第6章

tenancesomeextraordinarily，istomaketheminsolent，andtherestdiscontent;becausetheymayclaimadue.Butcontrariwise，infavor，tousemenwithmuchdifferenceandelectionisgood;foritmakeththepersonspreferredmorethankful，andtherestmoreofficious：becauseallisoffavor.Itisgooddiscretion，nottomaketoomuchofanymanatthefirst;becauseonecannotholdoutthatproportion.Tobegoverned（aswecallit）

byoneisnotsafe;foritshowssoftness，andgivesafreedom，toscandalanddisreputation;forthose，thatwouldnotcensureorspeakillofamanimme—

diately，willtalkmoreboldlyofthosethataresogreatwiththem，andtherebywoundtheirhonor.

Yettobedistractedwithmanyisworse;foritmakesmentobeofthelastimpression，andfullofchange.Totakeadviceofsomefewfriends，iseverhonorable;forlookers—onmanytimesseemorethangamesters;andthevalebestdiscovereththehill.Thereislittlefriendshipintheworld，andleastofallbetweenequals，whichwaswonttobemag—

nified.Thatthatis，isbetweensuperiorandin—

ferior，whosefortunesmaycomprehendtheonetheother.

OfSuitorsOfSuitorsMANYillmattersandprojectsareunder—

taken;andprivatesuitsdoputrefythepub—

licgood.Manygoodmatters，areundertakenwithbadminds;Imeannotonlycorruptminds，butcraftyminds，thatintendnotperformance.Someembracesuits，whichnevermeantodealeffectu—

allyinthem;butiftheyseetheremaybelifeinthematter，bysomeothermean，theywillbecon—

tenttowinathank，ortakeasecondreward，oratleasttomakeuse，inthemeantime，ofthesuitor’shopes.Sometakeholdofsuits，onlyforanocca—

siontocrosssomeother;ortomakeaninforma—

tion，whereoftheycouldnototherwisehaveaptpretext;withoutcarewhatbecomeofthesuit，whenthatturnisserved;or，generally，tomakeothermen’sbusinessakindofentertainment，tobringintheirown.Nay，someundertakesuits，withafullpurposetoletthemfall;totheendtogratifytheadverseparty，orcompetitor.Surelythereisinsomesortarightineverysuit;eitherarightofequity，ifitbeasuitofcontroversy;orarightofdesert，ifitbeasuitofpetition.Ifaffectionleadamantofavorthewrongsideinjustice，lethimratherusehiscountenancetocompoundthematter，thantocarryit.Ifaffectionleadamantofavorthelessworthyindesert，lethimdoit，withoutdepravingordisablingthebetterdeserver.

Insuitswhichamandothnotwellunderstand，itisgoodtoreferthemtosomefriendoftrustandjudgment，thatmayreport，whetherhemaydealinthemwithhonor：butlethimchoosewellhisreferendaries，forelsehemaybeledbythenose.

Suitorsaresodistastedwithdelaysandabuses，thatplaindealing，indenyingtodealinsuitsatfirst，andreportingthesuccessbarely，andinchal—

lengingnomorethanksthanonehathdeserved，isgrownnotonlyhonorable，butalsogracious.Insuitsoffavor，thefirstcomingoughttotakelittleplace：sofarforth，considerationmaybehadofhistrust，thatifintelligenceofthemattercouldnototherwisehavebeenhad，butbyhim，advan—

tagebenottakenofthenote，butthepartylefttohisothermeans;andinsomesortrecompensed，forhisdiscovery.Tobeignorantofthevalueofasuit，issimplicity;aswellastobeignorantoftherightthereof，iswantofconscience.Secrecyinsuits，isagreatmeanofobtaining;forvoicingthemtobeinforwardness，maydiscouragesomekindofsuitors，butdothquickenandawakeothers.

Buttimingofthesuitistheprincipal.Timing，I

say，notonlyinrespectofthepersonthatshouldgrantit，butinrespectofthose，whichareliketocrossit.Letaman，inthechoiceofhismean，ratherchoosethefittestmean，thanthegreatestmean;

andratherthemthatdealincertainthings，thanthosethataregeneral.Thereparationofadenial，issometimesequaltothefirstgrant;ifamanshowhimselfneitherdejectednordiscontented.

Iniquumpetasutaequumferasisagoodrule，whereamanhathstrengthoffavor：butother—

wise，amanwerebetterriseinhissuit;forhe，thatwouldhaveventuredatfirsttohavelostthesuitor，willnotintheconclusionloseboththesuitor，andhisownformerfavor.Nothingisthoughtsoeasyarequesttoagreatperson，ashisletter;andyet，ifitbenotinagoodcause，itissomuchoutofhisreputation.Therearenoworseinstruments，thanthesegeneralcontriversofsuits;

fortheyarebutakindofpoison，andinfection，topublicproceedings.

OfStudiesOfStudiesSTUDIESservefordelight，forornament，andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight，isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament，isindis—

course;andforability，isinthejudgment，anddispositionofbusiness.Forexpertmencanexe—

cute，andperhapsjudgeofparticulars，onebyone;

butthegeneralcounsels，andtheplotsandmar—

shallingofaffairs，comebest，fromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;

tousethemtoomuchforornament，isaffectation;

tomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrules，isthehumorofascholar.Theyperfectnature，andareperfectedbyexperience：fornaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants，thatneedproyning，bystudy;

andstudiesthemselves，dogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge，excepttheybeboundedinbyex—

perience.Craftymencontemnstudies，simplemenadmirethem，andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatisawisdomwith—

outthem，andabovethem，wonbyobservation.

Readnottocontradictandconfute;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddis—

course;buttoweighandconsider.Somebooksaretobetasted，otherstobeswallowed，andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis，somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead，butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly，andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy，andextractsmadeofthembyothers;butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimpor—

tantarguments，andthemeanersortofbooks，elsedistilledbooksarelikecommondistilledwaters，flashythings.Readingmakethafullman;confer—

enceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore，ifamanwritelittle，hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle，hehadneedhaveapresentwit：andifhereadlittle，hehadneedhavemuchcunning，toseemtoknow，thathedothnot.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;

themathematicssubtile;naturalphilosophydeep;

moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.

Abeuntstudiainmores.Nay，thereisnostondorimpedimentinthewit，butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies;likeasdiseasesofthebody，mayhaveappropriateexercises.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins;shootingforthelungsandbreast;gentlewalkingforthestomach;ridingforthehead;andthelike.Soifaman’switbewan—

dering，lethimstudythemathematics;forindemonstrations，ifhiswitbecalledawayneversolittle，hemustbeginagain.Ifhiswitbenotapttodistinguishorfinddifferences，lethimstudytheSchoolmen;fortheyarecyminisectores.Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatters，andtocalluponethingtoproveandillustrateanother，lethimstudy197

thelawyers’cases.Soeverydefectofthemind，mayhaveaspecialreceipt.

