第5章

Commit，Amend。

Prev。Qu。

Postpone，Amend。

Prev。Qu。

Postpone，Commit。

1。Prev。Qu。andPostpone，2。Postponeand3。Commitand4。AmendandInthe1st，2dand3dclassesandthe1stmemberofthe4thclass，therule\"firstmovedfirstput\"

takesplace。Inthefirstclass，wherethepreviousquestionisfirstmoved，theeffectispeculiar。Foritnotonlypreventstheaftermotiontopostponeorcommitfrombeingputtoquestionbeforeit，butalso，frombeingputafterit。

Forifthepreviousquestionbedecidedaffirmatively，towit，thatthemainquestionshallnowbeput，itwouldofcoursebeagainstthedecisiontopostponeorcommit。Andifitbedecidednegatively，towit，thatthemainquestionshallnotnowbeput，thisputstheHouseoutofpossessionofthemainquestion，andconsequentlythereisnothingbeforethemtopostponeorcommit。Sothatneithervotingfor，oragainstthepreviousquestion，willenabletheadvocatesforpostponingorcommittingtogetattheirobject。Whetheritmaybeamended，shallbeexaminedhereafter。

2dClass。Ifpostponementbedecidedaffirmatively，thepropositionisremovedfrombeforetheHouse，andconsequentlythereisnogroundforthepreviousquestion，commitment，oramendment。But，ifdecidednegatively，thatitshallnotbepostponed，themainquestionmaythenbesuppressedbythepreviousquestion，ormaybecommitted，oramended。

The3dclassissubjecttothesameobservationsasthe2d。

The4thclass。Amendmentofthemainquestionfirstmoved，andafterwardsthepreviousquestion，thequestionofamendmentshallbefirstput。

Amendmentandpostponementcompeting，postponementisfirstput，astheequivalentpropositiontoadjournthemainquestionwouldbeinParliament。

Thereasonis，thatthequestionforamendmentisnotsuppressedbypostponingoradjourningthemainquestion，butremainsbeforetheHousewheneverthemainquestionisresumed:anditmightbethattheoccasionforotherurgentbusinessmightgoby，andbelostbylengthofdebateontheamendment，iftheHousehaditnotintheirpowertopostponethewholesubject。

Amendmentandcommitment。Thequestionforcommitting，thoughlastmoved，shallbefirstput:because，intruth，itfacilitatesandbefriendsthemotiontoamend。Scobellisexpress。\"Onamotiontoamendabill，anyonemaynotwithstanding，movetocommitit，andthequestionforcommitmentshallbefirstput。”Scob。46。

Wehavehithertoconsideredthecaseoftwoormoreoftheprivilegedquestionscontendingforprivilegebetweenthemselves，whenbothweremovedontheoriginalormainquestion；butnowletussupposeoneofthemtobemoved，notontheoriginalprimaryquestion，butonthesecondaryone:

e。g。

Supposeamotiontopostpone，commitoramendthemainquestion，andthatitbemovedtosuppressthatmotionbyputtingapreviousquestiononit。Thisisnotallowed:becauseitwouldembarrassquestionstoomuchtoallowthemtobepiledononeanotherseveralstorieshigh；andthesameresultmaybehadinamoresimpleway，bydecidingagainstthepostponement，commitmentoramendment。2Hats。81，2，3，4。

Supposeamotionforthepreviousquestion，orcommitment，oramendmentofthemainquestion，andthatitbethenmovedtopostponethemotionforthepreviousquestion，orforcommitment，oramendmentofthemainquestion。1。Itwouldbeabsurdtopostponethepreviousquestion，commitmentoramendmentalone，andthusseparatetheappendagefromitsprincipal。

Yetitmustbepostponedseparatelyfromitsoriginal，ifatall:becausethe8thruleofSenatesays，thatwhenamainquestionisbeforetheHouse，nomotionshallbereceivedbuttocommit，amend，orpre-questiontheoriginalquestion，whichistheParliamentarydoctrinealso。Thereforethemotiontopostponethesecondarymotionforthepreviousquestion，orforcommittingoramending，cannotbereceived。2。Thisisapilingofquestionsoneonanother，which，toavoidembarrassment，isnotallowed。3。Thesameresultmaybehadmoresimply，byvotingagainstthepreviousquestion，commitmentoramendment。

