling，）known。Men，whoseheartsandhopesarewhollyinthispresentworld，fromwhom，therefore，wemaysurelylearn，atleast，how，atpresent，convenientlytoliveinit。WhatwillTHEYsaytous，orshowusbyexample？Thesekings——
thesecouncillors——thesestatesmenandbuildersofkingdoms——thesecapitalistsandmenofbusiness，whoweightheearth，andthedustofit，inabalance。Theyknowtheworld，surely;andwhatisthemysteryoflifetous，isnonetothem。Theycansurelyshowushowtolive，whilewelive，andtogatheroutofthepresentworldwhatisbest。
IthinkIcanbesttellyoutheiranswer，bytellingyouadreamI
hadonce。ForthoughIamnopoet，Ihavedreamssometimes：—I
dreamedIwasatachild’sMaydayparty，inwhicheverymeansofentertainmenthadbeenprovidedforthem，byawiseandkindhost。
Itwasinastatelyhouse，withbeautifulgardensattachedtoit;
andthechildrenhadbeensetfreeintheroomsandgardens，withnocarewhateverbuthowtopasstheirafternoonrejoicingly。Theydidnot，indeed，knowmuchaboutwhatwastohappennextday;andsomeofthem，Ithought，werealittlefrightened，becausetherewasachanceoftheirbeingsenttoanewschoolwheretherewereexaminations;buttheykeptthethoughtsofthatoutoftheirheadsaswellastheycould，andresolvedtoenjoythemselves。Thehouse，Isaid，wasinabeautifulgarden，andinthegardenwereallkindsofflowers;sweet，grassybanksforrest;andsmoothlawnsforplay;
andpleasantstreamsandwoods;androckyplacesforclimbing。Andthechildrenwerehappyforalittlewhile，butpresentlytheyseparatedthemselvesintoparties;andtheneachpartydeclareditwouldhaveapieceofthegardenforitsown，andthatnoneoftheothersshouldhaveanythingtodowiththatpiece。Next，theyquarrelledviolentlywhichpiecestheywouldhave;andatlasttheboystookupthething，asboysshoulddo，\"practically，\"andfoughtintheflower—bedstilltherewashardlyaflowerleftstanding;
thentheytrampleddowneachother’sbitsofthegardenoutofspite;andthegirlscriedtilltheycouldcrynomore;andsotheyalllaydownatlastbreathlessintheruin，andwaitedforthetimewhentheyweretobetakenhomeintheevening。{30}
Meanwhile，thechildreninthehousehadbeenmakingthemselveshappyalsointheirmanner。Forthem，therehadbeenprovidedeverykindofindoorpleasure：therewasmusicforthemtodanceto;andthelibrarywasopen，withallmannerofamusingbooks;andtherewasamuseumfullofthemostcuriousshells，andanimals，andbirds;andtherewasaworkshop，withlathesandcarpenter’stools，fortheingeniousboys;andtherewereprettyfantasticdresses，forthegirlstodressin;andthereweremicroscopes，andkaleidoscopes;andwhatevertoysachildcouldfancy;andatable，inthedining—room，loadedwitheverythingnicetoeat。
But，inthemidstofallthis，itstrucktwoorthreeofthemore\"practical\"children，thattheywouldlikesomeofthebrass—headednailsthatstuddedthechairs;andsotheysettoworktopullthemout。Presently，theothers，whowerereading，orlookingatshells，tookafancytodothelike;and，inalittlewhile，allthechildren，nearly，weresprainingtheirfingers，inpullingoutbrass—headednails。Withallthattheycouldpullout，theywerenotsatisfied;andthen，everybodywantedsomeofsomebodyelse’s。
Andatlast，thereallypracticalandsensibleonesdeclared，thatnothingwasofanyrealconsequence，thatafternoon，excepttogetplentyofbrass—headednails;andthatthebooks，andthecakes，andthemicroscopeswereofnouseatallinthemselves，butonly，iftheycouldbeexchangedfornail—heads。Andatlasttheybegantofightfornail—heads，astheothersfoughtforthebitsofgarden。
Onlyhereandthere，adespisedoneshrankawayintoacorner，andtriedtogetalittlequietwithabook，inthemidstofthenoise;
butallthepracticalonesthoughtofnothingelsebutcountingnail—headsalltheafternoon——eventhoughtheyknewtheywouldnotbeallowedtocarrysomuchasonebrassknobawaywiththem。Butno——itwas——\"Whohasmostnails？Ihaveahundred，andyouhavefifty;or，Ihaveathousand，andyouhavetwo。ImusthaveasmanyasyoubeforeIleavethehouse，orIcannotpossiblygohomeinpeace。\"Atlast，theymadesomuchnoisethatIawoke，andthoughttomyself，\"Whatafalsedreamthatis，ofCHILDREN！\"Thechildisthefatheroftheman;andwiser。Childrenneverdosuchfoolishthings。Onlymendo。
Butthereisyetonelastclassofpersonstobeinterrogated。Thewisereligiousmenwehaveaskedinvain;thewisecontemplativemen，invain;thewiseworldlymen，invain。Butthereisanothergroupyet。Inthemidstofthisvanityofemptyreligion——oftragiccontemplation——ofwrathfulandwretchedambition，anddisputefordust，thereisyetonegreatgroupofpersons，bywhomallthesedisputerslive——thepersonswhohavedetermined，orhavehaditbyabeneficentProvidencedeterminedforthem，thattheywilldosomethinguseful;thatwhatevermaybepreparedforthemhereafter，orhappentothemhere，theywill，atleast，deservethefoodthatGodgivesthembywinningithonourably：andthat，howeverfallenfromthepurity，orfarfromthepeace，ofEden，theywillcarryoutthedutyofhumandominion，thoughtheyhavelostitsfelicity;anddressandkeepthewilderness，thoughtheynomorecandressorkeepthegarden。
These，——hewersofwood，anddrawersofwater，——these，bentunderburdens，ortornofscourges——these，thatdigandweave——thatplantandbuild;workersinwood，andinmarble，andiniron——bywhomallfood，clothing，habitation，furniture，andmeansofdelightareproduced，forthemselves，andforallmenbeside;men，whosedeedsaregood，thoughtheirwordsmaybefew;men，whoselivesareserviceable，betheyneversoshort，andworthyofhonour，betheyneversohumble;——fromthese，surely，atleast，wemayreceivesomeclearmessageofteaching;andpierce，foraninstant，intothemysteryoflife，andofitsarts。
Yes;fromthese，atlast，wedoreceivealesson。ButIgrievetosay，orrather——forthatisthedeepertruthofthematter——I
rejoicetosay——thismessageoftheirscanonlybereceivedbyjoiningthem——notbythinkingaboutthem。
