第2章

252Whetherthesepeopledonotexerciseallartsandtrades,buildshipsandnavigatethemtoallpartsoftheworld,purchaselands,tillandreapthefruitsofthem,buyandsell,educateandprovidefortheirchildren?Whethertheydonotevenindulgethemselvesinforeignvanities?

253Whether,whateverinconveniencesthosepeoplemayhaveincurredfromnotobservingeitherrulesorboundsintheirpapermoney,yetitbenotcertainthattheyareinamoreflourishingcondition,havelargerandbetterbuilttowns,moreplenty,moreindustry,moreartsandcivility,andamoreextensivecommerce,thanwhentheyhadgoldandsilvercurrentamongthem?

254Whetheraviewoftheruinouseffectsofabsurdschemesandcreditmismanaged,soastoproducegamingandmadnessinsteadofindustry,canbeanyjustobjectionagainstanationalbankcalculatedpurelytopromoteindustry?

255Whetheraschemeforthewelfareofthisnationshouldnottakeinthewholeinhabitants?Andwhetheritbenotavainattempt,toprojecttheflourishingofourProtestantgentry,exclusiveofthebulkofthenatives?

256Whetheranoath,testifyingallegiancetotheking,anddisclaimingthepope’sauthorityintemporals,maynotbejustlyrequiredoftheRomanCatholics?Andwhether,incommonprudenceorpolicy,anypriestshouldbetoleratedwhorefusethtotakeit?

257Whetherthereisanysuchthingasabodyofinhabitants,inanyRomanCatholiccountryunderthesun,thatprofessanabsolutesubmissiontothepope’sordersinmattersofanindifferentnature,orthatinsuchpointsdonotthinkittheirdutytoobeythecivilgovernment?

258WhethersincethepeaceofUtrecht,masswasnotcelebratedandthesacramentsadministeredindiversdiocesesofSicily,notwithstandingthePope’sinterdict?

259WhetherasumwhichwouldgobutalittlewaytowardserectinghospitalsformaintainingandeducatingthechildrenofthenativeIrishmightnotgofarinbindingthemoutapprenticestoProtestantmasters,forhusbandry,usefultrades,andtheserviceoffamilies?

260Whethertherebeanyinstanceofapeople’sbeingconvertedinaChristiansense,otherwisethanbypreachingtothemandinstructingthemintheirownlanguage?

261WhethercatechistsintheIrishtonguemaynoteasilybeprocuredandsubsisted?Andwhetherthiswouldnotbethemostpracticablemeansforconvertingthenatives?

262WhetheritbenotofgreatadvantagetotheChurchofRome,thatshehathclergysuitedtoallranksofmen,ingradualsubordinationfromcardinalsdowntomendicants?

263Whetherhernumerouspoorclergyarenotveryusefulinmissions,andofmuchinfluencewiththepeople?

264Whether,indefectofablemissionaries,personsconversantinlowlife,andspeakingtheIrishtongue,ifwellinstructedinthefirstprinciplesofreligion,andinthepopishcontroversy,thoughfortherestonalevelwiththeparishclerks,ortheschool—mastersofcharity—schools,maynotbefittomixwithandbringoverourpoorilliteratenativestotheEstablishedChurch?

WhetheritisnottobewishedthatsomepartsofourliturgyandhomilieswerepubliclyreadintheIrishlanguage?Andwhether,intheseviews,itmaynotberighttobreedupsomeofthebettersortofchildreninthecharity—schools,andqualifythemformissionaries,catechists,andreaders?

265Whetherasquirepossessedoflandtothevalueofathousandpoundsperannum,oramerchantworthtwentythousandpoundsincash,wouldhavemostpowertodogoodoreviluponanyemergency?AndwhetherthesufferingRomanCatholicstopurchaseforfeitedlandswouldnotbegoodpolicy,astendingtounitetheirinterestwiththatofthegovernment?

266Whetherthesea—portsofGalway,Limerick,Cork,andWaterfordarenottobelookedonaskeysofthiskingdom?Andwhetherthemerchantsarenotpossessedofthesekeys;andwhoarethemostnumerousmerchantsinthosecities?

267Whetheramerchantcannotmorespeedilyraiseasum,moreeasilyconcealortransferhiseffects,andengageinanydesperatedesignwithmoresafety,thanalandedman,whoseestateisapledgeforhisbehaviour?

268Whetherawealthymerchantbearsnotgreatswayamongthepopulaceofatradingcity?Andwhetherpowerbenotultimatelylodgedinthepeople?

269Whether,asothershavesupposedanAtlantisorUtopia,wealsomaynotsupposeanHyperboreanislandinhabitedbyreasonablecreatures?

270Whetheranindifferentperson,wholooksintoallhands,maynotbeabetterjudgeofthegamethanapartywhoseesonlyhisown?

271WhethertherebeanycountryinChristendommorecapableofimprovementthanIreland?

272Whetherwearenotasfarbeforeothernationswithrespecttonaturaladvantages,aswearebehindthemwithrespecttoartsandindustry?

273Whetherwedonotliveinamostfertilesoilandtemperateclimate,andyetwhetherourpeopleingeneraldonotfeelgreatwantandmisery?

274Whethermycountrymenarenotreadieratfindingexcusesthanremedies?

275Whetherthewealthandprosperityofourcountrydonothangbyahair,theprobityofonebanker,thecautionofanother,andthelivesofall?

276Whetherwehavenotbeensufficientlyadmonishedofthisbysomelateevents?

277Whetheranationalbankwouldnotatoncesecureourproperties,putanendtousury,facilitatecommerce,supplythewantofcoin,andproducereadypaymentsinallpartsofthekingdom?

278Whethertheuseornatureofmoney,whichallmensoeagerlypursue,beyetsufficientlyunderstoodorconsideredbyall?

279WhatdothAristotlemeanbysaying——

\"Coinseemstobesomethingtrivial。\"—Derepub。,ix。9?

280WhethermankindarenotgovernedbyCitationratherthanbyreason?

281Whethertherebenotameasureorlimit,withinwhichgoldandsilverareuseful,andbeyondwhichtheymaybehurtful?

282Whetherthatmeasurebenotthecirculatingofindustry?

283Whetheradiscoveryoftherichestgoldminethateverwas,intheheartofthiskingdom,wouldbearealadvantagetous?

284Whetheritwouldnottemptforeignerstopreyuponus?

285Whetheritwouldnotrenderusalazy,proud,anddastardlypeople?

286Whethereverymanwhohadmoneyenoughwouldnotbeagentleman?Andwhetheranationofgentlemenwouldnotbeawretchednation?

287Whetherallthingswouldnotbearahighprice?Andwhethermenwouldnotincreasetheirfortuneswithoutbeingthebetterforit?

288Whetherthesameevilswouldbeapprehendedfrompaper—moneyunderanhonestandthriftyregulation?

289Whether,therefore,anationalbankwouldnotbemorebeneficialthanevenamineofgold?

290Whetherwithoutprivatebankswhatlittlebusinessandindustrythereiswouldnotstagnate?Butwhetheritbenotamightyprivilegeforaprivatepersontobeabletocreateahundredpoundswithadashofhispen?

291WhetherthewisestateofVenicewasnotthefirstthatconceivedtheadvantageofanationalbank?