Supposeacommitmentmovedofamotionforthepreviousquestion，ortopostponeoramend。The1st，2dand3dreasonsbeforestated，allholdgoodagainstthis。

Supposeanamendmentmovedtoamotionforthepreviousquestion。Answer。

Thepreviousquestioncannotbeamended。Parliamentaryusage，aswellasthe9thruleoftheSenatehasfixeditsformtobe\"Shallthemainquestionbenowput？\"i。e。atthisinstant。Andasthepresentinstantisbutone，itcanadmitofnomodification。Tochangeittoto-morrow，oranyothermoment，iswithoutexample，andwithoututility。Butsupposeamotiontoamendamotionforpostponement；astoonedayinsteadofanother，ortoaspecial，insteadofindefinitetime。Theusefulcharacterofamendment，givesitaprivilegeofattachingitselftoasecondaryandprivilegedmotion。Thatis，wemayamendapostponementofamainquestion。Sowemayamendacommitmentofamainquestion，asbyadding，forexample，\"withinstructionstoenquire，&；c。”Inlikemanner，ifanamendmentbemovedtoanamendment，itisadmitted。Butitwouldnotbeadmittedinanotherdegree:towit，toamendanamendmenttoanamendment，ofamainquestion。

Thiswouldleadtotoomuchembarrassment。Thelinemustbedrawnsomewhere，andusagehasdrawnitaftertheamendmenttotheamendment。Thesameresultmustbesoughtbydecidingagainsttheamendmenttotheamendment，andthenmovingitagainasitwaswishedtobeamended。Inthisformitbecomesonlyanamendmenttoanamendment。

Infillingablankwithasum，thelargestsumshallbefirstputtothequestionbythe18thruleoftheSenate，contrarytotheruleofParliamentwhichprivilegesthesmallestsumandlongesttime。5Grey179。2Hats。81，83。3Hats。132，133。Andthisisconsideredtobenotintheformofanamendmenttothequestion；butasalternative，orsuccessiveoriginals。Inallcasesoftimeornumber，wemustconsiderwhetherthelargercomprehendsthelesser，asinaquestiontowhatdayapostponementshallbe，thenumberofacommittee，amountofafine，termofanimprisonment，termofirredeemabilityofaloan，ortheterminusinquem，inanyothercase。Thenthequestionmustbeginamaximo。Orwhetherthelesserconcludesthegreater，asinquestionsonthelimitationoftherateofinterest，onwhatdaythesessionshallbeclosedbyadjournment，onwhatdaythenextshallcommence，whenanactshallcommence，ortheterminusaquoinanyothercase，wherethequestionmustbeginaminimo。

Theobjectbeingnottobeginatthatextreme，which，andmore，beingwithineveryman\'swish，noonecouldnegativeit，andyet，ifheshouldvoteintheaffirmative，everyquestionformorewouldbeprecluded:butatthatextremewhichwouldunitefew，andthentoadvanceorrecede，tillyougettoanumberwhichwilluniteabaremajority。3Grey376，384，385。\"Thefairquestioninthiscaseisnotthattowhichandmoreallwillagree，butwhetherthereshallbeadditiontothequestion。”1Grey265。

Anotherexceptiontotheruleofpriorityis，whenamotionhasbeenmadetostrikeout，oragreetoaparagraph。Motionstoamenditaretobeputtothequestionbeforeavoteistakenonstrikingout，oragreeingtothewholeparagraph。

Butthereareseveralquestions，whichbeingincidentaltoeveryone，willtakeplaceofeveryone，privilegedornot；towit，aquestionoforderarisingoutofanyotherquestion，mustbedecidedbeforethatquestion。

2Hats。88。

Amatterofprivilegearisingoutofanyquestion，orfromaquarrelbetweentwomembers，oranyothercause，supersedestheconsiderationoftheoriginalquestion，andmustbefirstdisposedof。2Hats。88。

ReadingpapersrelativetothequestionbeforetheHouse。Thisquestionmustbeputbeforetheprincipalone。2Hats。88。

Leaveaskedtowithdrawamotion。TheruleofParliamentbeing，thatamotionmadeandsecondedisinpossessionoftheHouse，andcannotbewithdrawnwithoutleave，theverytermsoftheruleimplythatleavemaybegiven，andconsequentlymaybeaskedandputtothequestion。SEC。XXXIV。