OfFactionOfFactionMANYhaveanopinionnotwise，thatforaprincetogovernhisestate，orforagreatpersontogovernhisproceedings，accordingtotherespectoffactions，isaprincipalpartofpolicy;

whereascontrariwise，thechiefestwisdom，iseitherinorderingthosethingswhicharegeneral，andwhereinmenofseveralfactionsdoneverthe—

lessagree;orindealingwithcorrespondencetoparticularpersons，onebyone.ButIsaynotthattheconsiderationsoffactions，istobeneglected.

Meanmen，intheirrising，mustadhere;butgreatmen，thathavestrengthinthemselves，werebettertomaintainthemselvesindifferent，andneutral.Yeteveninbeginners，toadheresomoder—

ately，ashebeamanoftheonefaction，whichismostpassablewiththeother，commonlygivethbestway.Thelowerandweakerfaction，isthefirmerinconjunction;anditisoftenseen，thatafewthatarestiff，dotireoutagreaternumber，thataremoremoderate.Whenoneofthefactionsisex—

tinguished，theremainingsubdivideth;asthefactionbetweenLucullus，andtherestofthenoblesofthesenate（whichtheycalledOptimates）

heldoutawhile，againstthefactionofPompeyandCaesar;butwhenthesenate’sauthoritywaspulleddown，CaesarandPompeysoonafterbrake.

ThefactionorpartyofAntoniusandOctavianusCaesar，againstBrutusandCassius，heldoutlike—

wiseforatime;butwhenBrutusandCassiuswereoverthrown，thensoonafter，AntoniusandOcta—

vianusbrakeandsubdivided.Theseexamplesareofwars，butthesameholdethinprivatefactions.

Andtherefore，thosethataresecondsinfactions，domanytimes，whenthefactionsubdivideth，proveprincipals;butmanytimesalso，theyproveciphersandcashiered;formanyaman’sstrengthisinopposition;andwhenthatfaileth，hegrowethoutofuse.Itiscommonlyseen，thatmen，onceplaced，takeinwiththecontraryfaction，tothatbywhichtheyenter：thinkingbelike，thattheyhavethefirstsure，andnowarereadyforanewpurchase.Thetraitorinfaction，lightlygoethawaywithit;forwhenmattershavestucklonginbalancing，thewinningofsomeonemancasteththem，andhegettethallthethanks.Theevencar—

riagebetweentwofactions，proceedethnotalwaysofmoderation，butofatruenesstoaman’sself，withendtomakeuseofboth.CertainlyinItaly，theyholditalittlesuspectinpopes，whentheyhaveoftenintheirmouthPadrecommune：andtakeittobeasignofone，thatmeanethtoreferalltothegreatnessofhisownhouse.Kingshadneedbeware，howtheysidethemselves，andmakethemselvesasofafactionorparty;forleagueswithinthestate，areeverpernicioustomonarchies：

fortheyraiseanobligation，paramounttoobliga—

tionofsovereignty，andmakethekingtanquamunusexnobis;aswastobeseenintheLeagueofFrance.Whenfactionsarecarriedtoohighandtooviolently，itisasignofweaknessinprinces;andmuchtotheprejudice，bothoftheirauthorityandbusiness.Themotionsoffactionsunderkingsoughttobe，likethemotions（astheastronomersspeak）oftheinferiororbs，whichmayhavetheirpropermotions，butyetstillarequietlycarried，bythehighermotionofprimummobile.

OfCeremonies，ANDRESPECTS

OfCeremonies，ANDRESPECTS

HETHATisonlyreal，hadneedhaveexceed—

inggreatpartsofvirtue;asthestonehadneedtoberich，thatissetwithoutfoil.Butifamanmarkitwell，itis，inpraiseandcommenda—

tionofmen，asitisingettingsandgains：fortheproverbistrue，Thatlightgainsmakeheavypurses;forlightgainscomethick，whereasgreat，comebutnowandthen.Soitistrue，thatsmallmatterswingreatcommendation，becausetheyarecontinuallyinuseandinnote：whereastheoccasionofanygreatvirtue，comethbutonfesti—

vals.Thereforeitdothmuchaddtoaman’sreputa—

tion，andis（asQueenIsabellasaid）likeperpetualletterscommendatory，tohavegoodforms.Toat—

tainthem，italmostsufficethnottodespisethem;

forsoshallamanobservetheminothers;andlethimtrusthimselfwiththerest.Forifhelabortoomuchtoexpressthem，heshalllosetheirgrace;

whichistobenaturalandunaffected.Somemen’sbehaviorislikeaverse，whereineverysyllableismeasured;howcanamancomprehendgreatmat—

ters，thatbreakethhismindtoomuch，tosmallobservations？Nottouseceremoniesatall，istoteachothersnottousethemagain;andsodimin—

ishethrespecttohimself;especiallytheybenottobeomitted，tostrangersandformalnatures;butthedwellinguponthem，andexaltingthemabovethemoon，isnotonlytedious，butdothdiminishthefaithandcreditofhimthatspeaks.Andcer—

tainly，thereisakindofconveying，ofeffectualandimprintingpassagesamongstcompliments，whichisofsingularuse，ifamancanhituponit.

Amongstaman’speers，amanshallbesureoffamiliarity;andthereforeitisgood，alittletokeepstate.Amongstaman’sinferiorsoneshallbesureofreverence;andthereforeitisgood，alittletobefamiliar.Hethatistoomuchinanything，sothathegivethanotheroccasionofsatiety，makethhim—

selfcheap.Toapplyone’sselftoothers，isgood;soitbewithdemonstration，thatamandothituponregard，andnotuponfacility.Itisagoodpreceptgenerally，insecondinganother，yettoaddsome—

whatofone’sown：asifyouwillgranthisopinion，letitbewithsomedistinction;ifyouwillfollowhismotion，letitbewithcondition;ifyouallowhiscounsel，letitbewithallegingfurtherreason.

Menhadneedbeware，howtheybetooperfectincompliments;forbetheyneversosufficientother—

wise，theirenvierswillbesuretogivethemthatattribute，tothedisadvantageoftheirgreatervir—

tues.Itislossalsoinbusiness，tobetoofullofre—

spects，ortobecurious，inobservingtimesandopportunities.Solomonsaith，Hethatconsidereththewind，shallnotsow，andhethatlookethtotheclouds，shallnotreap.Awisemanwillmakemoreopportunities，thanhefinds.Men’sbehaviorshouldbe，liketheirapparel，nottoostraitorpointdevice，butfreeforexerciseormotion.