Yousentformetotalktoyouofart;andIhaveobeyedyouincoming。ButthemainthingIhavetotellyouis，——thatartmustnotbetalkedabout。Thefactthatthereistalkaboutitatall，signifiesthatitisilldone，orcannotbedone。Notruepaintereverspeaks，oreverhasspoken，muchofhisart。Thegreatestspeaknothing。EvenReynoldsisnoexception，forhewroteofallthathecouldnothimselfdo，andwasutterlysilentrespectingallthathehimselfdid。
Themomentamancanreallydohisworkhebecomesspeechlessaboutit。Allwordsbecomeidletohim——alltheories。
Doesabirdneedtotheorizeaboutbuildingitsnest，orboastofitwhenbuilt？Allgoodworkisessentiallydonethatway——withouthesitation，withoutdifficulty，withoutboasting;andinthedoersofthebest，thereisaninnerandinvoluntarypowerwhichapproximatesliterallytotheinstinctofananimal——nay，Iamcertainthatinthemostperfecthumanartists，reasondoesNOT
supersedeinstinct，butisaddedtoaninstinctasmuchmoredivinethanthatoftheloweranimalsasthehumanbodyismorebeautifulthantheirs;thatagreatsingersingsnotwithlessinstinctthanthenightingale，butwithmore——onlymorevarious，applicable，andgovernable;thatagreatarchitectdoesnotbuildwithlessinstinctthanthebeaverorthebee，butwithmore——withaninnatecunningofproportionthatembracesallbeauty，andadivineingenuityofskillthatimprovisesallconstruction。Butbethatasitmay——betheinstinctlessormorethanthatofinferioranimals——likeorunliketheirs，stillthehumanartisdependentonthatfirst，andthenuponanamountofpractice，ofscience，——andofimaginationdisciplinedbythought，whichthetruepossessorofitknowstobeincommunicable，andthetruecriticofit，inexplicable，exceptthroughlongprocessoflaborious’years。Thatjourneyoflife’sconquest，inwhichhillsoverhills，andAlpsonAlpsarose，andsank，——doyouthinkyoucanmakeanothertraceitpainlessly，bytalking？Why，youcannotevencarryusupanAlp，bytalking。Youcanguideusupit，stepbystep，nootherwise——evenso，bestsilently。Yougirls，whohavebeenamongthehills，knowhowthebadguidechattersandgesticulates，anditis\"Putyourfoothere;\"
and\"Mindhowyoubalanceyourselfthere;\"butthegoodguidewalksonquietly，withoutaword，onlywithhiseyesonyouwhenneedis，andhisarmlikeanironbar，ifneedbe。
Inthatslowway，also，artcanbetaught——ifyouhavefaithinyourguide，andwilllethisarmbetoyouasanironbarwhenneedis。
Butinwhatteacherofarthaveyousuchfaith？Certainlynotinme;for，asItoldyouatfirst，IknowwellenoughitisonlybecauseyouthinkIcantalk，notbecauseyouthinkIknowmybusiness，thatyouletmespeaktoyouatall。IfIweretotellyouanythingthatseemedtoyoustrangeyouwouldnotbelieveit，andyetitwouldonlybeintellingyoustrangethingsthatIcouldbeofusetoyou。Icouldbeofgreatusetoyou——infiniteuse——
withbriefsaying，ifyouwouldbelieveit;butyouwouldnot，justbecausethethingthatwouldbeofrealusewoulddispleaseyou。
Youareallwild，forinstance，withadmirationofGustaveDore。
Well，supposeIweretotellyou，inthestrongesttermsIcoulduse，thatGustaveDore’sartwasbad——bad，notinweakness，——notinfailure，——butbadwithdreadfulpower——thepoweroftheFuriesandtheHarpiesmingled，enraging，andpolluting;thatsolongasyoulookedatit，noperceptionofpureorbeautifulartwaspossibleforyou。SupposeIweretotellyouthat！Whatwouldbetheuse？
WouldyoulookatGustaveDoreless？Rather，more，Ifancy。Ontheotherhand，Icouldsoonputyouintogoodhumourwithme，ifI
chose。Iknowwellenoughwhatyoulike，andhowtopraiseittoyourbetterliking。Icouldtalktoyouaboutmoonlight，andtwilight，andspringflowers，andautumnleaves，andtheMadonnasofRaphael——howmotherly！andtheSibylsofMichaelAngelo——howmajestic！andtheSaintsofAngelico——howpious！andtheCherubsofCorreggio——howdelicious！OldasIam，Icouldplayyouatuneontheharpyet，thatyouwoulddanceto。ButneitheryounorIshouldbeabitthebetterorwiser;or，ifwewere，ourincreasedwisdomcouldbeofnopracticaleffect。For，indeed，thearts，asregardsteachableness，differfromthesciencesalsointhis，thattheirpowerisfoundednotmerelyonfactswhichcanbecommunicated，butondispositionswhichrequiretobecreated。Artisneithertobeachievedbyeffortofthinking，norexplainedbyaccuracyofspeaking。Itistheinstinctiveandnecessaryresultofpower，whichcanonlybedevelopedthroughthemindofsuccessivegenerations，andwhichfinallyburstintolifeundersocialconditionsasslowofgrowthasthefacultiestheyregulate。Wholeaerasofmightyhistoryaresummed，andthepassionsofdeadmyriadsareconcentrated，intheexistenceofanobleart，andifthatnobleartwereamongus，weshouldfeelitandrejoice;notcaringintheleasttohearlecturesonit;andsinceitisnotamongus，beassuredwehavetogobacktotherootofit，or，atleast，totheplacewherethestockofitisyetalive，andthebranchesbegantodie。
Andnow，mayIhaveyourpardonforpointingout，partlywithreferencetomatterswhichareatthistimeofgreatermomentthanthearts——thatifweundertooksuchrecessiontothevitalgermofnationalartsthathavedecayed，weshouldfindamoresingulararrestoftheirpowerinIrelandthaninanyotherEuropeancountry？
ForintheeighthcenturyIrelandpossessedaschoolofartinhermanuscriptsandsculpture，which，inmanyofitsqualities——
apparentlyinallessentialqualitiesofdecorativeinvention——wasquitewithoutrival;seemingasifitmighthaveadvancedtothehighesttriumphsinarchitectureandinpainting。Buttherewasonefatalflawinitsnature，bywhichitwasstayed，andstayedwithaconspicuousnessofpausetowhichthereisnoparallel：sothat，longago，intracingtheprogressofEuropeanschoolsfrominfancytostrength，IchoseforthestudentsofKensington，inalecturesincepublished，twocharacteristicexamplesofearlyart，ofequalskill;butintheonecase，skillwhichwasprogressive——intheother，skillwhichwasatpause。Intheonecase，itwasworkreceptiveofcorrection——hungryforcorrection;andintheother，workwhichinherentlyrejectedcorrection。IchoseforthemacorrigibleEve，andanincorrigibleAngel，andIgrievetosaythattheincorrigibleAngelwasalsoanIrishAngel！{31}