THEPREVIOUSQUESTION。WHENanyquestionisbeforetheHouse，anymembermaymoveapreviousquestion\"Whetherthatquestion(calledthemainquestion)shallnowbeput？\"Ifitpassintheaffirmative，thenthemainquestionistobeputimmediately，andnomanmayspeakanythingfurthertoit，eithertoaddoralter。Memor。inHakew。28。4Grey27。

Thepreviousquestionbeingmovedandseconded，thequestionfromthechairshallbe，\"Shallthemainquestionbenowput？\"11andifthenaysprevail，themainquestionshallnotthenbeput。Rule9。

ThiskindofquestionisunderstoodbyMr。Hatselltohavebeenintroducedin1604。2Hats。80。SirHenryVaneintroducedit。2Grey113，114。3Grey384。Whenthequestionwasputinthisform，\"Shallthemainquestionbeput？\"adeterminationinthenegativesuppressedthemainquestionduringthesession；butsincethewords\"nowput\"areused，theyexcludeitforthepresentonly。Formerlyindeed，onlytillthepresentdebatewasover；4Grey43。butnow，forthatdayandnolonger。

2Grey113，114。

Beforethequestion\"whetherthemainquestionshallnowbeput？\"anypersonmight，formerly，havespokentothemainquestion，becauseotherwisehewouldbeprecludedfromspeakingtoitatall。Mem。inHakew。28。

Theproperoccasionforthepreviousquestionis，whenasubjectisbroughtforwardofadelicatenature，astohighpersonages，&；c。orthediscussionofwhichmaycallforthobservationswhichmightbeofinjuriousconsequences。Thenthepreviousquestionisproposed:and，inthemodernusage，thediscussionofthemainquestionissuspended，andthedebateconfinedtothepreviousquestion。Theuseofithasbeenextendedabusivelytoothercases:butintheseitisanembarrassingprocedure:itsuseswouldbeaswellansweredbyothermoresimpleParliamentaryforms，andthereforeitshouldnotbefavoured，butrestrictedwithinasnarrowlimitsaspossible。

Whetheramainquestionmaybeamendedafterthepreviousquestiononithasbeenmovedandseconded？2Hats。88。says，Ifthepreviousquestionhasbeenmovedandseconded，andalsoproposedfromthechair，(bywhichhemeansstatedbytheSpeakerfordebate)ithasbeendoubtedwhetheranamendmentcanbeadmittedtothemainquestion。Hethinksitmay，afterthepreviousquestionmovedandseconded；butnotafterithasbeenproposedfromthechair。Inthiscasehethinksthefriendstotheamendmentmustvotethatthemainquestionbenotnowput；andthenmovetheiramendedquestion，whichbeingmadenewbytheamendment，isnolongerthesamewhichhasbeenjustsuppressed，andthereforemaybeproposedasanewone。Butthisproceedingcertainlyendangersthemainquestion，bydividingitsfriends，someofwhommaychuseitunamended，ratherthanloseitaltogether；whileothersofthemmayvote，asHatselladvises，thatthemainquestionbenotnowput，withaviewtomoveitagaininanamendedform。Theenemiestothemainquestion，bythismanoeuvreofthepreviousquestion，gettheenemiestotheamendmentaddedtothemonthefirstvote，andthrowthefriendsofthemainquestionundertheembarrassmentofrallyingagainastheycan。Tosupporthisopiniontoo，hemakesthedecidingcircumstance，whetheranamendmentmayormaynotbemade，tobethatthepreviousquestionhasbeenproposedfromthechair。ButastheruleisthattheHouseisinpossessionofaquestionassoonasitismovedandseconded，itcannotbemorethanpossessedofitbyitsbeingalsoproposedfromthechair。Itmaybesaidindeed，thattheobjectofthepreviousquestionbeingtogetridofaquestion，whichitisnotexpedientshouldbediscussed，thisobjectmaybedefeatedbymovingtoamend，and，inthediscussionofthatmotion，involvingthesubjectofthemainquestion。