OfPraiseOfPraisePRAISEisthereflectionofvirtue;butitisastheglassorbody，whichgiveththereflec—

tion.Ifitbefromthecommonpeople，itiscom—

monlyfalseandnaught;andratherfollowethvainpersons，thanvirtuous.Forthecommonpeopleunderstandnotmanyexcellentvirtues.Thelowestvirtuesdrawpraisefromthem;themiddlevirtuesworkinthemastonishmentoradmiration;butofthehighestvirtues，theyhavenosenseofperceiv—

ingatall.Butshows，andspeciesvirtutibussimiles，servebestwiththem.Certainlyfameislikeariver，thatbearethupthingslightandswoln，anddrownsthingsweightyandsolid.Butifpersonsofqualityandjudgmentconcur，thenitis（astheScripturesaith）nomenbonuminstarunguentifragrantis.

Itfirethallroundabout，andwillnoteasilyaway.

Fortheodorsofointmentsaremoredurable，thanthoseofflowers.Therebesomanyfalsepointsofpraise，thatamanmayjustlyholditasuspect.

Somepraisesproceedmerelyofflattery;andifhebeanordinaryflatterer，hewillhavecertaincom—

monattributes，whichmayserveeveryman;ifhebeacunningflatterer，hewillfollowthearch—

flatterer，whichisaman’sself;andwhereinamanthinkethbestofhimself，thereintheflattererwillupholdhimmost：butifhebeanimpudentflat—

terer，lookwhereinamanisconscioustohimself，thatheismostdefective，andismostoutofcounte—

nanceinhimself，thatwilltheflattererentitlehimtoperforce，spretaconscientia.Somepraisescomeofgoodwishesandrespects，whichisaformdue，incivility，tokingsandgreatpersons，laudandopraecipere，whenbytellingmenwhattheyare，theyrepresenttothem，whattheyshouldbe.Somemenarepraisedmaliciously，totheirhurt，therebytostirenvyandjealousytowardsthem：pessimumgenusinimicorumlaudantium;insomuchasitwasaproverb，amongsttheGrecians，thathethatwaspraisedtohishurt，shouldhaveapushriseuponhisnose;aswesay，thatablisterwillriseuponone’stongue，thattellsalie.Certainlymod—

eratepraise，usedwithopportunity，andnotvul—

gar，isthatwhichdoththegood.Solomonsaith，Hethatpraisethhisfriendaloud，risingearly，itshallbetohimnobetterthanacurse.Toomuchmagnifyingofmanormatter，dothirritatecon—

tradiction，andprocureenvyandscorn.Topraiseaman’sself，cannotbedecent，exceptitbeinrarecases;buttopraiseaman’sofficeorprofession，hemaydoitwithgoodgrace，andwithakindofmag—

nanimity.ThecardinalsofRome，whicharetheo—

logues，andfriars，andSchoolmen，haveaphraseofnotablecontemptandscorntowardscivilbusi—

ness：fortheycallalltemporalbusinessofwars，embassages，judicature，andotheremployments，sbirrerie，whichisunder—sheriffries;asiftheywerebutmatters，forunder—sheriffsandcatch—

poles：thoughmanytimesthoseunder—sheriffriesdomoregood，thantheirhighspeculations.St.

Paul，whenheboastsofhimself，hedothoftinter—

lace，Ispeaklikeafool;butspeakingofhiscalling，hesaith，magnificaboapostolatummeum.

OfVain—gloryOfVain—gloryITWASprettilydevisedofAEsop，Theflysatupontheaxle—treeofthechariotwheel，andsaid，WhatadustdoIraise！Soaretheresomevainpersons，thatwhatsoevergoethalone，ormovethupongreatermeans，iftheyhaveneversolittlehandinit，theythinkitistheythatcarryit.Theythatareglorious，mustneedsbefactious;forallbraverystandsuponcomparisons.Theymustneedsbeviolent，tomakegoodtheirownvaunts.

Neithercantheybesecret，andthereforenotef—

fectual;butaccordingtotheFrenchproverb，Beaucoupdebruit，peudefruit;Muchbruitlittlefruit.Yetcertainly，thereisuseofthisqualityincivilaffairs.Wherethereisanopinionandfametobecreated，eitherofvirtueorgreatness，thesemenaregoodtrumpeters.Again，asTitusLiviusnoteth，inthecaseofAntiochusandtheAEtolians，Therearesometimesgreateffects，ofcrosslies;asifaman，thatnegotiatesbetweentwoprinces，todrawthemtojoininawaragainstthethird，dothextoltheforcesofeitherofthem，abovemeasure，theonetotheother：andsometimeshethatdealsbe—

tweenmanandman，raisethhisowncreditwithboth，bypretendinggreaterinterestthanhehathineither.Andintheseandthelikekinds，itoftenfallsout，thatsomewhatisproducedofnothing;

forliesaresufficienttobreedopinion，andopinionbringsonsubstance.Inmilitarcommandersandsoldiers，vain—gloryisanessentialpoint;forasironsharpensiron，sobyglory，onecouragesharp—

enethanother.Incasesofgreatenterpriseuponchargeandadventure，acompositionofgloriousnatures，dothputlifeintobusiness;andthosethatareofsolidandsobernatures，havemoreoftheballast，thanofthesail.Infameoflearning，theflightwillbeslowwithoutsomefeathersofosten—

tation.Quidecontemnendaglorialibrosscri—

bunt，nomen，suuminscribunt.Socrates，Aristotle，Galen，weremenfullofostentation.Certainlyvain—gloryhelpethtoperpetuateaman’smemory;

andvirtuewasneversobeholdingtohumanna—

ture，asitreceivedhisdueatthesecondhand.

NeitherhadthefameofCicero，Seneca，PliniusSecundus，borneheragesowell，ifithadnotbeenjoinedwithsomevanityinthemselves;likeuntovarnish，thatmakesceilingsnotonlyshinebutlast.Butallthiswhile，whenIspeakofvain—glory，Imeannotofthatproperty，thatTacitusdothat—

tributetoMucianus;Omniumquaedixeratfece—

ratqueartequadamostentator：forthatproceedsnotofvanity，butofnaturalmagnanimityanddiscretion;andinsomepersons，isnotonlycomely，butgracious.Forexcusations，cessions，modestyitselfwellgoverned，arebutartsofostentation.

Andamongstthosearts，thereisnonebetterthanthatwhichPliniusSecundusspeakethof，whichistobeliberalofpraiseandcommendationtoothers，inthat，whereinaman’sselfhathanyperfection.