292Whetherthegreatexactnessandintegritywithwhichthisbankismanagedbenotthechiefsupportofthatrepublic?

293WhetherthebankofAmsterdamwasnotbegunaboutonehundredandthirtyyearsago,andwhetheratthisdayitsstockbenotconceivedtoamounttothreethousandtonsofgold,orthirtymillionssterling?

294Whetherallpaymentsofcontractsforgoodsingross,andlettersofexchange,mustnotbemadebytransfersinthebank—books,providedthesumexceedthreehundredflorins?

295WhetheritbenotowingtothisbankthatthecityofAmsterdam,withouttheleastconfusion,hazard,ortrouble,maintainsandeverydaypromotessogeneralandquickacirculationofindustry?

296Whetheritbenotthegreatesthelpandspurtocommercethatpropertycanbesoreadilyconveyedandsowellsecuredbyacompteenbanc,thatis,byonlywritingoneman’snameforanother’sinthebank—book?

297Whether,atthebeginningofthelastcentury,thosewhohadlentmoneytothepublicduringthewarwithSpainwerenotsatisfiedbythesoleexpedientofplacingtheirnamesinacompteenbanc,withlibertytotransfertheirclaims?

298Whethertheexampleofthoseeasytransfersinthecompteenbanc,thuscasuallyerected,didnottemptothermentobecomecreditorstothepublic,inordertoprofitbythesamesecureandexpeditiousmethodofkeepingandtransferringtheirwealth?

299WhetherthiscompteenbanchathnotprovedbetterthanamineofgoldtoAmsterdam?

300WhetherthatcitymaynotbesaidtoowehergreatnesstotheunpromisingaccidentofherhavingbeenindebtmorethanshewasabletoPay?

301WhetheritbeknownthatanyStatefromsuchsmallbeginnings,insoshortatime,evergrewtosogreatwealthandpowerastheprovinceofHollandhathdone;andwhetherthebankofAmsterdamhathnotbeentherealcauseofsuchextraordinarygrowth?

302WhetherthesuccessofthosepublicbanksinVenice,AmsterdamandHamburgwouldnotnaturallyproduceinotherStatesaninclinationtothesamemethods?

303WhetheritbepossibleforanationalbanktosubsistandmaintainitscreditunderaFrenchgovernment?

304Whetherournaturalappetites,aswellaspowers,arenotlimitedtotheirrespectiveendsanduses?Butwhetherartificialappetitesmaynotbeinfinite?

305Whetherthesimplegettingofmoney,orpassingitfromhandtohandwithoutindustry,beanobjectworthyofawisegovernment?

306Whether,ifmoneybeconsideredasanend,theappetitethereofbenotinfinite?Butwhethertheendsofmoneyitselfbenotbounded?

307Whetherthetotalsumofallotherpowers,beitofenjoymentoraction,whichbelongtoman,ortoallmankindtogether,isnotintruthaverynarrowandlimitedquantity?Butwhetherfancyisnotboundless?

308Whetherthiscapricioustyrant,whichusurpstheplaceofreason,dothnotmostcruellytormentanddeludethosepoormen,theusurers,stockjobbers,andprojectors,ofcontenttothemselvesfromheapingupriches,thatis,fromgatheringcounters,frommultiplyingfigures,fromenlargingdenominations,withoutknowingwhattheywouldbeat,andwithouthavingaproperregardtotheuseorendornatureofthings?

309Whethertheignisfatuusoffancydothnotkindleimmoderatedesires,andleadmenintoendlesspursuitsandwildlabyrinths?

310Whethercountersbenotreferredtootherthings,which,solongastheykeeppaceandproportionwiththecounters,itmustbeownedthecountersareuseful;butwhetherbeyondthattovalueorcovetcountersbenotdirectfolly?

311Whetherthepublicaimoughtnottobe,thatmen’sindustryshouldsupplytheirpresentwants,andtheoverplusbeconvertedintoastockofpower?

312Whetherthebetterthispowerissecured,andthemoreeasilyitistransferred,industrybenotsomuchthemoreencouraged?

313Whethermoney,morethanisexpedientforthosepurposes,benotuponthewholehurtfulratherthanbeneficialtoaState?

314Whetherthepromotingofindustryshouldnotbealwaysinview,asthetrueandsoleend,theruleandmeasure,ofanationalbank?Andwhetheralldeviationsfromthatobjectshouldnotbecarefullyavoided?

315Whetheritmaynotbeuseful,forsupplyingmanufacturesandtradewithstock,forregulatingexchange,forquickeningcommerce,forputtingspiritintothepeople?

316Whetherwearesufficientlysensibleofthepeculiarsecuritythereisinhavingabankthatconsistsoflandandpaper,oneofwhichcannotbeexported,andtheotherisinnodangerofbeingexported?

317Whetheritbenotdelightfultocomplain?Andwhethertherebenotmanywhohadratheruttertheircomplaintsthanredresstheirevils?

318Whether,if’thecrownofthewisebetheirriches’(Prov。,xiv。24),wearenotthefoolishestpeopleinChristendom?

319Whetherwehavenotallthewhilegreatcivilaswellasnaturaladvantages?

320Whethertherebeanypeoplewhohavemoreleisuretocultivatetheartsofpeace,andstudythepublicweal?

321Whetherothernationswhoenjoyanyshareoffreedom,andhavegreatobjectsinview,benotunavoidablyembarrassedanddistractedbyfactions?Butwhetherwedonotdivideupontrifles,andwhetherourpartiesarenotaburlesqueuponpolitics?

322Whetheritbenotanadvantagethatwearenotembroiledinforeignaffairs,thatweholdnotthebalanceofEurope,thatweareprotectedbyotherfleetsandarmies,thatitisthetrueinterestofapowerfulpeople,fromwhomwearedescended,toguardusonallsides?

323WhetherEnglanddothnotreallyloveusandwishwelltous,asboneofherbone,andfleshofherflesh?Andwhetheritbenotourparttocultivatethisloveandaffectionallmannerofways?

324Whatsea—portsorforeigntradehavetheSwisses;andyethowwarmarethosepeople,andhowwellprovided?

325Whethertheremaynotbefoundapeoplewhosocontriveastobeimpoverishedbytheirtrade?Andwhetherwearenotthatpeople?

326Whetheritwouldnotbebetterforthisisland,ifallourfinefolkofbothsexeswereshippedoff,toremaininforeigncountries,ratherthanthattheyshouldspendtheirestatesathomeinforeignluxury,andspreadthecontagionthereofthroughtheirnativeland?

327Whetherourgentryunderstandorhaveanotionofmagnificence,andwhetherforwantthereoftheydonotaffectverywretcheddistinctions?

328Whethertherebenotanartorskillingoverninghumanpride,soastorenderitsubservienttothepubicaim?

329Whetherthegreatandgeneralaimofthepublicshouldnotbetoemploythepeople?

330Whatrightaneldestsonhathtotheworsteducation?

331Whethermen’scounselsarenottheresultoftheirknowledgeandtheirprinciples?

332Whethertherebenotlabourofthebrainsaswellasofthehands,andwhethertheformerisbeneathagentleman?

333WhetherthepublicbemoreinterestedtoprotectthepropertyacquiredbymerebirththanthatwhichistheMediatefruitoflearningandvirtue?