Butsomaytheobjectofthepreviousquestionbedefeatedbymovingtheamendedquestion，asMr。Hatsellproposes，afterthedecisionagainstputtingtheoriginalquestion。Heacknowledgestoo，thatthepracticehasbeentoadmitpreviousamendment，andonlycitesafewlateinstancestothecontrary。Onthewhole，Ishouldthinkitbesttodecideitabinconvenienti，towit，whichismostinconvenient，toputitinthepowerofonesideoftheHousetodefeatapropositionbyhastilymovingthepreviousquestion，andthusforcingthemainquestiontobeputunamended；ortoputinthepoweroftheothersidetoforceon，incidentallyatleast，adiscussionwhichwouldbebetteravoided？Perhapsthelastistheleastinconvenience；

inasmuchastheSpeaker，byconfiningthediscussionrigorouslytotheamendmentonly，maypreventtheirgoingintothemainquestion，andinasmuchalsoassogreataproportionofthecasesinwhichthepreviousquestioniscalledfor，arefairandpropersubjectsofpublicdiscussion，andoughtnottobeobstructedbyaformalityintroducedforquestionsofapeculiarcharacter。SEC。XXXV。

AMENDMENTS。ONanamendmentbeingmoved，amemberwhohasspokentothemainquestionmayspeakagaintotheamendment。Scob。23。

Ifanamendmentbeproposed，inconsistentwithonealreadyagreedto，itisafitgroundforitsrejectionbytheHouse；butnotwithinthecompetenceoftheSpeakertosuppressasifitwereagainstorder。Forwerehepermittedtodrawquestionsofconsistencewithinthevortexoforder，hemightusurpanegativeonimportantmodifications，andsuppress，insteadofsubserving，thelegislativewill。

Amendmentsmaybemadesoastotallytoalterthenatureoftheproposition；

anditisawayofgettingridofaproposition，bymakingitbearasensedifferentfromwhatwasintendedbythemovers，sothattheyvoteagainstitthemselves。2Hats。79，4，82，84。Anewbillmaybeingraftedbywayofamendment，onthewords\"Beitenacted，&；c。”1Grey190，192。

Ifitbeproposedtoamendbyleavingoutcertainwords，itmaybemovedasanamendmenttothisamendment，toleaveoutapartofthewordsoftheamendment，whichisequivalenttoleavingtheminthebill。2Hats。

80，9。TheParliamentaryquestionisalways，whetherthewordsshallstandpartofthebill？

Whenitisproposedtoamendbyinsertingaparagraph，orpartofone，thefriendsoftheparagraphmaymakeitasperfectastheycanbyamendments，beforethequestionisputforinsertingit。Ifitbereceived，itcannotbeamendedafterwards，inthesamestage；becausetheHouse，hasonavote，agreedtoitinthatform。Inlikemanner，ifitisproposedtoamendbystrikingoutaparagraph，thefriendsoftheparagrapharefirsttomakeitasperfectastheycanbyamendments，beforethequestionisputforstrikingitout。If，onthequestion，itberetained，itcannotbeamendedafterwards:becauseavoteagainststrikingout，isequivalenttoavoteagreeingtoitinthatform。

Whenitismovedtoamend，bystrikingoutcertainwords，andinsertingothers，themannerofstatingthequestionis，firsttoreadthewholepassagetobeamendedasitstandsatpresent，thenthewordsproposedtobestruckout，nextthosetobeinserted，andlastly，thewholepassageasitwillbewhenamended。Andthequestion，ifdesired，isthentobedivided，andputfirstonstrikingout。Ifcarried，itisnextoninsertingthewordsproposed。Ifthatbelost，itmaybemovedtoinsertothers，2Hats。80，7。

Amotionismadetoamendbystrikingoutcertainwords，andinsertingothersintheirplace，whichisnegatived。Thenitismovedtostrikeoutthesamewords，andtoinsertothers，ofatenorentirelydifferentfromthosefirstproposed。Itisnegatived。Thenitismovedtostrikeoutthesamewordsandinsertnothing，whichisagreedto。Allthisisadmissible；

becausetostrikeoutandinsertA，isoneproposition。TostrikeoutandinsertB，isadifferentproposition。Andtostrikeoutandinsertnothing，isstilldifferent。Andtherejectionofonepropositiondoesnotprecludetheofferingadifferentone。Norwoulditchangethecasewerethefirstmotiondivided，byputtingthequestionfirstonstrikingout，andthatnegatived。Forasputtingthewholemotiontothequestionatonce，wouldnothaveprecluded，theputtingthehalfofitcannotdoit。4

Butifithadbeencarriedaffirmativelytostrikeoutthewords，andtoinsertA，itcouldnotafterwardsbepermittedtostrikeoutAandinsertB。ThemoverofBshouldhavenotifiedwhiletheinsertionofAwasunderdebate，thathewouldmovetoinsertB。Inwhichcase，thosewhopreferredit，wouldjoininrejectingA。