Andthefataldifferencelaywhollyinthis。Inbothpiecesofarttherewasanequalfallingshortoftheneedsoffact;buttheLombardicEveknewshewasinthewrong，andtheIrishAngelthoughthimselfallright。TheeagerLombardicsculptor，thoughfirmlyinsistingonhischildishidea，yetshowedintheirregularbrokentouchesofthefeatures，andtheimperfectstruggleforsofterlinesintheform，aperceptionofbeautyandlawthathecouldnotrender;therewasthestrainofeffort，underconsciousimperfection，ineveryline。ButtheIrishmissal—painterhaddrawnhisangelwithnosenseoffailure，inhappycomplacency，andputreddotsintothepalmofeachhand，androundedtheeyesintoperfectcircles，and，Iregrettosay，leftthemouthoutaltogether，withperfectsatisfactiontohimself。
MayIwithoutoffenceaskyoutoconsiderwhetherthismodeofarrestinancientIrishartmaynotbeindicativeofpointsofcharacterwhichevenyet，insomemeasure，arrestyournationalpower？IhaveseenmuchofIrishcharacter，andhavewatcheditclosely，forIhavealsomuchlovedit。AndIthinktheformoffailuretowhichitismostliableisthis，——thatbeinggenerous—
hearted，andwhollyintendingalwaystodoright，itdoesnotattendtotheexternallawsofright，butthinksitmustnecessarilydorightbecauseitmeanstodoso，andthereforedoeswrongwithoutfindingitout;andthen，whentheconsequencesofitswrongcomeuponit，oruponothersconnectedwithit，itcannotconceivethatthewrongisinanywiseofitscausingorofitsdoing，butfliesintowrath，andastrangeagonyofdesireforjustice，asfeelingitselfwhollyinnocent，whichleadsitfartherastray，untilthereisnothingthatitisnotcapableofdoingwithagoodconscience。
Butmind，Idonotmeantosaythat，inpastorpresentrelationsbetweenIrelandandEngland，youhavebeenwrong，andweright。Farfromthat，Ibelievethatinallgreatquestionsofprinciple，andinalldetailsofadministrationoflaw，youhavebeenusuallyright，andwewrong;sometimesinmisunderstandingyou，sometimesinresoluteiniquitytoyou。Nevertheless，inalldisputesbetweenstates，thoughthestrongerisnearlyalwaysmainlyinthewrong，theweakerisoftensoinaminordegree;andIthinkwesometimesadmitthepossibilityofourbeinginerror，andyouneverdo。
Andnow，returningtothebroaderquestion，whattheseartsandlaboursoflifehavetoteachusofitsmystery，thisisthefirstoftheirlessons——thatthemorebeautifultheart，themoreitisessentiallytheworkofpeoplewhoFEELTHEMSELVESWRONG;——whoarestrivingforthefulfilmentofalaw，andthegraspofaloveliness，whichtheyhavenotyetattained，whichtheyfeelevenfartherandfartherfromattainingthemoretheystriveforit。Andyet，instilldeepersense，itistheworkofpeoplewhoknowalsothattheyareright。Theverysenseofinevitableerrorfromtheirpurposemarkstheperfectnessofthatpurpose，andthecontinuedsenseoffailurearisesfromthecontinuedopeningoftheeyesmoreclearlytoallthesacredestlawsoftruth。
Thisisonelesson。Thesecondisaveryplain，andgreatlypreciousone：namely——thatwhenevertheartsandlaboursoflifearefulfilledinthisspiritofstrivingagainstmisrule，anddoingwhateverwehavetodo，honourablyandperfectly，theyinvariablybringhappiness，asmuchasseemspossibletothenatureofman。Inallotherpathsbywhichthathappinessispursuedthereisdisappointment，ordestruction：forambitionandforpassionthereisnorest——nofruition;thefairestpleasuresofyouthperishinadarknessgreaterthantheirpastlight：andtheloftiestandpurestlovetoooftendoesbutinflamethecloudoflifewithendlessfireofpain。But，ascendingfromlowesttohighest，througheveryscaleofhumanindustry，thatindustryworthilyfollowed，givespeace。
Askthelabourerinthefield，attheforge，orinthemine;askthepatient，delicate—fingeredartisan，orthestrong—armed，fiery—
heartedworkerinbronze，andinmarble，andwiththecoloursoflight;andnoneofthese，whoaretrueworkmen，willevertellyou，thattheyhavefoundthelawofheavenanunkindone——thatinthesweatoftheirfacetheyshouldeatbread，tilltheyreturntotheground;northattheyeverfounditanunrewardedobedience，if，indeed，itwasrenderedfaithfullytothecommand——\"Whatsoeverthyhandfindethtodo——doitwiththymight。\"
Thesearethetwogreatandconstantlessonswhichourlabourersteachusofthemysteryoflife。Butthereisanother，andasadderone，whichtheycannotteachus，whichwemustreadontheirtombstones。
\"Doitwiththymight。\"Therehavebeenmyriadsuponmyriadsofhumancreatureswhohaveobeyedthislaw——whohaveputeverybreathandnerveoftheirbeingintoitstoil——whohavedevotedeveryhour，andexhaustedeveryfaculty——whohavebequeathedtheirunaccomplishedthoughtsatdeath——who，beingdead，haveyetspoken，bymajestyofmemory，andstrengthofexample。And，atlast，whathasallthis\"Might\"ofhumanityaccomplished，insixthousandyearsoflabourandsorrow？WhathasitDONE？Takethethreechiefoccupationsandartsofmen，onebyone，andcounttheirachievements。Beginwiththefirst——thelordofthemall——
Agriculture。Sixthousandyearshavepassedsinceweweresettotilltheground，fromwhichweweretaken。Howmuchofitistilled？Howmuchofthatwhichis，wiselyorwell？IntheverycentreandchiefgardenofEurope——wherethetwoformsofparentChristianityhavehadtheirfortresses——wherethenobleCatholicsoftheForestCantons，andthenobleProtestantsoftheVaudoisvalleys，havemaintained，fordatelessages，theirfaithsandliberties——theretheuncheckedAlpineriversyetrunwildindevastation;andthemarshes，whichafewhundredmencouldredeemwithayear’slabour，stillblasttheirhelplessinhabitantsintofeveredidiotism。Thatisso，inthecentreofEurope！While，onthenearcoastofAfrica，oncetheGardenoftheHesperides，anArabwoman，butafewsunsetssince，ateherchild，forfamine。And，withallthetreasuresoftheEastatourfeet，we，inourowndominion，couldnotfindafewgrainsofrice，forapeoplethataskedofusnomore;butstoodby，andsawfivehundredthousandofthemperishofhunger。