334Whetheritwouldnotbeapoorandill—judgedprojecttoattempttopromotethegoodofthecommunity,byinvadingtherightsofonepartthereof,orofoneparticularorderofmen?

335Whethertherebeamorewretched,andatthesametimeamoreunpitiedcase,thanformentomakeprecedentsfortheirownundoing?

336Whethertodetermineabouttherightsandpropertiesofmenbyotherrulesthanthelawbenotdangerous?

337Whetherthosemenwhomovethecorner—stonesofaconstitutionmaynotpullanoldhouseontheirownheads?

338Whethertherebenottwogeneralmethodswherebymenbecomesharersinthenationalstockofwealthorpower,industryandinheritance?Andwhetheritwouldbewiseinacivilsocietytolessenthatsharewhichisallottedtomeritandindustry?

339Whetherallwaysofspendingafortunebeofequalbenefittothepublic,andwhatsortofmenareaptesttorunintoanimproperexpense?

340Iftherevenuesallottedfortheencouragementofreligionandlearningweremadehereditaryinthehandsofadozenlaylordsandasmanyovergrowncommoners,whetherthepublicwouldbemuchthebetterforit?

341WhethertheChurch’spatrimonybelongstoonetribealone;

andwhethereveryman’sson,brother,orhimself,maynot,ifheplease,bequalifiedtosharetherein?

342Whatisthereintheclergytocreateajealousyinthepublic?Orwhatwouldthepubliclosebyit,ifeverysquireinthelandworeablackcoat,saidhisprayers,andwasobligedtoreside?

343Whethertherebeanythingperfectunderthesun?AndwhetheritbenotwiththeworldaswithaparticularState,andwithaStateorbodypoliticaswiththehumanbody,whichlivesandmovesundervariousindispositions,perfecthealthbeingseldomornevertobefound?

344Whether,nevertheless,menshouldnotinallthingsaimatperfection?And,therefore,whetheranywiseandgoodmanwouldbeagainstapplyingremedies?Butwhetheritisnotnaturaltowishforabenevolentphysician?

345Whetherthepublichappinessbenotproposedbythelegislature,andwhethersuchhappinessdothnotcontainthatoftheindividuals?

346Whether,therefore,alegislatorshouldbecontentwithavulgarshareofknowledge?Whetherheshouldnotbeapersonofreflexionandthought,whohathmadeithisstudytounderstandthetruenatureandinterestofmankind,howtoguidemen’shumoursandpassions,howtoincitetheiractivepowers,howtomaketheirseveraltalentsco—operatetothemutualbenefitofeachother,andthegeneralgoodofthewhole?

347Whetheritdothnotfollowthataboveallthingsagentleman’scareshouldbetokeephisownfacultiessoundandentire?

348Whetherthenaturalphlegmofthisislandneedsanyadditionalstupefier?

349Whetherallspirituousliquorsarenotintruthopiates?

350Whetherourmenofbusinessarenotgenerallyverygravebyfifty?

351Whetherallmenhavenotfacultiesofmindorbodywhichmaybeemployedforthepublicbenefit?

352Whetherthemainpointbenottomultiplyandemployourpeople?

353Whetherheartyfoodandwarmclothingwouldnotenableandencouragethelowersorttolabour?

354Whether,insuchasoilasours,iftherewasindustry,therecouldbewant?

355Whetherthewaytomakemenindustriousbenottoletthemtastethefruitsoftheirindustry?Andwhetherthelabouringoxshouldbemuzzled?

356Whetherourlandlordsaretobetoldthatindustryandnumberswouldraisethevalueoftheirlands,orthatoneacreabouttheTholselisworthtenthousandacresinConnaught?

357WhetherouroldnativeIrisharenotthemostindolentandsupinepeopleinChristendom?

358Whethertheyareyetcivilized,andwhethertheirhabitationsandfurniturearenotmoresordidthanthoseofthesavageAmericans?

359Whetheritbenotasadcircumstancetoliveamonglazybeggars?Andwhether,ontheotherhand,itwouldnotbedelightfultoliveinacountryswarming,likeChina,withbusypeople?

360Whetherweshouldnotcastabout,byallmannerofmeans,toexciteindustry,andtoremovewhateverhindersit?Andwhethereveryoneshouldnotlendahelpinghand?

361Whethervanityitselfshouldnotbeengagedinthisgoodwork?Andwhetheritisnottobewishedthatthefindingofemploymentforthemselvesandotherswereafashionabledistinctionamongtheladies?

362Whetheridlenessbethemotherorthedaughterofspleen?

363WhetheritmaynotbeworthwhiletopublishtheconversationofIschomachusandhiswifeinXenophon,fortheuseofourladies?

364Whetheritistruethattherehavebeen,uponatime,onehundredmillionsofpeopleemployedinChina,withoutthewoollentrade,oranyforeigncommerce?

365WhetherthenaturalinducementstoslotharenotgreaterintheMogul’scountrythaninIreland,andyetwhether,inthatsuffocatinganddispiritingclimate,theBanyansarenotall,men,women,andchildren,constantlyemployed?

366WhetheritbenottruethatthegreatMogul’ssubjectsmightunderselluseveninourownmarkets,andclotheourpeoplewiththeirstuffsandcalicoes,iftheywereimporteddutyfree?

367Whethertherecanbeagreaterreproachontheleadingmenandthepatriotsofacountry,thanthatthepeopleshouldwantemployment?Andwhethermethodsmaynotbefoundtoemployeventhelameandtheblind,thedumb,thedeaf,andthemaimed,insomeorotherbranchofourmanufactures?

368Whethermuchmaynotbeexpectedfromabiennialconsultationofsomanywisemenaboutthepublicgood?

369Whetherataxupondirtwouldnotbeonewayofencouragingindustry?

370Whetheritwouldbeagreathardshipifeveryparishwereobligedtofindworkfortheirpoor?

371Whetherchildrenespeciallyshouldnotbeinuredtolabourbetimes?

372Whetherthereshouldnotbeerected,ineachprovince,anhospitalfororphansandfoundlings,attheexpenseofoldbachelors?

373WhetheritbetruethatintheDutchworkhousesthingsaresomanagedthatachildfouryearsoldmayearnitsownlivelihood?

374Whatafollyisittobuildfinehouses,orestablishlucrativepostsandlargeincomes,underthenotionofprovidingforthepoor?

375Whetherthepoor,grownupandinhealth,needanyotherprovisionbuttheirownindustry,underpublicinspection?

376Whetherthepoor—taxinEnglandhathlessenedorincreasedthenumberofthepoor?

377Whetherworkhousesshouldnotbemadeattheleastexpense,withclayfloors,andwallsofroughstone,withoutplastering,ceiling,orglazing?

378Whetheritbeanimpossibleattempttosetourpeopleatwork,orwhetherindustrybeahabitwhich,likeotherhabits,maybytimeandskillbeintroducedamonganypeople?

379Whetherallmannerofmeansshouldnotbeemployedtopossessthenationingeneralwithanaversionandcontemptforidlenessandallidlefolk?

380Whetheritwouldbeahardshiponpeopledestituteofallthings,ifthepublicfurnishedthemwithnecessarieswhichtheyshouldbeobligedtoearnbytheirlabour?