ForsaithPliny，verywittily，Incommendinganother，youdoyourselfright;forhethatyoucommend，iseithersuperiortoyouinthatyoucommend，orinferior.Ifhebeinferior，ifhebetobecommended，youmuchmore;ifhebesuperior，ifhebenottobecommended，youmuchless.

Gloriousmenarethescornofwisemen，thead—

mirationoffools，theidolsofparasites，andtheslavesoftheirownvaunts.

OfHonorANDREPUTATION

OfHonorANDREPUTATION

THEwinningofhonor，isbuttherevealingofaman，svirtueandworth，withoutdisadvan—

tage.Forsomeintheiractions，dowooandeffecthonorandreputation，whichsortofmen，arecommonlymuchtalkedof，butinwardlylittleadmired.Andsome，contrariwise，darkentheirvirtueintheshowofit;soastheybeundervaluedinopinion.Ifamanperformthat，whichhathnotbeenattemptedbefore;orattemptedandgivenover;orhathbeenachieved，butnotwithsogoodcircumstance;heshallpurchasemorehonor，thanbyeffectingamatterofgreaterdifficultyorvirtue，whereinheisbutafollower.Ifamansotemperhisactions，asinsomeoneofthemhedothcontenteveryfaction，orcombinationofpeople，themusicwillbethefuller.Amanisanillhusbandofbishonor，thatenterethintoanyaction，thefailingwhereinmaydisgracehim，morethanthecarry—

ingofitthrough，canhonorhim.Honorthatisgainedandbrokenuponanother，haththequick—

estreflection，likediamondscutwithfacets.Andtherefore，letamancontendtoexcelanycompeti—

torsofhisinhonor，inoutshootingthem，ifhecan，intheirownbow.Discreetfollowersandservants，helpmuchtoreputation.Omnisfamaadomesticisemanat.Envy，whichisthecankerofhonor，isbestextinguishedbydeclaringaman’sselfinhisends，rathertoseekmeritthanfame;andbyattributingaman’ssuccesses，rathertodivineProvidenceandfelicity，thantohisownvirtueorpolicy.

Thetruemarshallingofthedegreesofsovereignhonor，arethese：Inthefirstplaceareconditoresimperiorum，foundersofstatesandcommon—

wealths;suchaswereRomulus，Cyrus，Caesar，Ottoman，Ismael.Inthesecondplacearelegis—

latores，lawgivers;whicharealsocalledsecondfounders，orperpetuiprincipes，becausetheygov—

ernbytheirordinancesaftertheyaregone;suchwereLycurgus，Solon，Justinian，Eadgar，Alphon—

susofCastile，theWise，thatmadetheSieteParti—

das.Inthethirdplaceareliberatores，orsalvatores，suchascompoundthelongmiseriesofcivilwars，ordelivertheircountriesfromservitudeofstrangersortyrants;asAugustusCaesar，Vespasi—

anus，Aurelianus，Theodoricus，KingHenrytheSeventhofEngland，KingHenrytheFourthofFrance.Inthefourthplacearepropagatoresorpropugnatoresimperii;suchasinhonorablewarsenlargetheirterritories，ormakenobledefenceagainstinvaders.Andinthelastplacearepatrespatriae;whichreignjustly，andmakethetimesgoodwhereintheylive.Bothwhichlastkindsneednoexamples，theyareinsuchnumber.Degreesofhonor，insubjects，are，firstparticipescurarum，thoseuponwhom，princesdodischargethegreat—

estweightoftheiraffairs;theirrighthands，aswecallthem.Thenextareducesbelli，greatleadersinwar;suchasareprinces’lieutenants，anddothemnotableservicesinthewars.Thethirdaregratiosi，favorites;suchasexceednotthisscant—

ling，tobesolacetothesovereign，andharmlesstothepeople.Andthefourth，negotiispares;suchashavegreatplacesunderprinces，andexecutetheirplaces，withsufficiency.Thereisanhonor，like—

wise，whichmayberankedamongstthegreatest，whichhappenethrarely;thatis，ofsuchassacri—

ficethemselvestodeathordangerforthegoodoftheircountry;aswasM.Regulus，andthetwoDecii.

OfJudicatureOfJudicatureJUDGESoughttoremember，thattheirofficeisjusdicere，andnotjusdare;tointerpretlaw，andnottomakelaw，orgivelaw.Elsewillitbeliketheauthority，claimedbytheChurchofRome，whichunderpretextofexpositionofScripture，dothnotsticktoaddandalter;andtopronouncethatwhichtheydonotfind;andbyshowofan—

tiquity，tointroducenovelty.Judgesoughttobemorelearned，thanwitty，morereverend，thanplausible，andmoreadvised，thanconfident.Aboveallthings，integrityistheirportionandpropervirtue.Cursed（saiththelaw）ishethatremoveththelandmark.Themislayerofamere—stoneistoblame.Butitistheunjustjudge，thatisthecapitalremoveroflandmarks，whenhedefinethamiss，oflandsandproperty.Onefoulsentencedothmorehurt，thanmanyfoulexamples.Forthesedobutcorruptthestream，theothercorrupteththefoun—

tain.SowithSolomon，Fonsturbatus，etvenacorrupta，estjustuscadensincausasuacoramadversario.Theofficeofjudgesmayhavereferenceuntothepartiesthatuse，untotheadvocatesthatplead，untotheclerksandministersofjusticeunderneaththem，andtothesovereignorstateabovethem.

First，forthecausesorpartiesthatsue.Therebe（saiththeScripture）thatturnjudgment，intowormwood;andsurelytherebealso，thatturnitintovinegar;forinjusticemakethitbitter，anddelaysmakeitsour.Theprincipaldutyofajudge，istosuppressforceandfraud;whereofforceisthemorepernicious，whenitisopen，andfraud，whenitiscloseanddisguised.Addtheretocontentioussuits，whichoughttobespewedout，asthesurfeitofcourts.Ajudgeoughttopreparehiswaytoajustsentence，asGodusethtopreparehisway，byraisingvalleysandtakingdownhills：sowhenthereappearethoneithersideanhighhand，vio—

lentprosecution，cunningadvantagestaken，com—

bination，power，greatcounsel，thenisthevirtueofajudgeseen，tomakeinequalityequal;thathemayplanthisjudgmentasuponanevenground.