Then，afteragriculture，theartofkings，takethenextheadofhumanarts——Weaving;theartofqueens，honouredofallnobleHeathenwomen，inthepersonoftheirvirgingoddess——honouredofallHebrewwomen，bythewordoftheirwisestking——\"Shelayethherhandstothespindle，andherhandsholdthedistaff;shestretchethoutherhandtothepoor。Sheisnotafraidofthesnowforherhousehold，forallherhouseholdareclothedwithscarlet。Shemakethherselfcoveringoftapestry;herclothingissilkandpurple。Shemakethfinelinen，andsellethit，anddeliverethgirdlestothemerchant。\"WhathavewedoneinallthesethousandsofyearswiththisbrightartofGreekmaidandChristianmatron？
Sixthousandyearsofweaving，andhavewelearnedtoweave？Mightnoteverynakedwallhavebeenpurplewithtapestry，andeveryfeeblebreastfencedwithsweetcoloursfromthecold？Whathavewedone？Ourfingersaretoofew，itseems，totwisttogethersomepoorcoveringforourbodies。Wesetourstreamstoworkforus，andchoketheairwithfire，toturnourspinning—wheels——and，——ARE
WEYETCLOTHED？ArenotthestreetsofthecapitalsofEuropefoulwithsaleofcastcloutsandrottenrags？Isnotthebeautyofyoursweetchildrenleftinwretchednessofdisgrace，while，withbetterhonour，natureclothesthebroodofthebirdinitsnest，andthesucklingofthewolfinherden？Anddoesnoteverywinter’ssnowrobewhatyouhavenotrobed，andshroudwhatyouhavenotshrouded;
andeverywinter’swindbearuptoheavenitswastedsouls，towitnessagainstyouhereafter，bythevoiceoftheirChrist，——\"Iwasnaked，andyeclothedmenot\"？
Lastly——taketheArtofBuilding——thestrongest——proudest——mostorderly——mostenduringoftheartsofman;thatofwhichtheproduceisinthesurestmanneraccumulative，andneednotperish，orbereplaced;butifoncewelldone，willstandmorestronglythantheunbalancedrocks——moreprevalentlythanthecrumblinghills。Theartwhichisassociatedwithallcivicprideandsacredprinciple;
withwhichmenrecordtheirpower——satisfytheirenthusiasm——makesuretheirdefence——defineandmakedeartheirhabitation。Andinsixthousandyearsofbuilding，whathavewedone？Ofthegreaterpartofallthatskillandstrength，NOvestigeisleft，butfallenstones，thatencumberthefieldsandimpedethestreams。But，fromthiswasteofdisorder，andoftime，andofrage，whatISlefttous？Constructiveandprogressivecreatures，thatweare，withrulingbrains，andforminghands，capableoffellowship，andthirstingforfame，canwenotcontend，incomfort，withtheinsectsoftheforest，or，inachievement，withthewormofthesea？Thewhitesurfragesinvainagainsttherampartsbuiltbypooratomsofscarcelynascentlife;butonlyridgesofformlessruinmarktheplaceswhereoncedweltournoblestmultitudes。Theantandthemothhavecellsforeachoftheiryoung，butourlittleoneslieinfesteringheaps，inhomesthatconsumethemlikegraves;andnightbynight，fromthecornersofourstreets，risesupthecryofthehomeless——\"Iwasastranger，andyetookmenotin。\"
Mustitbealwaysthus？Isourlifeforevertobewithoutprofit——
withoutpossession？Shallthestrengthofitsgenerationsbeasbarrenasdeath;orcastawaytheirlabour，asthewildfig—treecastsheruntimelyfigs？Isitalladreamthen——thedesireoftheeyesandtheprideoflife——or，ifitbe，mightwenotliveinnoblerdreamthanthis？Thepoetsandprophets，thewisemen，andthescribes，thoughtheyhavetoldusnothingaboutalifetocome，havetoldusmuchaboutthelifethatisnow。Theyhavehad——theyalso，——theirdreams，andwehavelaughedatthem。Theyhavedreamedofmercy，andofjustice;theyhavedreamedofpeaceandgood—will;
theyhavedreamedoflabourundisappointed，andofrestundisturbed;
theyhavedreamedoffulnessinharvest，andoverflowinginstore;
theyhavedreamedofwisdomincouncil，andofprovidenceinlaw;ofgladnessofparents，andstrengthofchildren，andgloryofgreyhairs。Andatthesevisionsoftheirswehavemocked，andheldthemforidleandvain，unrealandunaccomplishable。Whathaveweaccomplishedwithourrealities？Isthiswhathascomeofourworldlywisdom，triedagainsttheirfolly？this，ourmightiestpossible，againsttheirimpotentideal？or，haveweonlywanderedamongthespectraofabaserfelicity，andchasedphantomsofthetombs，insteadofvisionsoftheAlmighty;andwalkedaftertheimaginationsofourevilhearts，insteadofafterthecounselsofEternity，untilourlives——notinthelikenessofthecloudofheaven，butofthesmokeofhell——havebecome\"asavapour，thatappearethforalittletime，andthenvanishethaway\"？
DOESitvanishthen？Areyousureofthat？——sure，thatthenothingnessofthegravewillbearestfromthistroublednothingness;andthatthecoilingshadow，whichdisquietsitselfinvain，cannotchangeintothesmokeofthetormentthatascendsforever？WillanyanswerthattheyAREsureofit，andthatthereisnofear，norhope，nordesire，norlabour，whithertheygo？Beitso：willyounot，then，makeassureoftheLifethatnowis，asyouareoftheDeaththatistocome？Yourheartsarewhollyinthisworld——willyounotgivethemtoitwisely，aswellasperfectly？Andsee，firstofall，thatyouHAVEhearts，andsoundhearts，too，togive。Becauseyouhavenoheaventolookfor，isthatanyreasonthatyoushouldremainignorantofthiswonderfulandinfiniteearth，whichisfirmlyandinstantlygivenyouinpossession？Althoughyourdaysarenumbered，andthefollowingdarknesssure，isitnecessarythatyoushouldsharethedegradationofthebrute，becauseyouarecondemnedtoitsmortality;orlivethelifeofthemoth，andoftheworm，becauseyouaretocompaniontheminthedust？Notso;wemayhavebutafewthousandsofdaystospend，perhapshundredsonly——perhapstens;nay，thelongestofourtimeandbest，lookedbackon，willbebutasamoment，asthetwinklingofaneye;stillwearemen，notinsects;wearelivingspirits，notpassingclouds。\"HemakeththewindsHismessengers;
themomentaryfire，Hisminister;\"andshallwedolessthanTHESE？
Letusdotheworkofmenwhilewebeartheformofthem;and，aswesnatchournarrowportionoftimeoutofEternity，snatchalsoournarrowinheritanceofpassionoutofImmortality——eventhoughourlivesBEasavapour，thatappearethforalittletime，andthenvanishethaway。
