第11章

True。

Andistherenotalsoatimeatwhichitassumesbeingandrelinquishesbeing—forhowcanithaveandnothavethesamethingunlessitreceivesandalsogivesitupat;sometime?

Impossible。

Andtheassumingofbeingiswhatyouwouldcallbecoming?

Ishould。

Andtherelinquishingofbeingyouwouldcalldestruction?

Ishould。

Theonethen,aswouldappear,becomesandisdestroyedbytakingandgivingupbeing。

Certainly。

Andbeingoneandmanyandinprocessofbecomingandbeingdestroyed,whenitbecomesoneitceasestobemany,andwhenmany,itceasestobeone?

Certainly。

Andasitbecomesoneandmany,mustitnotinevitablyexperienceseparationandaggregation?

Inevitably。

Andwheneveritbecomeslikeandunlikeitmustbeassimilatedanddissimilated?

Yes。

Andwhenitbecomesgreaterorlessorequalitmustgrowordiminishorbeequalized?

True。

Andwhenbeinginmotionitrests,andwhenbeingatrestitchangestomotion,itcansurelybeinnotimeatall?

Howcanit?

Butthatathingwhichispreviouslyatrestshouldbeafterwardsinmotion,orpreviouslyinmotionandafterwardsatrest,withoutexperiencingchange,isimpossible。

Impossible。

Andsurelytherecannotbeatimeinwhichathingcanbeatonceneitherinmotionnoratrest?

Therecannot。

Butneithercanitchangewithoutchanging。

True。

Whenthendoesitchange;foritcannotchangeeitherwhenatrest,orwheninmotion,orwhenintime?

Itcannot。

Anddoesthisstrangethinginwhichitisatthetimeofchangingreallyexist?

Whatthing?

Themoment。Forthemomentseemstoimplyasomethingoutofwhichchangetakesplaceintoeitheroftwostates;forthechangeisnotfromthestateofrestassuch,nor,fromthestateofmotionassuch;

butthereisthiscuriousnature,whichwecallthemomentlyingbetweenrestandmotion,notbeinginanytime;andintothisandoutofthiswhatisinmotionchangesintorest,andwhatisatrestintomotion。

Soitappears。

Andtheonethen,sinceitisatrestandalsoinmotion,willchangetoeither,foronlyinthiswaycanitbeinboth。Andinchangingitchangesinamoment,andwhenitischangingitwillbeinnotime,andwillnotthenbeeitherinmotionoratrest。

Itwillnot。

Anditwillbeinthesamecaseinrelationtotheotherchanges,whenitpassesfrombeingintocessationofbeing,orfromnot—beingintobecoming—thenitpassesbetweencertainstatesofmotionandrest,and,neitherisnorisnot,norbecomesnorisdestroyed。

Verytrue。

Andonthesameprinciple,inthepassagefromonetomanyandfrommanytoone,theoneisneitheronenormany,neitherseparatednoraggregated;andinthepassagefromliketounlike,andfromunliketolike,itisneitherlikenorunlike,neitherinastateofassimilationnorofdissimilation;andinthepassagefromsmalltogreatandequalandbackagain,itwillbeneithersmallnorgreat,norequal,norinastateofincrease,ordiminution,orequalization。

True。

Allthese,then,aretheaffectionsoftheone,iftheonehasbeing。

Ofcourse。

Butifoneis,whatwillhappentotheothers—isnotthatalsotobeconsidered?

Yes。

Letusshowthen,ifoneis,whatwillbetheaffectionsoftheothersthantheone。

Letusdoso。

Inasmuchastherearethingsotherthantheone,theothersarenottheone;foriftheyweretheycouldnotbeotherthantheone。

Verytrue。

Verytrue。

Noraretheothersaltogetherwithouttheone,butinacertainwaytheyparticipateintheone。

Inwhatway?

Becausetheothersareotherthantheoneinasmuchastheyhaveparts;foriftheyhadnopartstheywouldbesimplyone。

Right。

Andparts,asweaffirm,haverelationtoawhole?

Sowesay。

Andawholemustnecessarilybeonemadeupofmany;andthepartswillbepartsoftheone,foreachofthepartsisnotapartofmany,butofawhole。

Howdoyoumean?