Quifortiteremungit，elicitsanguinem;andwherethewine—pressishardwrought，ityieldsaharshwine，thattastesofthegrape—stone.Judgesmustbewareofhardconstructions，andstrainedinfer—

ences;forthereisnoworsetorture，thanthetor—

tureoflaws.Speciallyincaseoflawspenal，theyoughttohavecare，thatthatwhichwasmeantforterror，benotturnedintorigor;andthattheybringnotuponthepeople，thatshowerwhereoftheScripturespeaketh，Pluetsupereoslaqueos;

forpenallawspressed，areashowerofsnaresuponthepeople.Thereforeletpenallaws，iftheyhavebeensleepersoflong，oriftheybegrownunfitforthepresenttime，bebywisejudgesconfinedintheexecution：Judicisofficiumest，utres，itatemporarerum，etc.Incausesoflifeanddeath，judgesought（asfarasthelawpermitteth）injusticetoremem—

bermercy;andtocastasevereeyeupontheexample，butamercifuleyeupontheperson.

Secondly，fortheadvocatesandcounselthatplead.Patienceandgravityofhearing，isanessen—

tialpartofjustice;andanoverspeakingjudgeisnowell—tunedcymbal.Itisnogracetoajudge，firsttofindthat，whichhemighthaveheardinduetimefromthebar;ortoshowquicknessofconceit，incuttingoffevidenceorcounseltooshort;ortopreventinformationbyquestions，thoughperti—

nent.Thepartsofajudgeinhearing，arefour：todirecttheevidence;tomoderatelength，repetition，orimpertinencyofspeech;torecapitulate，select，andcollatethematerialpoints，ofthatwhichhathbeensaid;andtogivetheruleorsentence.What—

soeverisabovetheseistoomuch;andproceedetheitherofglory，andwillingnesstospeak，orofim—

patiencetohear，orofshortnessofmemory，orofwantofastaidandequalattention.Itisastrangethingtosee，thattheboldnessofadvocatesshouldprevailwithjudges;whereastheyshouldimitateGod，inwhoseseattheysit;whorepresseththepre—

sumptuous，andgivethgracetothemodest.Butitismorestrange，thatjudgesshouldhavenotedfavorites;whichcannotbutcausemultiplicationoffees，andsuspicionofby—ways.Thereisduefromthejudgetotheadvocate，somecommendationandgracing，wherecausesarewellhandledandfairpleaded;especiallytowardsthesidewhichobtainethnot;forthatupholdsintheclient，thereputationofhiscounsel，andbeatsdowninhimtheconceitofhiscause.Thereislikewiseduetothepublic，acivilreprehensionofadvocates，wherethereappearethcunningcounsel，grossneglect，slightinformation，indiscreetpressing，oranover—

bolddefence.Andletnotthecounselatthebar，chopwiththejudge，norwindhimselfintothehandlingofthecauseanew，afterthejudgehathdeclaredhissentence;but，ontheotherside，letnotthejudgemeetthecausehalfway，norgiveoccasiontotheparty，tosayhiscounselorproofswerenotheard.

Thirdly，forthatthatconcernsclerksandminis—

ters.Theplaceofjusticeisanhallowedplace;andthereforenotonlythebench，butthefoot—place;

andprecinctsandpurprisethereof，oughttobepreservedwithoutscandalandcorruption.Forcertainlygrapes（astheScripturesaith）willnotbegatheredofthornsorthistles;eithercanjusticeyieldherfruitwithsweetness，amongstthebriarsandbramblesofcatchingandpollingclerks，andministers.Theattendanceofcourts，issubjecttofourbadinstruments.First，certainpersonsthataresowersofsuits;whichmakethecourtswell，andthecountrypine.Thesecondsortisofthose，thatengagecourtsinquarrelsofjurisdiction，andarenottrulyamicicuriae，butparasiticuriae，inpuffingacourtupbeyondherbounds，fortheirownscrapsandadvantage.Thethirdsort，isofthosethatmaybeaccountedthelefthandsofcourts;personsthatarefullofnimbleandsinistertricksandshifts，wherebytheyperverttheplainanddirectcoursesofcourts，andbringjusticeintoobliquelinesandlabyrinths.Andthefourth，isthepollerandexacteroffees;whichjustifiesthecom—

monresemblanceofthecourtsofjustice，tothebushwhereunto，whilethesheepfliesfordefenceinweather，heissuretolosepartofhisfleece.Ontheotherside，anancientclerk，skilfulinprece—

dents，waryinproceeding，andunderstandinginthebusinessofthecourt，isanexcellentfingerofacourt;anddothmanytimespointthewaytothejudgehimself.

Fourthly，forthatwhichmayconcernthesov—

ereignandestate.Judgesoughtabovealltore—

membertheconclusionoftheRomanTwelveTables;Saluspopulisupremalex;andtoknowthatlaws，excepttheybeinordertothatend，arebutthingscaptious，andoraclesnotwellinspired.

Thereforeitisanhappythinginastate，whenkingsandstatesdooftenconsultwithjudges;andagain，whenjudgesdooftenconsultwiththekingandstate：theone，whenthereismatteroflaw，intervenientinbusinessofstate;theother，whenthereissomeconsiderationofstate，intervenientinmatteroflaw.Formanytimesthethingsde—

ducedtojudgmentmaybemeumandtuum，whenthereasonandconsequencethereofmaytrenchtopointofestate：Icallmatterofestate，notonlythepartsofsovereignty，butwhatsoeverintroducethanygreatalteration，ordangerousprecedent;orconcernethmanifestlyanygreatportionofpeo—

ple.Andletnomanweaklyconceive，thatjustlawsandtruepolicyhaveanyantipathy;fortheyarelikethespiritsandsinews，thatonemoveswiththeother.Letjudgesalsoremember，thatSolo—

mon’sthronewassupportedbylionsonbothsides：

letthembelions，butyetlionsunderthethrone;

beingcircumspectthattheydonotcheckoropposeanypointsofsovereignty.Letnotjudgesalsobeignorantoftheirownright，astothinkthereisnotlefttothem，asaprincipalpartoftheiroffice，awiseuseandapplicationoflaws.Fortheymayremember，whattheapostlesaithofagreaterlawthantheirs;Nosscimusquialexbonaest，modoquiseautaturlegitime.

OfAngerOfAngerTOSEEKtoextinguishangerutterly，isbutabraveryoftheStoics.Wehavebetteroracles：

Beangry，butsinnot.Letnotthesungodownuponyouranger.Angermustbelimitedandcon—

fined，bothinraceandintime.Wewillfirstspeakhowthenaturalinclinationandhabittobeangry，maybeattemptedandcalmed.Secondly，howtheparticularmotionsofangermayberepressed，oratleastrefrainedfromdoingmischief.Thirdly，howtoraiseanger，orappeaseangerinanother.

Forthefirst;thereisnootherwaybuttomedi—

tate，andruminatewellupontheeffectsofanger，howittroublesman’slife.Andthebesttimetodothis，istolookbackuponanger，whenthefitisthoroughlyover.Senecasaithwell，Thatangerislikeruin，whichbreaksitselfuponthatitfalls.