Buttherearesomeofyouwhobelievenotthis——whothinkthiscloudoflifehasnosuchclose——thatitistofloat，revealedandillumined，uponthefloorofheaven，inthedaywhenHecomethwithclouds，andeveryeyeshallseeHim。Someday，youbelieve，withinthesefive，orten，ortwentyyears，foreveryoneofusthejudgmentwillbeset，andthebooksopened。Ifthatbetrue，farmorethanthatmustbetrue。Istherebutonedayofjudgment？
Why，foruseverydayisadayofjudgment——everydayisaDiesIrae，andwritesitsirrevocableverdictintheflameofitsWest。
Thinkyouthatjudgmentwaitstillthedoorsofthegraveareopened？Itwaitsatthedoorsofyourhouses——itwaitsatthecornersofyourstreets;weareinthemidstofjudgment——theinsectsthatwecrushareourjudges——themomentswefretawayareourjudges——theelementsthatfeedus，judge，astheyminister——andthepleasuresthatdeceiveus，judge，astheyindulge。Letus，forourlives，dotheworkofMenwhilewebeartheformofthem，ifindeedthoselivesareNOTasavapour，anddoNOTvanishaway。
\"Theworkofmen\"——andwhatisthat？Well，wemayanyofusknowveryquickly，ontheconditionofbeingwhollyreadytodoit。Butmanyofusareforthemostpartthinking，notofwhatwearetodo，butofwhatwearetoget;andthebestofusaresunkintothesinofAnanias，anditisamortalone——wewanttokeepbackpartoftheprice;andwecontinuallytalkoftakingupourcross，asiftheonlyharminacrosswastheWEIGHTofit——asifitwasonlyathingtobecarried，insteadoftobe——crucifiedupon。\"TheythatareHishavecrucifiedtheflesh，withtheaffectionsandlusts。\"Doesthatmean，thinkyou，thatintimeofnationaldistress，ofreligioustrial，ofcrisisforeveryinterestandhopeofhumanity——noneofuswillceasejesting，noneceaseidling，noneputthemselvestoanywholesomework，nonetakesomuchasatagoflaceofftheirfootmen’scoats，tosavetheworld？Ordoesitrathermean，thattheyarereadytoleavehouses，lands，andkindreds——yes，andlife，ifneedbe？Life！——someofusarereadyenoughtothrowthataway，joylessaswehavemadeit。But\"STATIONinLife\"——howmanyofusarereadytoquitTHAT？Isitnotalwaysthegreatobjection，wherethereisquestionoffindingsomethingusefultodo——\"WecannotleaveourstationsinLife\"？
Thoseofuswhoreallycannot——thatistosay，whocanonlymaintainthemselvesbycontinuinginsomebusinessorsalariedoffice，havealreadysomethingtodo;andallthattheyhavetoseetois，thattheydoithonestlyandwithalltheirmight。Butwithmostpeoplewhousethatapology，\"remaininginthestationoflifetowhichProvidencehascalledthem\"meanskeepingallthecarriages，andallthefootmenandlargehousestheycanpossiblypayfor;and，onceforall，IsaythatifeverProvidenceDIDputthemintostationsofthatsort——whichisnotatallamatterofcertainty——Providenceisjustnowverydistinctlycallingthemoutagain。Levi’sstationinlifewasthereceiptofcustom;andPeter’s，theshoreofGalilee;
andPaul’s，theantechambersoftheHighPriest，——which\"stationinlife\"eachhadtoleave，withbriefnotice。
And，whateverourstationinlifemaybe，atthiscrisis，thoseofuswhomeantofulfilourdutyoughtfirsttoliveonaslittleaswecan;and，secondly，todoallthewholesomeworkforitwecan，andtospendallwecanspareindoingallthesuregoodwecan。
Andsuregoodis，firstinfeedingpeople，thenindressingpeople，theninlodgingpeople，andlastlyinrightlypleasingpeople，witharts，orsciences，oranyothersubjectofthought。
Isayfirstinfeeding;and，onceforall，donotletyourselvesbedeceivedbyanyofthecommontalkof\"indiscriminatecharity。\"Theordertousisnottofeedthedeservinghungry，northeindustrioushungry，northeamiableandwell—intentionedhungry，butsimplytofeedthehungry。Itisquitetrue，infalliblytrue，thatifanymanwillnotwork，neithershouldheeat——thinkofthat，andeverytimeyousitdowntoyourdinner，ladiesandgentlemen，saysolemnly，beforeyouaskablessing，\"HowmuchworkhaveIdoneto—dayformydinner？\"Buttheproperwaytoenforcethatorderonthosebelowyou，aswellasonyourselves，isnottoleavevagabondsandhonestpeopletostarvetogether，butverydistinctlytodiscernandseizeyourvagabond;andshutyourvagabondupoutofhonestpeople’sway，andverysternlythenseethat，untilhehasworked，hedoesNOT
eat。Butthefirstthingistobesureyouhavethefoodtogive;
and，therefore，toenforcetheorganizationofvastactivitiesinagricultureandincommerce，fortheproductionofthewholesomestfood，andproperstoringanddistributionofit，sothatnofamineshallanymorebepossibleamongcivilizedbeings。Thereisplentyofworkinthisbusinessalone，andatonce，foranynumberofpeoplewholiketoengageinit。
Secondly，dressingpeople——thatistosay，urgingeveryone，withinreachofyourinfluencetobealwaysneatandclean，andgivingthemmeansofbeingso。Insofarastheyabsolutelyrefuse，youmustgiveuptheeffortwithrespecttothem，onlytakingcarethatnochildrenwithinyoursphereofinfluenceshallanymorebebroughtupwithsuchhabits;andthateverypersonwhoiswillingtodresswithproprietyshallhaveencouragementtodoso。Andthefirstabsolutelynecessarysteptowardsthisisthegradualadoptionofaconsistentdressfordifferentranksofpersons，sothattheirrankshallbeknownbytheirdress;andtherestrictionofthechangesoffashionwithincertainlimits。Allwhichappearsforthepresentquiteimpossible;butitisonlysofarevendifficultasitisdifficulttoconquerourvanity，frivolity，anddesiretoappearwhatwearenot。Anditisnot，norevershallbe，creedofmine，thatthesemeanandshallowvicesareunconquerablebyChristianwomen。
Andthen，thirdly，lodgingpeople，whichyoumaythinkshouldhavebeenputfirst，butIputitthird，becausewemustfeedandclothepeoplewherewefindthem，andlodgethemafterwards。Andprovidinglodgmentforthemmeansagreatdealofvigorouslegislature，andcuttingdownofvestedintereststhatstandintheway，andafterthat，orbeforethat，sofaraswecangetit，thoroughsanitaryandremedialactioninthehousesthatwehave;andthenthebuildingofmore，strongly，beautifully，andingroupsoflimitedextent，keptinproportiontotheirstreams，andwalledround，sothattheremaybenofesteringandwretchedsuburbanywhere，butcleanandbusystreetwithin，andtheopencountrywithout，withabeltofbeautifulgardenandorchardroundthewalls，sothatfromanypartofthecityperfectlyfreshairandgrass，andsightoffarhorizon，mightbereachableinafewminutes’walk。Thisthefinalaim;butinimmediateactioneveryminorandpossiblegoodtobeinstantlydone，when，andas，wecan;roofsmendedthathaveholesinthem——