381Whetherothernationshavenotfoundgreatbenefitfromtheuseofslavesinrepairinghighroads,makingriversnavigable,drainingbogs,erectingpublicbuildings,bridges,andmanufactures?

382Whethertemporaryservitudewouldnotbethebestcureforidlenessandbeggary?

383Whetherthepublichathnotarighttoemploythosewhocannotorwhowillnotfindemploymentforthemselves?

384Whetherallsturdybeggarsshouldnotbeseizedandmadeslavestothepublicforacertaintermofyears?

385Whetherhewhoischainedinajailordungeonhathnot,forthetime,losthisliberty?Andifso,whethertemporaryslaverybenotalreadyadmittedamongus?

386Whetherastateofservitude,whereinheshouldbewellworked,fed,andclothed,wouldnotbeaprefermenttosuchafellow?

387Whethercriminalsinthefreestcountrymaynotforfeittheirliberty,andrepairthedamagetheyhavedonethepublicbyhardlabour?

388Whattheword’servant’signifiesintheNewTestament?

389Whethertheviewofcriminalschainedinpairsandkeptathardlabourwouldnotbeveryedifyingtothemultitude?

390WhetherthewantofsuchaninstitutionbenotplainlyseeninEngland,wherethedisbeliefofafuturestatehardenethroguesagainstthefearofdeath,andwhere,throughthegreatgrowthofrobbersandhousebreakers,itbecomeseverydaymorenecessary?

391Whetheritbenoteasiertopreventthantoremedy,andwhetherweshouldnotprofitbytheexampleofothers?

392Whetherfelonsarenotoftenspared,andthereforeencouraged,bythecompassionofthosewhoshouldprosecute。

them?

393Whethermanythatwouldnottakeawaythelifeofathiefmaynotneverthelessbewillingtobringhimtoamoreadequatepunishment?

394Whetherthemostindolentwouldbefondofidleness,iftheyregardeditasthesureroadtohardlabour?

395Whethertheindustryofthelowerpartofourpeopledothnotmuchdependontheexpenseoftheupper?

396Whatwouldbetheconsequenceifourgentryaffectedtodistinguishthemselvesbyfinehousesratherthanfineclothes?

397WhetheranypeopleinEuropearesomeanlyprovidedwithhousesandfurniture,inproportiontotheirincomes,asthemenofestatesinIreland?

398Whetherbuildingwouldnotpeculiarlyencourageallotherartsinthiskingdom?

399Whethersmiths,masons,bricklayers,plasterers,carpenters,joiners,tilers,plumbers,andglazierswouldnotallfindemploymentifthehumourofbuildingprevailed?

400Whethertheornamentsandfurnitureofagoodhousedonotemployanumberofallsortsofartificers,iniron,wood,marble,brass,pewter,copper,wool,flax,anddiversothermaterials?

401Whetherinbuildingsandgardensagreatnumberofday—labourersdonotfindemployment?

402Whetherbythesemeansmuchofthatsustenanceandwealthofthisnationwhichnowgoestoforeignerswouldnotbekeptathome,andnourishandcirculateamongourownpeople?

403Whether,asindustryproducedgoodliving,thenumberofhandsandmouthswouldnotbeincreased;andinproportionthereunto,whethertherewouldnotbeeverydaymoreoccasionforagriculture?Andwhetherthisarticlealonewouldnotemployaworldofpeople?

404Whethersuchmanagementwouldnotequallyprovideforthemagnificenceoftherich,andthenecessitiesofthepoor?

405Whetheranexpenseinbuildingandimprovementsdothnotremainathome,passtotheheir,andadornthepublic?Andwhetheranyofthosethingscanbesaidofclaret?

406Whetherfoolsdonotmakefashions,andwisemenfollowthem?

407Whether,foronewhohurtshisfortunebyimprovements,twentydonotruinthemselvesbyforeignluxury?

408WhetherinproportionasIrelandwasimprovedandbeautifiedbyfineseats,thenumberofabsenteeswouldnotdecrease?

409Whetherhewhoemploysmeninbuildingsandmanufacturesdothnotputlifeinthecountry,andwhethertheneighbourhoodroundhimbenotobservedtothrive?

410Whethermoneycirculatedonthelandlord’sownlands,andamonghisowntenants,dothnotreturnintohisownpocket?

411Whethereverysquirethatmadehisdomainswarmwithbusyhands,likeabee—hiveorant—hill,wouldnotservehisowninterest,aswellasthatofhiscountry?

412Whetheragentlemanwhohathseenalittleoftheworld,andobservedhowmenliveelsewhere,cancontentedlysitdowninacold,damp,sordidhabitation,inthemidstofableakcountry,inhabitedbythievesandbeggars?

413Whether,ontheotherhand,ahandsomeseatamidstwell—improvedlands,fairvillages,andathrivingneighbourhoodmaynotinviteamantodwellonhisownestate,andquitthelifeofaninsignificantsauntererabouttownforthatofausefulcountry—gentleman?

414Whetheritwouldnotbeofuseandornamentifthetownsthroughoutthiskingdomwereprovidedwithdecentchurches,townhouses,workhouses,market—places,andpavedstreets,withsomeordertakenforcleanliness?

415Whether,ifeachofthesetownswereaddictedtosomepeculiarmanufacture,weshouldnotfindthattheemployingmanyhandstogetheronthesameworkwasthewaytoperfectourworkmen?Andwhetherallthesethingsmightnotsoonbeprovidedbyadomesticindustry,ifmoneywerenotwanting?

416Whethermoneycouldeverbewantingtothedemandsofindustry,ifwehadanationalbank?

417WhetherthefableofHerculesandthecartereversuitedanynationlikethisnationofIreland?

418Whetheritbenotanewspectacleunderthesun,tobehold,insuchaclimateandsuchasoil,andundersuchagentlegovernment,somanyroadsuntrodden,fieldsuntilled,housesdesolate,andhandsunemployed?

419WhetherthereisanycountryinChristendom,eitherkingdomorrepublic,dependingorindependent,freeorenslaved,whichmaynotaffordusausefullesson?

420WhetherthefrugalSwisseshaveanyothercommoditiesbuttheirbutterandcheeseandafewcattle,forexportation;

whether,nevertheless,thesinglecantonofBernehathnotinherpublictreasurytwomillionssterling?

421WhetherthatsmalltownofBerne,withitsscantybarrenterritory,inamountainouscorner,withoutsea—ports,withoutmanufactures,withoutmines,benotrichbymeredintoffrugality?

422WhethertheSwissesingeneralhavenotsumptuarylaws,prohibitingtheuseofgold,jewels,silver,silk,andlaceintheirapparel,andindulgingthewomenonlytowearsilkonfestivals,weddings,andpublicsolemnities?

423Whethertherebenottwowaysofgrowingrich,sparingandgetting?Butwhetherthelazyspendthriftmustnotbedoublypoor?

424Whethermoneycirculatingbenotthelifeofindustry;andwhetherthewantthereofdothnotrenderaStategoutyandinactive?

425Butwhether,ifwehadanationalbank,andourpresentcash(smallasitis)wereputintothemostconvenientshape,menshouldhearanypubliccomplaintsforwantofmoney?

