第1章

IThasbeenthoughtthatalltheworkspublishedunderthenamesofCurrer,Ellis,andActonBellwere,inreality,theproductionofoneperson。ThismistakeIendeavouredtorectifybyafewwordsofdisclaimerprefixedtothethirdeditionof\'JaneEyre。\'These,too,itappears,failedtogaingeneralcredence,andnow,ontheoccasionofareprintof\'WutheringHeights\'and\'AgnesGrey,\'Iamadviseddistinctlytostatehowthecasereallystands。

Indeed,Ifeelmyselfthatitistimetheobscurityattendingthosetwonames-EllisandActon-wasdoneaway。Thelittlemystery,whichformerlyyieldedsomeharmlesspleasure,haslostitsinterest;circumstancesarechanged。Itbecomes,then,mydutytoexplainbrieflytheoriginandauthorshipofthebookswrittenbyCurrer,Ellis,andActonBell。

Aboutfiveyearsago,mytwosistersandmyself,afterasomewhatprolongedperiodofseparation,foundourselvesreunited,andathome。Residentinaremotedistrict,whereeducationhadmadelittleprogress,andwhere,consequently,therewasnoinducementtoseeksocialintercoursebeyondourowndomesticcircle,wewerewhollydependentonourselvesandeachother,onbooksandstudy,fortheenjoymentsandoccupationsoflife。Thehigheststimulus,aswellastheliveliestpleasurewehadknownfromchildhoodupwards,layinattemptsatliterarycomposition;formerlyweusedtoshoweachotherwhatwewrote,butoflateyearsthishabitofcommunicationandconsultationhadbeendiscontinued;henceitensued,thatweweremutuallyignorantoftheprogresswemightrespectivelyhavemade。

Oneday,intheautumnof1845,IaccidentallylightedonaMS。

volumeofverseinmysisterEmily\'shandwriting。Ofcourse,Iwasnotsurprised,knowingthatshecouldanddidwriteverse:I

lookeditover,andsomethingmorethansurpriseseizedme-adeepconvictionthatthesewerenotcommoneffusions,noratalllikethepoetrywomengenerallywrite。Ithoughtthemcondensedandterse,vigorousandgenuine。Tomyeartheyhadalsoapeculiarmusic-wild,melancholy,andelevating。

MysisterEmilywasnotapersonofdemonstrativecharacter,noroneontherecessesofwhosemindandfeelingseventhosenearestanddearesttohercould,withimpunity,intrudeunlicensed;ittookhourstoreconcilehertothediscoveryIhadmade,anddaystopersuadeherthatsuchpoemsmeritedpublication。Iknew,however,thatamindlikeherscouldnotbewithoutsomelatentsparkofhonourableambition,andrefusedtobediscouragedinmyattemptstofanthatsparktoflame。

Meantime,myyoungersisterquietlyproducedsomeofherowncompositions,intimatingthat,sinceEmily\'shadgivenmepleasure,Imightliketolookathers。Icouldnotbutbeapartialjudge,yetIthoughtthattheseverses,too,hadasweet,sincerepathosoftheirown。

Wehadveryearlycherishedthedreamofonedaybecomingauthors。

Thisdream,neverrelinquishedevenwhendistancedividedandabsorbingtasksoccupiedus,nowsuddenlyacquiredstrengthandconsistency:ittookthecharacterofaresolve。Weagreedtoarrangeasmallselectionofourpoems,and,ifpossible,togetthemprinted。Aversetopersonalpublicity,weveiledourownnamesunderthoseofCurrer,Ellis,andActonBell;theambiguouschoicebeingdictatedbyasortofconscientiousscrupleatassumingChristiannamespositivelymasculine,whilewedidnotliketodeclareourselveswomen,because-withoutatthattimesuspectingthatourmodeofwritingandthinkingwasnotwhatiscalled\'feminine\'-wehadavagueimpressionthatauthoressesareliabletobelookedonwithprejudice;wehadnoticedhowcriticssometimesusefortheirchastisementtheweaponofpersonality,andfortheirreward,aflattery,whichisnottruepraise。