fencespatchedthathavegapsinthem——walls’buttressedthattotter——andfloorsproppedthatshake;cleanlinessandorderenforcedwithourownhandsandeyes，tillwearebreathless，everyday。Andallthefineartswillhealthilyfollow。Imyselfhavewashedaflightofstonestairsalldown，withbucketandbroom，inaSavoyinn，wheretheyhadn’twashedtheirstairssincetheyfirstwentupthem;andInevermadeabettersketchthanthatafternoon。
These，then，arethethreefirstneedsofcivilizedlife;andthelawforeveryChristianmanandwomanis，thattheyshallbeindirectservicetowardsoneofthesethreeneeds，asfarasisconsistentwiththeirownspecialoccupation，andiftheyhavenospecialbusiness，thenwhollyinoneoftheseservices。Andoutofsuchexertioninplaindutyallothergoodwillcome;forinthisdirectcontentionwithmaterialevil，youwillfindouttherealnatureofallevil;youwilldiscernbythevariouskindsofresistance，whatisreallythefaultandmainantagonismtogood;
alsoyouwillfindthemostunexpectedhelpsandprofoundlessonsgiven，andtruthswillcomethusdowntouswhichthespeculationofallourliveswouldneverhaveraisedusupto。Youwillfindnearlyeveryeducationalproblemsolved，assoonasyoutrulywanttodosomething;everybodywillbecomeofuseintheirownfittestway，andwilllearnwhatisbestforthemtoknowinthatuse。
Competitiveexaminationwillthen，andnottillthen，bewholesome，becauseitwillbedaily，andcalm，andinpractice;andonthesefamiliararts，andminute，butcertainandserviceableknowledges，willbesurelyedifiedandsustainedthegreaterartsandsplendidtheoreticalsciences。
Butmuchmorethanthis。Onsuchholyandsimplepracticewillbefounded，indeed，atlast，aninfalliblereligion。Thegreatestofallthemysteriesoflife，andthemostterrible，isthecorruptionofeventhesincerestreligion，whichisnotdailyfoundedonrational，effective，humble，andhelpfulaction。Helpfulaction，observe！forthereisjustonelaw，which，obeyed，keepsallreligionspure——forgotten，makesthemallfalse。Wheneverinanyreligiousfaith，darkorbright，weallowourmindstodwelluponthepointsinwhichwedifferfromotherpeople，wearewrong，andinthedevil’spower。ThatistheessenceofthePharisee’sthanksgiving——\"Lord，IthankTheethatIamnotasothermenare。\"
Ateverymomentofourlivesweshouldbetryingtofindout，notinwhatwedifferfromotherpeople，butinwhatweagreewiththem;
andthemomentwefindwecanagreeastoanythingthatshouldbedone，kindorgood，（andwhobutfoolscouldn’t？）thendoit;pushatittogether：youcan’tquarrelinaside—by—sidepush;butthemomentthateventhebestmenstoppushing，andbegintalking，theymistaketheirpugnacityforpiety，andit’sallover。IwillnotspeakofthecrimeswhichinpasttimeshavebeencommittedinthenameofChrist，norofthefollieswhichareatthishourheldtobeconsistentwithobediencetoHim;butIWILLspeakofthemorbidcorruptionandwasteofvitalpowerinreligioussentiment，bywhichthepurestrengthofthatwhichshouldbetheguidingsoulofeverynation，thesplendourofitsyouthfulmanhood，andspotlesslightofitsmaidenhood，isavertedorcastaway。Youmayseecontinuallygirlswhohaveneverbeentaughttodoasingleusefulthingthoroughly;whocannotsew，whocannotcook，whocannotcastanaccount，norprepareamedicine，whosewholelifehasbeenpassedeitherinplayorinpride;youwillfindgirlslikethese，whentheyareearnest—hearted，castalltheirinnatepassionofreligiousspirit，whichwasmeantbyGodtosupportthemthroughtheirksomenessofdailytoil，intogrievousandvainmeditationoverthemeaningofthegreatBook，ofwhichnosyllablewaseveryettobeunderstoodbutthroughadeed;alltheinstinctivewisdomandmercyoftheirwomanhoodmadevain，andthegloryoftheirpureconscienceswarpedintofruitlessagonyconcerningquestionswhichthelawsofcommonserviceablelifewouldhaveeithersolvedfortheminaninstant，orkeptoutoftheirway。Givesuchagirlanytrueworkthatwillmakeheractiveinthedawn，andwearyatnight，withtheconsciousnessthatherfellow—creatureshaveindeedbeenthebetterforherday，andthepowerlesssorrowofherenthusiasmwilltransformitselfintoamajestyofradiantandbeneficentpeace。
Sowithouryouths。WeoncetaughtthemtomakeLatinverses，andcalledthemeducated;nowweteachthemtoleapandtorow，tohitaballwithabat，andcallthemeducated。Cantheyplough，cantheysow，cantheyplantattherighttime，orbuildwithasteadyhand？
Isittheeffortoftheirlivestobechaste，knightly，faithful，holyinthought，lovelyinwordanddeed？Indeeditis，withsome，nay，withmany，andthestrengthofEnglandisinthem，andthehope;butwehavetoturntheircouragefromthetoilofwartothetoilofmercy;andtheirintellectfromdisputeofwordstodiscernmentofthings;andtheirknighthoodfromtheerrantryofadventuretothestateandfidelityofakinglypower。Andthen，indeed，shallabide，forthemandforus，anincorruptiblefelicity，andaninfalliblereligion;shallabideforusFaith，nomoretobeassailedbytemptation，nomoretobedefendedbywrathandbyfear;——shallabidewithusHope，nomoretobequenchedbytheyearsthatoverwhelm，ormadeashamedbytheshadowsthatbetray：—shallabideforus，andwithus，thegreatestofthese;theabidingwill，theabidingnameofourFather。ForthegreatestoftheseisCharity。
Footnotes：
{1}Theparagraphthatbegins\"IthinkIcanbesttellyoutheiranswer……\"
{2}Theparagraphthatbegins\"Doesabird……\"
{3}Theparagraphsbeginning：
79——\"Ibelieve，then，withthisexception……\"
75——\"Yet，observe，withexquisiteaccuracy……\"
19——\"Now，inordertodealwithwordsrightly，……\"
79——\"Then，inart，keepthefinestmodels……\"
{4}[Greekwordwhichcannotbereproduced]
{5}Notethissentencecarefully，andcomparethe’QueenoftheAir，’paragraph\"NothingthatIeversaidismore……\"
{6}2Peteriii。5—7。
{7}Comparethe13thLetterin’TimeandTide。’