426Whetherallcirculationbenotalikeacirculationofcredit,whatsoevermedium(metalorpaper)isemployed,andwhethergoldbeanymorethancreditforsomuchpower?

427WhetherthewealthoftherichestnationsinChristendomdothnotconsistinpapervastlymorethaningoldandsilver?

428WhetherLordClarendondothnotaverofhisownknowledge,thatthePrinceofOrange,withthebestcredit,andtheassistanceoftherichestmeninAmsterdam,wasabovetendaysendeavouringtoraise?0,000inspecie,withoutbeingabletoraisehalfthesuminallthattime?(SeeClarendon’sHistory,BK。XII)

429Supposingtherehadbeenhithertonosuchthingasabank,andthequestionwerenowfirstproposed,whetheritwouldbesafertocirculateunlimitedbillsinaprivatecredit,orbillstoalimitedvalueonthepubliccreditofthecommunity,whatwouldmenthink?

430Whetherthemaxim,’Whatiseverybody’sbusinessisnobody’s,’prevailsinanycountryunderthesunmorethaninIreland?

431Whethertheunitedstockofanationbenotthebestsecurity?AndwhetheranythingbuttheruinoftheStatecanproduceanationalbankruptcy?

432Whetherthetotalsumofthepublictreasure,power,andwisdom,allco—operating,benotmostlikelytoestablishabankofcredit,sufficienttoanswertheends,relievethewants,andsatisfythescruplesofallpeople?

433WhetherLondonisnottobeconsideredasthemetropolisofIreland?Andwhetherourwealth(suchasitis)dothnotcirculatethroughLondonandthroughoutallEngland,asfreelyasthatofanypartofhisMajesty’sdominions?

434WhetherthereforeitbenotevidentlytheinterestofthepeopleofEnglandtoencourageratherthantoopposeanationalbankinthiskingdom,aswellaseveryothermeansforadvancingourwealthwhichshallnotimpairtheirown?

435Whetheritisnotourinteresttobeusefultothemratherthanrivalthem;andwhetherinthatcasewemaynotbesureoftheirgoodoffices?

436WhetherwecanproposetothrivesolongasweentertainawrongheadeddistrustofEngland?

437Whether,asanationalbankwouldincreaseourindustry,andthatourwealth,Englandmaynotbeaproportionablegainer;andwhetherweshouldnotconsiderthegainsofourmother—countryassomeaccessiontoourown?

438Whethertherebeanydifficultyincomprehendingthatthewholewealthofthenationisintruththestockofanationalbank?Andwhetheranymorethantherightcomprehensionofthisbenecessarytomakeallmeneasywithregardtoitscredit?

439Whethertheprejudicesaboutgoldandsilverarenotstrong,butwhethertheyarenotstillprejudices?

440Whetherpaperdothnotbyitsstampandsignatureacquirealocalvalue,andbecomeaspreciousandasscarceasgold?Andwhetheritbenotmuchfittertocirculatelargesums,andthereforepreferabletogold?

441Whetheritdothnotmuchimporttohavearightconceptionofmoney?Andwhetheritstrueandjustideabenotthatofaticket,entitlingtopower,andfittedtorecordandtransfersuchpower?

442ThoughthebankofAmsterdamdothveryrarely,ifatall,payoutmoney,yetwhethereverymanpossessedofspeciebenotreadytoconvertitintopaper,andactascashiertothebank?Andwhether,fromthesamemotive,everymoniedmanthroughoutthiskingdomwouldnotbecashiertoournationalbank?

443Whetherwemaynotobtainthatasfriendswhichitisinvaintohopeforasrivals?

444WhetherineveryinstancebywhichweprejudiceEngland,wedonotinagreaterdegreeprejudiceourselves?

445Whetherintherudeoriginalofsocietythefirststepwasnottheexchangingofcommodities;thenextasubstitutingofmetalsbyweightasthecommonmediumofcirculation;afterthisthemakinguseofcoin;lastly,afurtherrefinementbytheuseofpaperwithpropermarksandsignatures?Andwhetherthis,asitisthelast,soitbenotthegreatestimprovement?

446Whetherwearenotinfacttheonlypeoplewhomaybesaidtostarveinthemidstofplenty?

447Whethertherecanbeaworsesignthanthatpeopleshouldquittheircountryforalivelihood?Thoughmenoftenleavetheircountryforhealth,orpleasure,orriches,yettoleaveitmerelyforalivelihood,whetherthisbenotexceedingbad,andshewethsomepeculiarmismanagement?

448Whether,inordertoredressourevils,artificialhelpsarenotmostwantedinalandwhereindustryismostagainstthenaturalgrainofthepeople?

449Whether,althoughtheprepossessionsaboutgoldandsilverhavetakendeeproot,yettheexampleofourColoniesinAmericadothnotmakeitasplainasday—lightthattheyarenotsonecessarytothewealthofanationasthevulgarofallranksimagine?

450Whetheritbenotevidentthatwemaymaintainamuchgreaterinwardandoutwardcommerce,andbefivetimesricherthanweare,nay,andourbillsabroadbeoffargreatercredit,thoughwehadnotoneounceofgoldorsilverinthewholeisland?

451Whetherwrongheadedmaxims,customs,andfashionsarenotsufficienttodestroyanypeoplewhichhathsofewresourcesastheinhabitantsofIreland。

452Whetheritwouldnotbeahorriblethingtoseeourmatronsmakedressandplaytheirchiefconcern?

453WhetherourladiesmightnotaswellendowmonasteriesaswearFlanderslace?AndwhetheritbenottruethatPopishnunsaremaintainedbyProtestantcontributions?

454WhetherEngland,whichhathafreetrade,whateversheremitsforforeignluxurywithonehand,dothnotwiththeotherreceivemuchmorefromabroad?Whether,nevertheless,thisnationwouldnotbeagainer,ifourwomenwouldcontentthemselveswiththesamemoderationinpointofexpenseastheEnglishladies?

455ButwhetheritbenotanotorioustruththatourIrishladiesareonafoot,astodress,withthoseoffivetimestheirfortuneinEngland?

456Whetheritbenotevencertainthatthematronsofthisforlorncountrysendoutagreaterproportionofitswealth,forfineapparel,thananyotherfemalesonthewholesurfaceofthisterraqueousglobe?

457Whethertheexpense,greatasitis,bethegreatestevil;

butwhetherthisfollymaynotproducemanyotherfollies,anentirederangementofdomesticlife,absurdmanners,neglectofduties,badmothers,ageneralcorruptioninbothsexes?

458Whetherthefirstbeginningofexpedientsdonotalwaysmeetwithprejudices?Andwhethereventheprejudicesofapeopleoughtnottoberespected?

459Whetheranationalbankbenotthetruephilosopher’sstoneinaState?

460Whetherallregulationsofcoinshouldnotbemadewithaviewtoencourageindustry,andacirculationofcommerce,throughoutthekingdom?

461Whethertooilthewheelsofcommercebenotacommonbenefit?Andwhetherthisbenotdonebyavoidingfractionsandmultiplyingsmallsilver?

462Whether,allthingsconsidered,ageneralraisingthevalueofgoldandsilverbenotsofarfrombringinggreaterquantitiesthereofintothekingdomthatitwouldproduceadirectcontraryeffect,inasmuchasless,inthatcase,wouldserve,andthereforelessbewanted?Andwhethermendonotimportacommodityinproportiontothedemandorwantofit?