AfterAisinserted，however，itmaybemovedtostrikeoutaportionoftheoriginalparagraph，comprehendingA，providedthecoherencetobestruckout，besosubstantialastomakethiseffectivelyadifferentproposition。

Forthenitisresolvedintothecommoncaseofstrikingoutaparagraphafteramendingit。Nordoesanythingforbidanewinsertion，insteadofAanditscoherence。

InSenate，January25，1798，amotiontopostponeuntilthe2dTuesdayinFebruarysomeamendmentsproposedtotheconstitution……Thewords\"untilthe2dTuesdayinFebruary，\"werestruckoutbywayofamendment。

Thenitwasmoved，toadd\"untilthe1stdayofJune。”Objectedthatitwasnotinorder，asthequestionshouldbefirstputonthelongesttime；

therefore，afterashortertimedecidedagainst，alongercannotbeputtoquestion。Itwasanswered，thatthisruletakesplaceonlyinfillingblanksfortime。Butwhenaspecifictimestandspartofamotion，thatmaybestruckoutaswellasanyotherpartofthemotion；andwhenstruckout，amotionmaybereceivedtoinsertanyother。Infact，itisnottilltheyarestruckout，andablankforthetimetherebyproduced，thattherulecanbegintooperate，byreceivingallthepropositionsfordifferenttimes，andputtingthequestionssuccessivelyonthelongest。Otherwise，itwouldbeinthepowerofthemover，byinsertingoriginallyashorttime，toprecludethepossibilityofalonger。Fortilltheshorttimeisstruckout，youcannotinsertalonger；andif，afteritisstruckout，youcannotdoit，thenitcannotbedoneatall。Supposethefirstmotionhadbeentoamendbystrikingout\"the2dTuesdayofFebruary，\"andinsertinginsteadthereof\"the1stofJune。\'\'Itwouldhavebeenregularthentodividethequestion，byproposingfirstthequestiontostrikeout，andthenthattoinsert。Nowthisispreciselytheeffectofthepresentproceeding；

onlyinsteadofonemotionandtwoquestions，therearetwomotionsandtwoquestions，toeffectit；themotionbeingdividedaswellasthequestion。

Whenthemattercontainedintwobillsmightbebetterputintoone，themanneristorejecttheone，andincorporateitsmatterintoanotherbillbywayofamendment。Or，bothmaybereferredtoacommitteetobemadeintoonebill。4Hats。319。Soifthematterofonebillwouldbebetterdistributedintotwo，anypartmaybestruckoutbywayofamendment，andputintoanewbill。Ifasectionistobetransposed，aquestionmustbeputonstrikingitoutwhereitstands，andanotherforinsertingitintheplacedesired。

AbillpassedbytheoneHousewithblanks。Thesemaybefilledupbytheother；bywayofamendments，returnedtothefirstassuchandpassed。

3Hats。83。

Thenumberprefixedtothesectionofabill，beingmerelyamarginalindication，andnopartofthetextofthebill，theclerkregulatesthat，theHouseorcommitteeisonlytoamendthetext。SEC。XXXVI。

DIVISIONOFTHEQUESTION。IFaquestioncontainmorepartsthanone，itmaybedividedintotwoormorequestions。Mem。inHakew。

29。Butnotastherightofanindividualmember，butwiththeconsentoftheHouse。Forwhoistodecidewhetheraquestioniscomplicatedornot？whereitiscomplicated？intohowmanypropositionsitmaybedivided？

Thefactis，thattheonlymodeofseparatingacomplicatedquestionis，bymovingamendmentstoit；andthesemustbedecidedbytheHouseonaquestion，unlesstheHouseordersittobedivided:asonthequestionDecember2，1640，makingvoidtheelectionoftheknightsforWorcester，onamotion，itwasresolved，tomaketwoquestionsofit，towit，oneoneachknight。2Hats。85，86。Sowhereverthereareseveralnamesinaquestion，theymaybedividedandputonebyone。9Grey444。

So1729，April17，onanobjectionthataquestionwascomplicatd，itwasseparatedbyamendment。2Hats。79，5。

Thesoundnessoftheseobservationswillbeevidentfromtheembarrassmentsproducedbythe10thruleoftheSenate，whichsays，\"ifthequestionindebatecontainseveralpoints，anymembermayhavethesamedivided。”