{8}Modern\"Education\"forthemostpartsignifiesgivingpeoplethefacultyofthinkingwrongoneveryconceivablesubjectofimportancetothem。
{9}Inf。xxiii。125，126;xix。49。50。
{10}Comparewithparagraph\"This，then，iswhatyouhavetodo……\"
{11}Seenoteatendoflecture。Ihaveputitinlargetype，becausethecourseofmatterssinceitwaswrittenhasmadeitperhapsbetterworthattention。
{12}Respectingtheincreaseofrentbythedeathsofthepoor，forevidenceofwhichseetheprefacetotheMedicalOfficer’sreporttothePrivyCouncil，justpublished，therearesuggestionsinitsprefacewhichwillmakesomestiramongus，Ifancy，respectingwhichletmenotethesepointsfollowing：—
Therearetwotheoriesonthesubjectoflandnowabroad，andincontention;bothfalse。
Thefirstisthat，byHeavenlylaw，therehavealwaysexisted，andmustcontinuetoexist，acertainnumberofhereditarilysacredpersonstowhomtheearth，air，andwateroftheworldbelong，aspersonalproperty;ofwhichearth，air，andwater，thesepersonsmay，attheirpleasure，permit，orforbid，therestofthehumanracetoeat，tobreathe，ortodrink。Thistheoryisnotformanyyearslongertenable。Theadversetheoryisthatadivisionofthelandoftheworldamongthemoboftheworldwouldimmediatelyelevatethesaidmobintosacredpersonages;thathouseswouldthenbuildthemselves，andcorngrowofitself;andthateverybodywouldbeabletolive，withoutdoinganyworkforhisliving。Thistheorywouldalsobefoundhighlyuntenableinpractice。
Itwill，however，requiresomeroughexperimentsandroughercatastrophes，beforethegeneralityofpersonswillbeconvincedthatnolawconcerninganything——leastofallconcerningland，foreitherholdingordividingit，orrentingithigh，orrentingitlow——wouldbeofthesmallestultimateusetothepeople，solongasthegeneralcontestforlife，andforthemeansoflife，remainsoneofmerebrutalcompetition。Thatcontest，inanunprinciplednation，willtakeonedeadlyformoranother，whateverlawsyoumakeagainstit。Forinstance，itwouldbeanentirelywholesomelawforEngland，ifitcouldbecarried，thatmaximumlimitsshouldbeassignedtoincomesaccordingtoclasses;andthateverynobleman’sincomeshouldbepaidtohimasafixedsalaryorpensionbythenation;andnotsqueezedbyhiminvariablesums，atdiscretion，outofthetenantsofhisland。Butifyoucouldgetsuchalawpassedto—morrow，andif，whichwouldbefarthernecessary，youcouldfixthevalueoftheassignedincomesbymakingagivenweightofpurebreadforagivensum，atwelvemonthwouldnotpassbeforeanothercurrencywouldhavebeentacitlyestablished，andthepowerofaccumulatedwealthwouldhavere—asserteditselfinsomeotherarticle，orsomeotherimaginarysign。Thereisonlyonecureforpublicdistress——andthatispubliceducation，directedtomakementhoughtful，merciful，andjust。Thereare，indeed，manylawsconceivablewhichwouldgraduallybetterandstrengthenthenationaltemper;but，forthemostpart，theyaresuchasthenationaltempermustbemuchbetteredbeforeitwouldbear。Anationinitsyouthmaybehelpedbylaws，asaweakchildbybackboards，butwhenitisolditcannotthatwaystrengthenitscrookedspine。
Andbesides;theproblemofland，atitsworst，isabyeone;
distributetheearthasyouwill，theprincipalquestionremainsinexorable，——Whoistodigit？Whichofus，inbriefword，istodothehardanddirtyworkfortherest，andforwhatpay？Whoistodothepleasantandcleanwork，andforwhatpay？Whoisdonowork，andforwhatpay？Andtherearecuriousmoralandreligiousquestionsconnectedwiththese。Howfarisitlawfultosuckaportionofthesouloutofagreatmanypersons，inordertoputtheabstractedpsychicalquantitiestogetherandmakeoneverybeautifuloridealsoul？Ifwehadtodealwithmerebloodinsteadofspirit，（andthethingmightliterallybedone——asithasbeendonewithinfantsbeforenow）——sothatitwerepossible，bytakingacertainquantityofbloodfromthearmsofagivennumberofthemob，andputtingitallintooneperson，tomakeamoreazure—bloodedgentlemanofhim，thethingwouldofcoursebemanaged;butsecretly，Ishouldconceive。Butnow，becauseitisbrainandsoulthatweabstract，notvisibleblood，itcanbedonequiteopenly，andwelive，wegentlemen，ondelicatestprey，afterthemannerofweasels;thatistosay，wekeepacertainnumberofclownsdiggingandditching，andgenerallystupefied，inorderthatwe，beingfedgratis，mayhaveallthethinkingandfeelingtoourselves。Yetthereisagreatdealtobesaidforthis。Ahighly—bredandtrainedEnglish，French，Austrian，orItaliangentleman（muchmorealady），isagreatproduction，——abetterproductionthanmoststatues;beingbeautifullycolouredaswellasshaped，andplusallthebrains;agloriousthingtolookat，awonderfulthingtotalkto;andyoucannothaveit，anymorethanapyramidorachurch，butbysacrificeofmuchcontributedlife。Anditis，perhaps，bettertobuildabeautifulhumancreaturethanabeautifuldomeorsteeple——andmoredelightfultolookupreverentlytoacreaturefaraboveus，thantoawall;onlythebeautifulhumancreaturewillhavesomedutiestodoinreturn——dutiesoflivingbelfryandrampart——ofwhichpresently。
{13}Sincethiswaswritten，theanswerhasbecomedefinitely——No;
wehavingsurrenderedthefieldofArcticdiscoverytotheContinentalnations，asbeingourselvestoopoortopayforships。
{14}IstatethisfactwithoutProfessorOwen’spermission：whichofcoursehecouldnotwithproprietyhavegranted，hadIaskedit;
butIconsideritsoimportantthatthepublicshouldbeawareofthefact，thatIdowhatseemstomeright，thoughrude。
{15}Thatwasourrealideaof\"FreeTrade\"——\"Allthetradetomyself。\"Youfindnowthatby\"competition\"otherpeoplecanmanagetosellsomethingaswellasyou——andnowwecallforProtectionagain。Wretches！
{16}Imeantthatthebeautifulplacesoftheworld——Switzerland，Italy，SouthGermany，andsoon——are，indeed，thetruestcathedrals—
—placestobereverentin，andtoworshipin;andthatweonlycaretodrivethroughthem：andtoeatanddrinkattheirmostsacredplaces。
{17}Iwassingularlystruck，someyearsago，byfindingalltherivershoreatRichmond，inYorkshire，blackinitsearth，fromthemeredriftofsoot—ladenairfromplacesmanymilesaway。