463WhethertheloweringofourgoldwouldnotcreateafeverintheState?Andwhetherafeverbenotsometimesacure,butwhetheritbenotthelastcureamanwouldchoose?

464Whetherraisingthevalueofaparticularspecieswillnottendtomultiplysuchspecies,andtolessenothersinproportionthereunto?Andwhetheramuchlessquantityofcashinsilverwouldnot,inreality,enrichthenationmorethanamuchgreateringold?

465Whether,ceterisparibus,itbenottruethatthepricesofthingsincreaseasthequantityofmoneyincreaseth,andarediminishedasthatisdiminished?Andwhether,bythequantityofmoneyisnottobeunderstoodtheamountofthedenominations,allcontractsbeingnominalforpounds,shillings,andpence,andnotforweightsofgoldorsilver?

466Whetherourexportsdonotconsistofsuchnecessariesasothercountriescannotwellbewithout?

467Whetheruponthecirculationofanationalbankmorelandwouldnotbetilled,morehandsemployed,andconsequentlymorecommoditiesexported?

468Whethersilverandsmallmoneybenotthatwhichcirculatesthequickest,andpasseththroughallhands,ontheroad,inthemarket,attheshop?

469Whether,allthingsconsidered,itwouldnotbebetterforakingdomthatitscashconsistedofhalfamillioninsmallsilver,thanoffivetimesthatsumingold?

470Whethertherebenoteverydayfivehundredlesserpaymentsmadeforonethatrequiresgold?

471WhetherSpain,wheregoldbearsthehighestvalue,benotthelaziest,andChina,whereitbearsthelowest,benotthemostindustriouscountryintheknownworld?

472WhetheritbenotevidentlytheinterestofeveryState,thatitsmoneyshouldrathercirculatethanstagnate?

473Whethertheprincipaluseofcashbenotitsreadypassingfromhandtohand,toanswercommonoccasionsofthecommonpeople,andwhethercommonoccasionsofallsortsofpeoplearenotsmallones?

474Whetherbusinessatfairsandmarketsisnotoftenatastandandoftenhindered,eventhoughthesellerhathhiscommoditiesathandandthepurchaserhisgold,yetforwantofchange?

475Aswealthisreallypower,andcoinaticketconveyingpower,whetherthoseticketswhicharethefittestforthatuseoughtnottobepreferred?

476Whetherthoseticketswhichsinglytransfersmallsharesofpower,and,beingmultiplied,largeshares,arenotfitterforcommonusethanthosewhichsinglytransferlargeshares?

477Whetherthepublicisnotmorebenefitedbyashillingthatcirculatesthanapoundthatliesdead?

478Whethersixpencetwicepaidbenotasgoodasashillingoncepaid?

479Whetherthesameshillingcirculatinginavillagemaynotsupplyonemanwithbread,anotherwithstockings,athirdwithaknife,afourthwithpaper,afifthwithnails,andsoanswermanywantswhichmustotherwisehaveremainedunsatisfied?

480Whetherfacilitatingandquickeningthecirculationofpowertosupplywantsbenotthepromotingofwealthandindustryamongthelowerpeople?Andwhetheruponthisthewealthofthegreatdothnotdepend?

481Whether,withoutthepropermeansofcirculation,itbenotvaintohopeforthrivingmanufacturersandabusypeople?

482WhetherfourpoundsinsmallcashmaynotcirculateandenlivenanIrishmarket,whichmanyfour—poundpieceswouldpermittostagnate?

483Whetheramanthatcouldmovenothinglessthanahundred—poundweightwouldnotbemuchatalosstosupplyhiswants;andwhetheritwouldnotbebetterforhimtobelessstrongandmoreactive?

484Whetherthenaturalbodycanbeinastateofhealthandvigourwithoutaduecirculationoftheextremities,even?Andwhetherthepoliticalbody,anyinthefingersandtoesmorethanthenatural,canthrivewithoutaproportionablecirculationthroughtheminutestandmostinconsiderablepartsthereof?

485Ifwehadamintforcoiningonlyshillings,sixpences,andcopper—money,whetherthenationwouldnotsoonfeelthegoodeffectsthereof?

486Whetherthegreaterwastebywearingofsmallcoinswouldnotbeabundantlyoverbalancedbytheirusefulness?

487WhetheritbenottheindustryofcommonpeoplethatfeedstheState,andwhetheritbepossibletokeepthisindustryalivewithoutsmallmoney?

488Whetherthewantofthisbenotagreatbartoouremployingthepeopleinthesemanufactureswhichareopentous,anddonotinterferewithGreatBritain?

489Whetherthereforesuchwantdothnotdrivemenintothelazywayofemployinglandundersheep—walk?

490WhethertherunningofwoolfromIrelandcansoeffectuallybepreventedasbyencouragingotherbusinessandmanufacturesamongourpeople?

491WhatevercommoditiesGreatBritainimportethwhichwemightsupply,whetheritbenotherrealinteresttoimportthemfromusratherthanfromanyotherpeople?

492Whethertheapprehensionofmanyamongus(whoforthatveryreasonsticktotheirwool),thatEnglandmayhereafterprohibit,limit,ordiscourageourlinentrade,whenithathbeenonce,withgreatpainsandexpense,thoroughlyintroducedandsettledinthisland,benotaltogethergroundlessandunjust?

493Whetheritispossibleforthiscountry,whichhathneitherminesofgoldnorafreetrade,tosupportforanytimethesendingoutofspecie?

494Whetherinfactourpaymentsarenotmadebybills?Andwhetherourforeigncreditdothnotdependonourdomesticindustry,andourbillsonthatcredit?

495Whether,inordertomendit,weoughtnotfirsttoknowthepeculiarwretchednessofourstate?Andwhethertherebeanyknowingofthisbutbycomparison?

496WhethertherearenotsinglemarkettownsinEnglandthatturnmoremoneyinbuyingandsellingthanwholecounties(perhapsprovinces)withus?

497WhetherthesmalltownofBirminghamalonedothnot,uponanaverage,circulateeveryweek,onewayorother,tothevalueoffiftythousandpounds?Butwhetherthesamecrownmaynotbeoftenpaid?

498WhetheranykingdominEuropebesogoodacustomeratBordeauxasIreland?

499WhetherthepoliceandeconomyofFrancebenotgovernedbywisecouncils?Andwhetheranyonefromthiscountry,whoseestheirtowns,andmanufactures,andcommerce,willnotwonderwhatoursenatorshavebeendoing?

500WhatvarietyandnumberofexcellentmanufacturesaretobemetwiththroughoutthewholekingdomofFrance?

501Whethertherearenoteverywheresomeorothermillsformanyuses,forgesandfurnacesforiron—work,loomsfortapestry,glass—houses,andsoforth?

502Whatquantitiesofpaper,stockings,hats;whatmanufacturesofwool,silk,linen,hemp,leather,wax,earthenware,brass,lead,tin,&c?

503WhetherthemanufacturesandcommerceofthesingletownofLyonsdonotamounttoagreatervaluethanallthemanufacturesandallthetradeofthiskingdomtakentogether?