TheScriptureexhortethustopossessoursoulsinpatience.Whosoeverisoutofpatience，isoutofpossessionofhissoul.Menmustnotturnbees;

animasqueinvulnereponunt.

Angeriscertainlyakindofbaseness;asitap—

pearswellintheweaknessofthosesubjectsinwhomitreigns;children，women，oldfolks，sickfolks.Onlymenmustbeware，thattheycarrytheirangerratherwithscorn，thanwithfear;sothattheymayseemrathertobeabovetheinjury，thanbelowit;whichisathingeasilydone，ifamanwillgivelawtohimselfinit.

Forthesecondpoint;thecausesandmotivesofanger，arechieflythree.First，tobetoosensibleofhurt;fornomanisangry，thatfeelsnothimselfhurt;andthereforetenderanddelicatepersonsmustneedsbeoftangry;theyhavesomanythingstotroublethem，whichmorerobustnatureshavelittlesenseof.Thenextis，theapprehensionandconstructionoftheinjuryoffered，tobe，inthecir—

cumstancesthereof，fullofcontempt：forcontemptisthat，whichputtethanedgeuponanger，asmuchormorethanthehurtitself.Andtherefore，whenmenareingeniousinpickingoutcircumstancesofcontempt，theydokindletheirangermuch.Lastly，opinionofthetouchofaman’sreputation，dothmultiplyandsharpenanger.Whereintheremedyis，thatamanshouldhave，asConsalvowaswonttosay，telamhonoriscrassiorem.Butinallrefrain—

ingsofanger，itisthebestremedytowintime;

andtomakeaman’sselfbelieve，thattheoppor—

tunityofhisrevengeisnotyetcome，butthatheforeseesatimeforit;andsotostillhimselfinthemeantime，andreserveit.

Tocontainangerfrommischief，thoughittakeholdofaman，therebetwothings，whereofyoumusthavespecialcaution.Theone，ofextremebit—

ternessofwords，especiallyiftheybeaculeateandproper;forcummuniamaledictaarenothingsomuch;andagain，thatinangeramanrevealnosecrets;forthat，makeshimnotfitforsociety.Theother，thatyoudonotperemptorilybreakoff，inanybusiness，inafitofanger;buthowsoeveryoushowbitterness，donotactanything，thatisnotrevocable.

Forraisingandappeasingangerinanother;itisdonechieflybychoosingoftimes，whenmenarefrowardestandworstdisposed，toincensethem.Again，bygathering（aswastouchedbefore）

allthatyoucanfindout，toaggravatethecon—

tempt.Andthetworemediesarebythecontraries.

Theformertotakegoodtimes，whenfirsttorelatetoamananangrybusiness;forthefirstimpres—

sionismuch;andtheotheris，tosever，asmuchasmaybe，theconstructionoftheinjuryfromthepointofcontempt;imputingittomisunderstand—

ing，fear，passion，orwhatyouwill.

OfVicissitudeOFTHINGS

OfVicissitudeOFTHINGS

SOLOMONsaith，Thereisnonewthingupontheearth.SothatasPlatohadanimagination，Thatallknowledgewasbutremembrance;soSolomongivethhissentence，Thatallnoveltyisbutoblivion.Wherebyyoumaysee，thattheriverofLetherunnethaswellabovegroundasbelow.

Thereisanabstruseastrologerthatsaith，Ifitwerenotfortwothingsthatareconstant（theoneis，thatthefixedstarseverstandalikedistanceonefromanother，andnevercomenearertogether，norgofurtherasunder;theother，thatthediurnalmotionperpetuallykeepethtime），noindividualwouldlastonemoment.Certainitis，thatthemat—

terisinaperpetualflux，andneveratastay.Thegreatwinding—sheets，thatburyallthingsinob—

livion，aretwo;delugesandearthquakes.Asforconflagrationsandgreatdroughts，theydonotmerelydispeopleanddestroy.Phaeton’scarwentbutaday.Andthethreeyears’droughtinthetimeofElias，wasbutparticular，andleftpeoplealive.

Asforthegreatburningsbylightnings，whichareoftenintheWestIndies，theyarebutnarrow.Butintheothertwodestructions，bydelugeandearth—

quake，itisfurthertobenoted，thattheremnantofpeoplewhichhaptobereserved，arecommonlyignorantandmountainouspeople，thatcangivenoaccountofthetimepast;sothattheoblivionisallone，asifnonehadbeenleft.IfyouconsiderwellofthepeopleoftheWestIndies，itisveryprobablethattheyareanewerorayoungerpeo—

ple，thanthepeopleoftheOldWorld.Anditismuchmorelikely，thatthedestructionthathathheretoforebeenthere，wasnotbyearthquakes（astheEgyptianpriesttoldSolonconcerningtheislandofAtlantis，thatitwasswallowedbyanearthquake），butratherthatitwasdesolatedbyaparticulardeluge.Forearthquakesareseldominthoseparts.Butontheotherside，theyhavesuchpouringrivers，astheriversofAsiaandAfrickandEurope，arebutbrookstothem.TheirAndes，like—

wise，ormountains，arefarhigherthanthosewithus;wherebyitseems，thattheremnantsofgen—

erationofmen，wereinsuchaparticulardelugesaved.AsfortheobservationthatMachiavelhath，thatthejealousyofsects，dothmuchextinguishthememoryofthings;traducingGregorytheGreat，thathedidwhatinhimlay，toextinguishallheathenantiquities;Idonotfindthatthosezealsdoanygreateffects，norlastlong;asitap—

pearedinthesuccessionofSabinian，whodidrevivetheformerantiquities.

Thevicissitudeofmutationsinthesuperiorglobe，arenofitmatterforthispresentargument.

Itmaybe，Plato’sgreatyear，iftheworldshouldlastsolong，wouldhavesomeeffect;notinrenew—

ingthestateoflikeindividuals（forthatisthefumeofthose，thatconceivethecelestialbodieshavemoreaccurateinfluencesuponthesethingsbelow，thanindeedtheyhave），butingross.Comets，outofquestion，havelikewisepowerandeffect，overthegrossandmassofthings;buttheyarerathergazedupon，andwaiteduponintheirjourney，thanwiselyobservedintheireffects;speciallyin，theirrespectiveeffects;thatis，whatkindofcomet，formagnitude，color，versionofthebeams，plac—

inginthereignofheaven，orlasting，producethwhatkindofeffects.

ThereisatoywhichIhaveheard，andIwouldnothaveitgivenover，butwaiteduponalittle.