{18}Oneofthethingswhichwemustveryresolutelyenforce，forthegoodofallclasses，inourfuturearrangements，mustbethattheywearno\"translated\"articlesofdress。Seethepreface。
{19}Thisabbreviationofthepenaltyofuselesslabouriscuriouslycoincidentinverbalformwithacertainpassagewhichsomeofusmayremember。Itmayperhapsbewelltopreservebesidethisparagraphanothercuttingoutofmystore—drawer，fromthe’MorningPost，’ofaboutaparalleldate，Friday，March10th，1865：—
\"TheSALONSofMme。C—，whodidthehonourswithcleverimitativegraceandelegance，werecrowdedwithprinces，dukes，marquises，andcounts——infact，withthesameMALEcompanyasonemeetsatthepartiesofthePrincessMetternichandMadameDrouyndeLhuys。SomeEnglishpeersandmembersofParliamentwerepresent，andappearedtoenjoytheanimatedanddazzlinglyimproperscene。Onthesecondfloorthesuppertableswereloadedwitheverydelicacyoftheseason。ThatyourreadersmayformsomeideaofthedaintyfareoftheParisiandemi—monde，Icopythemenuofthesupper，whichwasservedtoalltheguests（about200）seatedatfouro’clock。ChoiceYquem，Johannisberg，Laffitte，Tokay，andchampagneofthefinestvintageswereservedmostlavishlythroughoutthemorning。Aftersupperdancingwasresumedwithincreasedanimation，andtheballterminatedwithaCHAINEDIABOLIQUEandaCANCAND’ENFERatseveninthemorning。（Morningservice——’Erethefreshlawnsappeared，undertheopeningeyelidsoftheMorn。—’）Hereisthemenu：—’ConsommedevolailleelaBagration：16hors—d’oeuvresvaries。BoucheeselaTalleyrand。Saumonsfroids，sauceRavigote。FiletsdeboeufenBellevue，timbalesmilanaises，chaudfroiddegibier。Dindestruffees。Patesdefoiesgras，buissonsd’ecrevisses，saladesvenetiennes，geleesblanchesauxfruits，gateauxmancini，parisiensetparisiennes。Fromagesglaces。Ananas。Dessert。’\"
{20}Pleaseobservethisstatement，andthinkofit，andconsiderhowithappensthatapooroldwomanwillbeashamedtotakeashillingaweekfromthecountry——butnooneisashamedtotakeapensionofathousandayear。
{21}Iamheartilygladtoseesuchapaperasthe’PallMallGazette’established;forthepowerofthepressinthehandsofhighlyeducatedmen，inindependentposition，andofhonestpurpose，mayindeedbecomeallthatithasbeenhithertovainlyvauntedtobe。Itseditorwilltherefore，Idoubtnot，pardonme，inthat，byveryreasonofmyrespectforthejournal，Idonotletpassunnoticedanarticleinitsthirdnumber，page5，whichwaswrongineverywordofit，withtheintensewrongnesswhichonlyanhonestmancanachievewhohastakenafalseturnofthoughtintheoutset，andisfollowingit，regardlessofconsequences。Itcontainedattheendthisnotablepassage：—
\"Thebreadofaffliction，andthewaterofaffliction，——aye，andthebedsteadsandblanketsofaffliction，aretheveryutmostthatthelawoughttogivetoOUTCASTSMERELYASOUTCASTS。\"ImerelyputbesidethisexpressionofthegentlemanlymindofEnglandin1865，apartofthemessagewhichIsaiahwasorderedto\"liftuphisvoicelikeatrumpet\"indeclaringtothegentlemenofhisday：\"Yefastforstrife，andtosmitewiththefistofwickedness。IsnotthisthefastthatIhavechosen，todealthybreadtothehungry，andthatthoubringthepoorTHATARECASTOUT（margin，’afflicted’）toTHYhouse？\"Thefalsehoodonwhichthewriterhadmentallyfoundedhimself，aspreviouslystatedbyhim，wasthis：\"Toconfoundthefunctionsofthedispensersofthepoor—rateswiththoseofthedispensersofacharitableinstitutionisagreatandperniciouserror。\"Thissentenceissoaccuratelyandexquisitelywrong，thatitssubstancemustbethusreversedinourmindsbeforewecandealwithanyexistingproblemofnationaldistress。\"Tounderstandthatthedispensersofthepoor—ratesarethealmonersofthenation，andshoulddistributeitsalmswithagentlenessandfreedomofhandasmuchgreaterandfrankerthanthatpossibletoindividualcharity，asthecollectivenationalwisdomandpowermaybesupposedgreaterthanthoseofanysingleperson，isthefoundationofalllawrespectingpauperism。\"（Sincethiswaswrittenthe’PallMallGazette’hasbecomeamerepartypaper——liketherest;butitwriteswell，anddoesmoregoodthanmischiefonthewhole。）
{22}[Greektextwhichcannotbereproduced]
{23}Iought，inordertomakethisassertionfullyunderstood，tohavenotedthevariousweaknesseswhichlowertheidealofothergreatcharactersofmenintheWaverleynovels——theselfishnessandnarrownessofthoughtinRedgauntlet，theweakreligiousenthusiasminEdwardGlendinning，andthelike;andIoughttohavenoticedthatthereareseveralquiteperfectcharacterssketchedsometimesinthebackgrounds;three——letusacceptjoyouslythiscourtesytoEnglandandhersoldiers——areEnglishofficers：ColonelGardiner，ColonelTalbot，andColonelMannering。
{24}CoventryPatmore。Youcannotreadhimtoooftenortoocarefully;asfarasIknowheistheonlylivingpoetwhoalwaysstrengthensandpurifies;theotherssometimesdarken，andnearlyalwaysdepressanddiscourage，theimaginationtheydeeplyseize。
{25}Observe，itis\"Nature\"whoisspeakingthroughout，andwhosays，\"whilesheandItogetherlive。\"
{26}\"JoanofArc：inreferencetoM。Michelet’s’HistoryofFrance。’\"DeQuincey’sWorks。Vol。iii。p。217。
{27}IwishtherewereatrueorderofchivalryinstitutedforourEnglishyouthofcertainranks，inwhichbothboyandgirlshouldreceive，atagivenage，theirknighthoodandladyhoodbytruetitle;attainableonlybycertainprobationandtrialbothofcharacterandaccomplishment;andtobeforfeited，onconviction，bytheirpeers，ofanydishonourableact。Suchaninstitutionwouldbeentirely，andwithallnobleresults，possible，inanationwhichlovedhonour。Thatitwouldnotbepossibleamongus，isnottothediscreditofthescheme。
{28}Seenote{19}
{29}Thatnoreferenceshouldbemadetoreligiousquestions。
{30}Ihavesometimesbeenaskedwhatthismeans。Iintendedittosetforththewisdomofmeninwarcontendingforkingdoms，andwhatfollowstosetforththeirwisdominpeace，contendingforwealth。
{31}See\"TheTwoPaths，\"——paragraphbeginning\"YouknowIsaidofthatgreatandpure……\"