504Whether,intheanniversaryfairatthesmalltownofBeaucaireupontheRhone,therebenotasmuchmoneylaidoutasthecurrentcashofthiskingdomamountsto?

505Whethertheveryshredsshornfromwoollencloth,whicharethrownawayinIreland,donotmakeabeautifultapestryinFrance?

506WhethertherebenotFrenchtownssubsistedmerelybymakingpins?

507Whetherthecoarsefingersofthoseverywomen,thosesamepeasantswhoonepartoftheyeartillthegroundanddressthevineyards,arenotanotheremployedinmakingthefinestFrenchpoint?

508Whetherthereisnotagreatnumberofidlefingersamongthewivesanddaughtersofourpeasants?

509WhethertheFrenchdonotraiseatradefromsaffron,dyeingdrugs,andthelikeproducts,whichmaydowithusaswellaswiththem?

510Whetherwemaynothavematerialsofourowngrowthtosupplyallmanufactures,aswellasFrance,exceptsilk,andwhetherthebulkofwhatsilkevenFrancemanufacturesbenotimported?

511Whetheritbepossibleforthiscountrytogrowrich,solongaswhatismadebydomesticindustryisspentinforeignluxury?

512WhetherournaturalIrisharenotpartlySpaniardsandpartlyTartars,andwhethertheydonotbearsignaturesoftheirdescentfromboththesenations,whichisalsoconfirmedbyalltheirhistories?

513WhethertheTartarprogenyisnotnumerousinthisland?Andwhetherthereisanidleroccupationunderthesunthantoattendflocksandherdsofcattle?

514WhetherthewisdomoftheStateshouldnotwrestlewiththishereditarydispositionofourTartars,andwithahighhandintroduceagriculture?

515WhetheronceuponatimeFrancedidnot,byherlinenalone,drawyearlyfromSpainabouteightmillionsoflivres?

516WhethertheFrenchhavenotsufferedintheirlinentradewithSpain,bynotmakingtheirclothofduebreadth;andwhetheranyotherpeoplehavesuffered,andarestilllikelytosuffer,throughthesameprevarication?

517WhethertheSpaniardsarenotrichandlazy,andwhethertheyhavenotaparticularinclinationandfavourfortheinhabitantsofthisisland?Butwhetherapunctualpeopledonotlovepunctualdealers?

518WhetheraboutfourteenyearsagowehadnotcomeintoaconsiderableshareofthelinentradewithSpain,andwhatputastoptothis?

519Whether,ifthelinenmanufacturewerecarriedonintheotherprovincesaswellasintheNorth,themerchantsofCork,Limerick,andGalwaywouldnotsoonfindthewaytoSpain?

520WhetherthewoollenmanufactureofEnglandisnotdividedintoseveralpartsorbranches,appropriatedtoparticularplaces,wheretheyareonlyorprincipallymanufactured;fineclothsinSomersetshire,coarseinYorkshire,longellsatExeter,saiesatSudbury,crapesatNorwich,linseysatKendal,blanketsatWitney,andsoforth?

521Whethertheunitedskill,industry,andemulationofmanytogetheronthesameworkbenotthewaytoadvanceit?AndwhetherithadbeenotherwisepossibleforEnglandtohavecarriedonherwoollenmanufacturetosogreatperfection?

522Whetheritwouldnotonmanyaccountsberightifweobservedthesamecoursewithrespecttoourlinenmanufacture;andthatdiapersweremadeinonetownordistrict,damasksinanother,sheetinginathird,finewearinglineninafourth,coarseinafifth,inanothercambrics,inanotherthreadandstockings,inothersstampedlinen,orstripedlinen,ortickings,ordyedlinen,ofwhichlastkindsthereissogreataconsumptionamongtheseafaringmenofallnations?

523Whetheritmaynotbeworthwhiletoinformourselvesofthedifferentsortsoflinenwhichareinrequestamongdifferentpeople?

524WhetherwedonotyearlyconsumeofFrenchwinesaboutathousandtunsmorethaneitherSwedenorDenmark,andyetwhetherthosenationspayreadymoneyaswedo?

525WhetheritbenotacustomforsomethousandsofFrenchmentogoaboutthebeginningofMarchintoSpain,andhavingtilledthelandsandgatheredtheharvestofSpain,toreturnhomewithmoneyintheirpocketsabouttheendofNovember?

526WhetheroflateyearsourIrishlabourersdonotcarryonthesamebusinessinEnglandtothegreatdiscontentofmanythere?

ButwhetherwehavenotmuchmorereasonthanthepeopleofEnglandtobedispleasedatthiscommerce?

527Whether,notwithstandingthecashsupposedtobebroughtintoit,anynationis,intruth,againerbysuchtraffic?

528Whethertheindustryofourpeopleemployedinforeignlands,whileourownareleftuncultivated,benotagreatlosstothecountry?

529Whetheritwouldnotbemuchbetterforus,if,insteadofsendingourmenabroad,wecoulddrawmenfromtheneighbouringcountriestocultivateourown?

530Whether,nevertheless,wearenotapttothinkthemoneyimportedbyourlabourerstobesomuchcleargainstothiscountry,butwhetheralittlereflexionandalittlepoliticalarithmeticmaynotshewusourmistake?

531Whetherourprejudicesaboutgoldandsilverarenotveryapttoinfectormisguideourjudgmentsandreasoningsaboutthepublicweal?

532Whetheritbenotagoodrulewherebytojudgeofthetradeofanycity,anditsusefulness,toobservewhetherthereisacirculationthroughtheextremities,andwhetherthepeopleroundaboutarebusyandwarm?

533Whetherwehadnot,someyearssince,amanufactureofhatsatAthlone,andofearthenwareatArklow,andwhatbecameofthosemanufactures?

534Whywedonotmaketilesofourown,forflooringandroofing,ratherthanbringthemfromHolland?

535WhatmanufacturesarethereinFranceandVeniceofgilt—leather,howcheapandhowsplendidafurniture?

536Whetherwemaynot,forthesameuse,manufacturediversthingsathomeofmorebeautyandvarietythanwainscot,whichisimportedatsuchexpensefromNorway?

537Whethertheuseandthefashionwillnotsoonmakeamanufacture?

538Whether,ifourgentryusedtodrinkmeadandcider,weshouldnotsoonhavethoseliquorsintheutmostperfectionandplenty?

539Whetheritbenotwonderfulthatwithsuchpastures,andsomanyblackcattle,wedonotfindourselvesincheese?

540Whethergreatprofitsmaynotbemadebyfisheries;butwhetherthoseofourIrishwholivebythatbusinessdonotcontrivetobedrunkandunemployedonehalfoftheyear?

541WhetheritbenotfollytothinkaninwardcommercecannotenrichaState,becauseitdothnotincreaseitsquantityofgoldandsilver?Andwhetheritispossibleacountryshould?notthrive,whilewantsaresupplied,andbusinessgoeson?

542Whetherplentyofallthenecessariesandcomfortsoflifebenotrealwealth?

543WhetherLyons,bytheadvantageofhermidlandsituationandtheriversRhoneandSaone,benotagreatmagazineormartforinwardcommerce?AndwhethershedothnotmaintainaconstanttradewithmostpartsofFrance;withProvenceforoilsanddriedfruits,forwinesandclothwithLanguedoc,forstuffswithChampagne,forlinenwithPicardy,Normandy,andBrittany,forcornwithBurgundy?