TheysayitisobservedintheLowCountries（I

knownotinwhatpart）thateveryfiveandthirtyyears，thesamekindandsuitofyearsandweath—

erscomeaboutagain;asgreatfrosts，greatwet，greatdroughts，warmwinters，summerswithlittleheat，andthelike;andtheycallitthePrime.ItisathingIdotherathermention，because，comput—

ingbackwards，Ihavefoundsomeconcurrence.

Buttoleavethesepointsofnature，andtocometomen.Thegreatestvicissitudeofthingsamongstmen，isthevicissitudeofsectsandreligions.Forthoseorbsruleinmen’smindsmost.Thetruere—

ligionisbuiltupontherock;therestaretossed，uponthewavesoftime.Tospeak，therefore，ofthecausesofnewsects;andtogivesomecounselcon—

cerningthem，asfarastheweaknessofhumanjudgmentcangivestay，tosogreatrevolutions.

Whenthereligionformerlyreceived，isrentbydiscords;andwhentheholinessoftheprofessorsofreligion，isdecayedandfullofscandal;andwithalthetimesbestupid，ignorant，andbar—

barous;youmaydoubtthespringingupofanewsect;ifthenalso，thereshouldariseanyextrava—

gantandstrangespirit，tomakehimselfauthorthereof.Allwhichpointsheld，whenMahometpublishedhislaw.Ifanewsecthavenottwoprop—

erties，fearitnot;foritwillnotspread.Theoneisthesupplanting，ortheopposing，ofauthorityes—

tablished;fornothingismorepopularthanthat.

Theotheristhegivinglicensetopleasures，andavoluptuouslife.Forasforspeculativeheresies（suchaswereinancienttimestheArians，andnowtheArmenians），thoughtheyworkmightilyuponmen’swits，yettheydonotproduceanygreatal—

terationsinstates;exceptitbebythehelpofciviloccasions.Therebethreemannerofplantationsofnewsects.Bythepowerofsignsandmiracles;bytheeloquence，andwisdom，ofspeechandpersua—

sion;andbythesword.Formartyrdoms，Ireckonthemamongstmiracles;becausetheyseemtoex—

ceedthestrengthofhumannature：andImaydothelike，ofsuperlativeandadmirableholinessoflife.Surelythereisnobetterway，tostoptherisingofnewsectsandschisms，thantoreformabuses;tocompoundthesmallerdifferences;toproceedmildly，andnotwithsanguinarypersecutions;

andrathertotakeofftheprincipalauthorsbywin—

ningandadvancingthem，thantoenragethembyviolenceandbitterness.

Thechangesandvicissitudeinwarsaremany;

butchieflyinthreethings;intheseatsorstagesofthewar;intheweapons;andinthemanneroftheconduct.Wars，inancienttime，seemedmoretomovefromeasttowest;forthePersians，Assyrians，Arabians，Tartars（whichweretheinvaders）werealleasternpeople.Itistrue，theGaulswerewest—

ern;butwereadbutoftwoincursionsoftheirs：

theonetoGallo—Grecia，theothertoRome.Buteastandwesthavenocertainpointsofheaven;andnomorehavethewars，eitherfromtheeastorwest，anycertaintyofobservation.Butnorthandsoutharefixed;andithathseldomorneverbeenseenthatthefarsouthernpeoplehaveinvadedthenorthern，butcontrariwise.Wherebyitismanifestthatthenortherntractoftheworld，isinnaturethemoremartialregion：beitinrespectofthestarsofthathemisphere;orofthegreatcontinentsthatareuponthenorth，whereasthesouthpart，foraughtthatisknown，isalmostallsea;or（whichismostapparent）ofthecoldofthenorthernparts，whichisthatwhich，withoutaidofdiscipline，dothmakethebodieshardest，andthecourageswarmest.

Uponthebreakingandshiveringofagreatstateandempire，youmaybesuretohavewars.Forgreatempires，whiletheystand，doenervateanddestroytheforcesofthenativeswhichtheyhavesubdued，restingupontheirownprotectingforces;

andthenwhentheyfailalso，allgoestoruin，andtheybecomeaprey.SowasitinthedecayoftheRomanempire;andlikewiseintheempireofAlmaigne，afterCharlestheGreat，everybirdtak—

ingafeather;andwerenotunliketobefalltoSpain，ifitshouldbreak.Thegreataccessionsandunionsofkingdoms，dolikewisestirupwars;forwhenastategrowstoanover—power，itislikeagreatflood，thatwillbesuretooverflow.AsithathbeenseeninthestatesofRome，Turkey，Spain，andothers.Lookwhentheworldhathfewestbar—

barouspeoples，butsuchascommonlywillnotmarryorgenerate，excepttheyknowmeanstolive（asitisalmosteverywhereatthisday，exceptTar—

tary），thereisnodangerofinundationsofpeople;

butwhentherebegreatshoalsofpeople，whichgoontopopulate，withoutforeseeingmeansoflifeandsustentation，itisofnecessitythatonceinanageortwo，theydischargeaportionoftheirpeopleuponothernations;whichtheancientnorthernpeoplewerewonttodobylot;castinglotswhatpartshouldstayathome，andwhatshouldseektheirfortunes.Whenawarlikestategrowssoftandeffeminate，theymaybesureofawar.Forcom—

monlysuchstatesaregrownmrichinthetimeoftheirdegenerating;andsothepreyinviteth，andtheirdecayinvalor，encouragethawar.

Asfortheweapons，ithardlyfallethunderruleandobservation：yetweseeeventhey，havere—

turnsandvicissitudes.Forcertainitis，thatord—

nancewasknowninthecityoftheOxidrakesinIndia;andwasthat，whichtheMacedonianscalledthunderandlightning，andmagic.Anditiswellknownthattheuseofordnance，hathbeeninChinaabovetwothousandyears.Theconditionsofweapons，andtheirimprovement，are;First，thefetchingafaroff;forthatoutrunsthedanger;asitisseeninordnanceandmuskets.Secondly，thestrengthofthepercussion;whereinlikewiseord—

nancedoexceedallarietationsandancientinven—

tions.Thethirdis，thecommodioususeofthem;asthattheymayserveinallweathers;thatthecar—

riagemaybelightandmanageable;andthelike.

Fortheconductofthewar：atthefirst，menrestedextremelyuponnumber：theydidputthewarslikewiseuponmainforceandvalor;pointingdaysforpitchedfields，andsotryingitoutuponanevenmatchandtheyweremoreignorantinrangingandarrayingtheirbattles.After，theygrewtorestuponnumberrathercompetent，thanvast;theygrewtoadvantagesofplace，cunningdiversions，andthelike：andtheygrewmoreskil—

fulintheorderingoftheirbattles.