Ifanythingwereapartofmany,beingitselfoneofthem,itwillsurelybeapartofitself,whichisimpossible,anditwillbeapartofeachoneoftheotherparts,ifofall;forifnotapartofsomeone,itwillbeapartofalltheothersbutthisone,andthuswillnotbeapartofeachone;andifnotapartofeach,oneitwillnotbeapartofanyoneofthemany;andnotbeingapartofanyone,itcannotbeapartoranythingelseofallthosethingsofnoneofwhichitisanything。

Clearlynot。

Thenthepartisnotapartofthemany,norofall,butisofacertainsingleform,whichwecallawhole,beingoneperfectunityframedoutofall—ofthisthepartwillbeapart。

Certainly。

If,then,theothershaveparts,theywillparticipateinthewholeandintheone。

True。

Thentheothersthantheonemustbeoneperfectwhole,havingparts。

Certainly。

Andthesameargumentholdsofeachpart,forthepartmustparticipateintheone;forifeachofthepartsisapart,thismeans,Isuppose,thatitisoneseparatefromtherestandself—related;otherwiseitisnoteach。

True。

Butwhenwespeakofthepartparticipatingintheone,itmustclearlybeotherthanone;forifnot,itwouldmerelyhaveparticipated,butwouldhavebeenone;whereasonlytheitselfcanbeone。

Verytrue。

Boththewholeandthepartmustparticipateintheone;forthewholewillbeonewhole,ofwhichthepartswillbeparts;andeachpartwillbeonepartofthewholewhichisthewholeofthepart。

True。

Andwillnotthethingswhichparticipateintheone,beotherthanit?

Ofcourse。

Andthethingswhichareotherthantheonewillbemany;forifthethingswhichareotherthantheonewereneitheronenormorethanone,theywouldbenothing。

True。

But,seeingthatthethingswhichparticipateintheoneasapart,andintheoneasawhole,aremorethanone,mustnotthoseverythingswhichparticipateintheonebeinfiniteinnumber?

Howso?

Letuslookatthematterthus:—Isitnotafactthatinpartakingoftheonetheyarenotone,anddonotpartakeoftheoneattheverytime。whentheyarepartakingofit?

Clearly。

Theydosothenasmultitudesinwhichtheoneisnotpresent?

Verytrue。

Andifweweretoabstractfromtheminideatheverysmallestfraction,mustnotthatleastfraction,ifitdoesnotpartakeoftheone,beamultitudeandnotone?

Itmust。

Andifwecontinuetolookattheothersideoftheirnature,regardedsimply,andinitself,willnotthey,asfarasweseethem,beunlimitedinnumber?

Certainly。

Andyet,wheneachseveralpartbecomesapart,thenthepartshavealimitinrelationtothewholeandtoeachother,andthewholeinrelationtotheparts。

Justso。

Theresulttotheothersthantheoneisthatofthemselvesandtheoneappearstocreateanewelementinthemwhichgivestothemlimitationinrelationtooneanother;whereasintheirownnaturetheyhavenolimit。

Thatisclear。

Thentheothersthantheone,bothaswholeandparts,areinfinite,andalsopartakeoflimit。

Certainly。

Thentheyarebothlikeandunlikeoneanotherandthemselves。

Howisthat?

Inasmuchastheyareunlimitedintheirownnature,theyareallaffectedinthesameway。

True。

Andinasmuchastheyallpartakeoflimit,theyareallaffectedinthesameway。

Ofcourse。

Butinasmuchastheirstateisbothlimitedandunlimited,theyareaffectedinoppositeways。

Yes。

Andoppositesarethemostunlikeofthings。

Certainly。

Considered,then,inregardtoeitheroneoftheiraffections,theywillbelikethemselvesandoneanother;consideredinreferencetobothofthemtogether,mostopposedandmostunlike。

Thatappearstobetrue。

Thentheothersarebothlikeandunlikethemselvesandoneanother?

True。

Andtheyarethesameandalsodifferentfromoneanother,andinmotionandatrest,andexperienceeverysortofoppositeaffection,asmaybeprovedwithoutdifficultyofthem,sincetheyhavebeenshowntohaveexperiencedtheaffectionsaforesaid?

True。

Suppose,now,thatweleavethefurtherdiscussionofthesemattersasevident,andconsideragainuponthehypothesisthattheoneis,whetheroppositeofallthisisorisnotequallytrueoftheothers。

Byallmeans。

Thenletusbeginagain,andask,Ifoneis,whatmustbetheaffectionsoftheothers?

Letusaskthatquestion。

Mustnottheonebedistinctfromtheothers,andtheothersfromtheone?

Whyso?

Why,becausethereisnothingelsebesidethemwhichisdistinctfrombothofthem;fortheexpression\"oneandtheothers\"includesallthings。