544Whethershedothnotreceiveandutterallthosecommodities,andraiseaprofitfromthedistributionthereof,aswellasofherownmanufactures,throughoutthekingdomofFrance?

545Whetherthechargeofmakinggoodroadsandnavigableriversacrossthecountrywouldnotbereallyrepaidbyaninwardcommerce?

546Whether,asourtradeandmanufacturesincreased,magazinesshouldnotbeestablishedinproperplaces,fittedbytheirsituation,neargreatroadsandnavigablerivers,lakes,orcanals,forthereadyreceptionanddistributionofallsortsofcommoditiesfromandtotheseveralpartsofthekingdom;andwhetherthetownofAthlone,forinstance,maynotbefitlysituatedforsuchamagazine,orcentreofdomesticcommerce?

547Whetheraninwardtradewouldnotcauseindustrytoflourish,andmultiplythecirculationofourcoin,andwhetherthismaynotdoaswellasmultiplyingthecoinitself?

548Whetherthebenefitsofadomesticcommercearesufficientlyunderstoodandattendedto;andwhetherthecausethereofbenottheprejudicedandnarrowwayofthinkingaboutgoldandsilver?

549Whethertherebeanyothermoreeasyandunenviedmethodofincreasingthewealthofapeople?

550Whetherweofthisislandarenotfromourpeculiarcircumstancesdeterminedtothisverycommerceaboveanyother,fromthenumberofnecessariesandgoodthingsthatwepossesswithinourselves,fromtheextentandvarietyofoursoil,fromthenavigableriversandgoodroadswhichwehaveormayhave,atalessexpensethananypeopleinEurope,fromourgreatplentyofmaterialsformanufactures,andparticularlyfromtherestraintswelieunderwithregardtoourforeigntrade?

551Whetherannualinventoriesshouldnotbepublishedofthefairsthroughoutthekingdom,inordertojudgeofthegrowthofitscommerce?

552WhethertherebenoteveryyearmorecashcirculatedatthecardtablesofDublinthanatallthefairsofIreland?

553Whetherthewealthofacountrywillnotbearproportiontotheskillandindustryofitsinhabitants?

554Whetherforeignimportsthattendtopromoteindustryshouldnotbeencouraged,andsuchashaveatendencytopromoteluxuryshouldnotbediscouraged?

555WhethertheannualbalanceoftradebetweenItalyandLyonsbenotaboutfourmillionsinfavouroftheformer,andyet,whetherLyonsbenotagainerbythistrade?

556Whetherthegeneralrule,ofdeterminingtheprofitofacommercebyitsbalance,dothnot,likeothergeneralrules,admitofexceptions?

557Whetheritwouldnotbeamonstrousfollytoimportnothingbutgoldandsilver,supposingwemightdoit,fromeveryforeignparttowhichwetrade?Andyet,whethersomemenmaynotthinkthisfoolishcircumstanceaveryhappyone?

558ButwhetherwedonotallseetheridiculeoftheMogul’ssubjects,whotakefromusnothingbutoursilver,andburyitunderground,inordertomakesurethereofagainsttheresurrection?

559Whetherhemustnotbeawrongheadedpatriotorpolitician,whoseultimateviewwasdrawingmoneyintoacountry,andkeepingitthere?

560Whetheritbenotevidentthatnotgoldbutindustrycausethacountrytoflourish?

561Whetheritwouldnotbeasillyprojectinanynationtohopetogrowrichbyprohibitingtheexportationofgoldandsilver?

562Whethertherecanbeagreatermistakeinpoliticsthantomeasurethewealthofthenationbyitsgoldandsilver?

563Whethergoldandsilverbenotadrug,wheretheydonotpromoteindustry?Whethertheybenoteventhebaneandundoingofanidlepeople?

564Whethergoldwillnotcauseeitherindustryorvicetoflourish?Andwhetheracountry,whereitflowedinwithoutlabour,mustnotbewretchedanddissolutelikeanislandinhabitedbybuccaneers?

565Whetherartsandvirtuearenotlikelytothrive,wheremoneyismadeameanstoindustry?Butwhethermoneywithoutthiswouldbeablessingtoanypeople?

566Whetherkeepingcashathome,orsendingitabroad,justasitmostservestopromoteindustry,benottherealinterestofeverynation?

567Whethercommoditiesofallkindsdonotnaturallyflowwherethereisthegreatestdemand?Whetherthegreatestdemandforathingbenotwhereitisofmostuse?Whethermoney,likeotherthings,hathnotitsproperuse?Whetherthisusebenottocirculate?Whetherthereforetheremustnotofcoursebemoneywherethereisacirculationofindustry?

568Whetheritisnotagreatpointtoknowwhatwewouldbeat?

AndwhetherwholeStates,aswellasprivatepersons,donotoftenfluctuateforwantofthisknowledge?

569WhethergoldmaynotbecomparedtoSejanus’shorse,ifweconsideritspassagethroughtheworld,andthefateofthosenationswhichhavebeensuccessivelypossessedthereof?

570Whethermeansarenotsofarusefulastheyanswertheend?

Andwhether,indifferentcircumstances,thesameendsarenotobtainedbydifferentmeans?

571Ifweareapoornation,aboundingwithverypoorpeople,willitnotfollowthatafargreaterproportionofourstockshouldbeinthesmallestandlowestspeciesthanwouldsuitwithEngland?

572Whether,therefore,itwouldnotbehighlyexpedientifourmoneywerecoinedofpeculiarvalues,bestfittedtothecircumstancesandusesofourowncountry;andwhetheranyotherpeoplecouldtakeumbrageatourconsultingourownconvenience,inanaffairentirelydomestic,andthatlieswithinourselves?

573Whethereverymandothnotknow,andhathnotlongknown,thatthewantofamintcausethmanyotherwantsinthiskingdom?

574WhatharmdidEnglandsustainaboutthreecenturiesago,whensilverwascoinedinthiskingdom?

575WhatharmwasittoSpainthatherprovincesofNaplesandSicilyhadallalongmintsoftheirown?

576Whetheritmaynotbepresumedthatournothavingaprivilegewhicheveryotherkingdomintheworldenjoys,benotowingtoourwantofdiligenceandunanimityinsolicitingforit?

577WhetheritbenottheinterestofEnglandthatweshouldcultivateadomesticcommerceamongourselves?Andwhetheritcouldgivethemanypossiblejealousy,ifoursmallsumofcashwascontrivedtogoalittlefurther,iftherewasalittlemorelifeinourmarkets,alittlemorebuyingandsellinginourshops,alittlebetterprovisionforthebacksandbelliesofsomanyforlornwretchesthroughoutthetownsandvillagesofthisisland?

578WhetherGreatBritainoughtnottopromotetheprosperityofherColonies,byallmethodsconsistentwithherown?AndwhethertheColoniesthemselvesoughttowishoraimatitbyothers?

579Whethertheremotestpartsfromthemetropolis,andthelowestofthepeople,arenottoberegardedastheextremitiesandcapillariesofthepoliticalbody?

580Whether,althoughthecapillaryvesselsaresmall,yetobstructionsinthemdonotproducegreatchronicaldiseases?