Thebringingoutofourlittlebookwashardwork。Aswastobeexpected,neitherwenorourpoemswereatallwanted;butforthiswehadbeenpreparedattheoutset;thoughinexperiencedourselves,wehadreadtheexperienceofothers。Thegreatpuzzlelayinthedifficultyofgettinganswersofanykindfromthepublisherstowhomweapplied。Beinggreatlyharassedbythisobstacle,I

venturedtoapplytotheMessrs。Chambers,ofEdinburgh,forawordofadvice;THEYmayhaveforgottenthecircumstance,butIhavenot,forfromthemIreceivedabriefandbusiness-like,butcivilandsensiblereply,onwhichweacted,andatlastmadeaway。

Thebookwasprinted:itisscarcelyknown,andallofitthatmeritstobeknownarethepoemsofEllisBell。ThefixedconvictionIheld,andhold,oftheworthofthesepoemshasnotindeedreceivedtheconfirmationofmuchfavourablecriticism;butImustretainitnotwithstanding。

Ill-successfailedtocrushus:themereefforttosucceedhadgivenawonderfulzesttoexistence;itmustbepursued。Weeachsettoworkonaprosetale:EllisBellproduced\'WutheringHeights,\'ActonBell\'AgnesGrey,\'andCurrerBellalsowroteanarrativeinonevolume。TheseMSS。wereperseveringlyobtrudeduponvariouspublishersforthespaceofayearandahalf;

usually,theirfatewasanignominiousandabruptdismissal。

Atlast\'WutheringHeights\'and\'AgnesGrey\'wereacceptedontermssomewhatimpoverishingtothetwoauthors;CurrerBell\'sbookfoundacceptancenowhere,noranyacknowledgmentofmerit,sothatsomethinglikethechillofdespairbegantoinvadeherheart。Asaforlornhope,shetriedonepublishinghousemore-Messrs。

Smith,ElderandCo。Erelong,inamuchshorterspacethanthatonwhichexperiencehadtaughthertocalculate-therecamealetter,whichsheopenedinthedrearyexpectationoffindingtwohard,hopelesslines,intimatingthatMessrs。Smith,ElderandCo。

\'werenotdisposedtopublishtheMS。,\'and,instead,shetookoutoftheenvelopealetteroftwopages。Shereadittrembling。Itdeclined,indeed,topublishthattale,forbusinessreasons,butitdiscusseditsmeritsanddemeritssocourteously,soconsiderately,inaspiritsorational,withadiscriminationsoenlightened,thatthisveryrefusalcheeredtheauthorbetterthanavulgarlyexpressedacceptancewouldhavedone。Itwasadded,thataworkinthreevolumeswouldmeetwithcarefulattention。

Iwasthenjustcompleting\'JaneEyre,\'atwhichIhadbeenworkingwhiletheone-volumetalewasploddingitswearyroundinLondon:

inthreeweeksIsentitoff;friendlyandskilfulhandstookitin。ThiswasinthecommencementofSeptember,1847;itcameoutbeforethecloseofOctoberfollowing,while\'WutheringHeights\'

and\'AgnesGrey,\'mysisters\'works,whichhadalreadybeeninthepressformonths,stilllingeredunderadifferentmanagement。

Theyappearedatlast。Criticsfailedtodothemjustice。Theimmaturebutveryrealpowersrevealedin\'WutheringHeights\'werescarcelyrecognised;itsimportandnatureweremisunderstood;theidentityofitsauthorwasmisrepresented;itwassaidthatthiswasanearlierandruderattemptofthesamepenwhichhadproduced\'JaneEyre。\'Unjustandgrievouserror!Welaughedatitatfirst,butIdeeplylamentitnow。Hence,Ifear,aroseaprejudiceagainstthebook。Thatwriterwhocouldattempttopalmoffaninferiorandimmatureproductionundercoverofonesuccessfuleffort,mustindeedbeundulyeagerafterthesecondaryandsordidresultofauthorship,andpitiablyindifferenttoitstrueandhonourablemeed。Ifreviewersandthepublictrulybelievedthis,nowonderthattheylookeddarklyonthecheat。