Intheyouthofastate，armsdoflourish;inthemiddleageofastate，learning;andthenbothofthemtogetherforatime;inthedecliningageofastate，mechanicalartsandmerchandize.Learninghathhisinfancy，whenitisbutbeginningandalmostchildish;thenhisyouth，whenitisluxuri—

antandjuvenile;thenhisstrengthofyears，whenitissolidandreduced;andlastly，hisoldage，whenitwaxethdryandexhaust.Butitisnotgoodtolooktoolongupontheseturningwheelsofvicissitude，lestwebecomegiddy.Asforthephilologyofthem，thatisbutacircleoftales，andthereforenotfitforthiswriting.

OfFameOfFameTHEpoetsmakeFameamonster.Theyde—

scribeherinpartfinelyandelegantly，andinpartgravelyandsententiously.Theysay，lookhowmanyfeathersshehath，somanyeyesshehathunderneath;somanytongues;somanyvoices;shepricksupsomanyears.

Thisisaflourish.Therefollowexcellentpar—

ables;asthat，shegatherethstrengthingoing;

thatshegoethupontheground，andyethidethherheadintheclouds;thatinthedaytimeshesittethinawatchtower，andfliethmostbynight;thatshemingleththingsdone，withthingsnotdone;

andthatsheisaterrortogreatcities.Butthatwhichpassethalltherestis：TheydorecountthattheEarth，motherofthegiantsthatmadewaragainstJupiter，andwerebyhimdestroyed，there—

uponinanangerbroughtforthFame.Forcertainitis，thatrebels，figuredbythegiants，andseditiousfamesandlibels，arebutbrothersandsisters，mas—

culineandfeminine.Butnow，ifamancantamethismonster，andbringhertofeedatthehand，andgovernher，andwithherflyotherraveningfowlandkillthem，itissomewhatworth.Butweareinfectedwiththestyleofthepoets.Tospeaknowinasadandseriousmanner：Thereisnot，inallthepolitics，aplacelesshandledandmoreworthytobehandled，thanthisoffame.Wewillthereforespeakofthesepoints：Whatarefalsefames;andwhataretruefames;andhowtheymaybebestdiscerned;howfamesmaybesown，andraised;howtheymaybespread，andmulti—

plied;andhowtheymaybechecked，andlaiddead.Andotherthingsconcerningthenatureoffame.Fameisofthatforce，asthereisscarcelyanygreataction，whereinithathnotagreatpart;es—

peciallyinthewar.MucianusundidVitellius，byafamethathescattered，thatVitelliushadinpur—

posetoremovethelegionsofSyriaintoGermany，andthelegionsofGermanyintoSyria;where—

uponthelegionsofSyriawereinfinitelyinflamed.

JuliusCaesartookPompeyunprovided，andlaidasleephisindustryandpreparations，byafamethathecunninglygaveout：Caesar’sownsoldierslovedhimnot，andbeingweariedwiththewars，andladenwiththespoilsofGaul，wouldforsakehim，assoonashecameintoItaly.LiviasettledallthingsforthesuccessionofhersonTiberius，bycontinualgivingout，thatherhusbandAugustuswasuponrecoveryandamendment，anditisanusualthingwiththepashas，toconcealthedeathoftheGreatTurkfromthejanizariesandmenofwar，tosavethesackingofConstantinopleandothertowns，astheirmanneris.ThemistoclesmadeXerxes，kingofPersia，postapaceoutofGrecia，bygivingout，thattheGrecianshadapurposetobreakhisbridgeofships，whichhehadmadeath—

wartHellespont.Therebeathousandsuchlikeexamples;andthemoretheyare，thelesstheyneedtoberepeated;becauseamanmeetethwiththemeverywhere.Thereforeletallwisegovernorshaveasgreatawatchandcareoverfames，astheyhaveoftheactionsanddesignsthemselves.

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glossaryAGlossaryOFARCHAICWORDSANDPHRASES

Abridgment：miniatureAbsurd：stupid，unpolishedAbuse：cheat，deceiveAculeate：stingingAdamant：loadstoneAdust：scorchedAdvoutress：adulteressAffect：like，desireAntic：clownAppose：questionArietation：battering—ramAudit：revenueAvoidance：secretoutletBattle：battalionBestow：settleinlifeBlanch：flatter，evadeBrave：boastfulBravery：boast，ostentationBroke：dealinbrokerageBroken：shinebycomparisonBrokenmusic：partmusicCabinet：secretCalendar：weatherforecastCard：chart，mapCarenotto：arerecklessCast：planCat：cate，cakeChargeandadventure：costandriskCheckwith：interfereChop：bandywordsCivil：peacefulClose：secret，secretiveCollect：inferCompound：compromiseConsent：agreementCurious：elaborateCustom：importdutiesDeceive：robDerive：divertDifficileness：morosenessDiscover：revealDonative：moneygiftDoubt：fearEquipollent：equallypowerfulEspial：spyEstate：stateFacility：ofeasypersuasionFair：ratherFame：rumorFavor：featureFlashy：insipidFoot—pace：lobbyForeseen：guardedagainstFroward：stubbornFutile：babblingGlobe：completebodyGlorious：showy，boastfulHumorous：capriciousHundredpoll：hundredthheadImpertinent：irrelevantImplicit：entangledInamean：inmoderationInsmother：suppressedIndifferent：impartialIntend：attendtoKnap：knollLeese：loseLet：hinderLoose：shotLot：spellLurch：interceptMake：profit，getManage：trainMate：conquerMaterial：business—likeMere—stone：boundarystoneMuniting：fortifyingNerve：sinewObnoxious：subservient，liableOes：roundspanglesPair：impairPardon：allowancePassable：mediocrePine—apple—tree：pinePlantation：colonyPlatform：planPlausible：praiseworthyPointdevice：excessivelyprecisePolitic：politicianPoll：extortPoser：examinerPractice：plottingPreoccupate：anticipatePrest：preparedPrick：plantProper：personalProspective：stereoscopeProyne：prunePurprise：enclosurePush：pimpleQuarrel：pretextQuech：flinchReason：principleRecamera：retiring—roomReturn：reactionReturn：wingrunningbackRise：dignityRound：straightSave：accountforScantling：measureSeel：blindShrewd：mischievousSort：associateSpial：spyStaddle：saplingSteal：dosecretlyStirp：familyStond：stop，standStoved：hot—housedStyle：titleSuccess：outcomeSumptuarylaw：lawagainstextravaganceSuperiorglobe：theheavensTemper：proportionTendering：nursingTract：line，traitTravel：travail，laborTreaties：treatisesTrenchto：touchTrivial：commonTurquet：TurkishdwarfUnderfoot：belowvalueUnready：untrainedUsury：interestValue：certifyVirtuous：ableVotary：vowedWanton：spoiledWood：mazeWork：manage，utilizeTheEnd