1798，May30，theAlienBillinquasi-committee。Toasectionandprovisointheoriginal，hadbeenaddedtwonewprovisoesbywayofamendment。

Onamotiontostrikeoutthesectionasamended，thequestionwasdesiredtobedivided。Todothis，itmustbeputfirstonstrikingouteithertheformerproviso，orsomedistinctmemberofthesection。Butwhennothingremainsbutthelastmemberofthesection，andtheprovisoes，theycannotbedividedsoastoputthelastmembertoquestionbyitself；fortheprovisoesmightthusbeleftstandingalone，asexceptionstoarule，whentheruleistakenaway；orthenewprovisoesmightbelefttoasecondquestion，afterhavingbeendecidedononcebeforeatthesamereading；

whichiscontrarytorule。Butthequestionmustbeonstrikingoutthelastmemberofthesectionasamended。Thissweepsawaytheexceptionswiththerule，andrelievesfrominconsistence。Aquestiontobedivisible，mustcomprehendpointssodistinctandentire，thatoneofthembeingtakenaway，theothermaystandentire。Butaprovisoorexception，withoutanenactingclause，doesnotcontainanentirepointorproposition。

May31。ThesamebillbeingbeforetheSenate……Therewasaprovisothatthebillshouldnotextend，1。Toanyforeignminister；nor，2。toanpersontowhomthePresidentshouldgiveapassport；nor，3。toanyalienmerchantconforminghimselftosuchregulationsasthePresidentshallprescribe，andadivisionofthequestionintoitssimplestelements，wascalledfor。Itwasdividedintofourparts，the4thtakinginthewords\"conforminghimself，&；c。”Itwasobjectedthatthewords\"anyalienmerchant，\"couldnotbeseparatedfromtheirmodifyingwords\"conforming，&；c。”becausethesewords，ifleftbythemselves，containnosubstantiveidea，willmakenosense。Butadmittingthatthedivisionsofaparagraphintoseparatequestionsmustbesomadeasthateachpartmaystandbyitself，yet，theHousehaving，onthequestion，retainedthetwofirstdivisions，thewords\"anyalienmerchant\"maybestruckout，andtheirmodifyingwordswillthenattachthemselvestotheprecedingdescriptionofpersons，andbecomeamodificationofthatdescription。

Whenaquestionisdivided，afterthequestiononthe1stmember，the2disopentodebateandamendment:becauseitisaknownrule，thatapersonmayriseandspeakatanytimebeforethequestionhasbeencompletelydecided，byputtingthenegative，aswellasaffirmativeside。Butthequestionisnotcompletelyput，whenthevotehasbeentakenonthefirstmemberonly。Onehalfofthequestion，bothaffirmativeandnegative，remainsstilltobeput。SeeExecut。Journ。June25，1795。ThesamedecisionbyPresidentAdams。SEC。XXXVII。

CO-EXISTINGQUESTIONS。ITmaybeasked，whethertheHousecanbeinpossessionoftwomotionsorpropositionsatthesametime？

Sothat，oneofthembeingdecided，theothergoestoquestionwithoutbeingmovedanew？Theanswermustbespecial。Whenaquestionisinterruptedbyavoteofadjournment，itistherebyremovedfrombeforetheHouse，anddoesnotstandipsofactobeforethemattheirnextmeeting:butmustcomeforwardintheusualway。So，whenitisinterruptedbytheorderoftheday。Suchotherprivilegedquestionsalsoasdisposeofthemainquestion(e。g。thepreviousquestion，postponementorcommitment，)removeitfrombeforetheHouse。Butitisonlysuspendedbyamotiontoamend，towithdraw，toreadpapers，or，byaquestionoforderorprivilege，andstandsagainbeforetheHousewhenthesearedecided。Nonebuttheclassofprivilegedquestionscanbebroughtforward，whilethereisanotherquestionbeforetheHouse，therulebeingthatwhenamotionhasbeenmadeandseconded，noothercanbereceived，exceptitbeaprivilegedone。SEC。XXXVIII。

EQUIVALENTQUESTIONS。IF，onaquestionforrejection，abillberetained，itpassesofcoursetoitsnextreading。Hakew。141。Scob。42。Andaquestionforasecondreading，determinednegatively，isarejectionwithoutfartherquestion。4Grey149。AndseeElsynge\'sMemor。42。inwhatcasesquestionsaretobetakenforrejection。