第3章

AMAJORPALATII

Theprincipalnoteofherreignwillbe，thatsheruledmuchbyfactionandparties，whichsheherselfbothmade，upheld，andweakened，asherowngreatjudgmentadvised;forIdodissentfromthecommonandreceivedopinion，thatmyLordofLeicesterwasABSOLUTEandALONEinherGRACE;and，thoughIcomesomewhatshortoftheknowledgeofthesetimes，yet，thatImaynoterrorshootatrandom，Iknowitfromassuredintelligencethatitwasnotso;forproofwhereof，amongstmany（thatcouldpresent），Iwillbothrelateastory，andthereinaknowntruth，anditwasthus：Bowyer，theGentlemanoftheBlackRod，beingchargedbyherexpresscommandtolookpreciselytoalladmissionsinthePrivyChamber，onedaystayedaverygaycaptain（andafollowerofmyLordofLeicester）

fromentrance，forthathewasneitherwellknown，noraswornservantoftheQueen;atwhichrepulse，thegentleman（bearinghighonmylord’sfavour）toldhimthathemight，perchance，procurehimadischarge。Leicestercomingtothecontestation，saidpublicly，whichwasnoneofhiswontedspeeches，thathewasaknave，andshouldnotlongcontinueinhisoffice;andsoturningabouttogototheQueen，Bowyer，whowasaboldgentlemanandwell-beloved，steppedbeforehim，andfellatHerMajesty’sfeet，relatesthestory，andhumblycravesHerGrace’spleasure，andinsuchamannerasifhehaddemandedwhethermyLordofLeicesterwasKing，orHerMajestyQueen：whereuntoshereplied（withherwontedoath，GOD’S-

DEATH）\"Mylord，Ihavewishedyouwell，butmyfavourisnotsolockedupforyouthatothersshallnotparticipatethereof;forI

havemanyservantsuntowhomIhave，andwill，atmypleasure，bequeathmyfavour，andlikewiseresumethesame;andifyouthinktorulehere，Iwilltakeacoursetoseeyouforthcoming;{23}I

willhaveherebutoneMISTRESS，andnoMASTER;andlookthatnoillhappentohim，lestitbeseverelyrequiredatyourhands：\"whichsoquailedmyLordofLeicester，thathisfainthumilitywas，longafter，oneofhisbestvirtues。

Moreover，theEarlofSussex，thenLordChamberlain，washisprofessedantagonisttohisdyingday;andformyLordHunsdown，andSirThomasSackville，afterLordTreasurer，whowereallcontemporaries，hewaswonttosayofthem，thattheywereofthetribeofDan，andwereNOLIMETANGERE，implyingthattheywerenottobecontestedwith，fortheywere，indeed，oftheQueen’snighkindred。

Fromwhence，andinmanymoreinstances，Iconcludethatshewasabsoluteandsovereignmistressofhergraces，andthatallthosetowhomshedistributedherfavourswerenevermorethantenants-at-

will，andstoodonnobettertermsthanherprincelypleasure，andtheirgoodbehaviour。

AndthisalsoIpresentasaknownobservation，thatshewas，thoughverycapableofcounsel，absoluteenoughinherownresolution;

whichwaseverapparenteventoherlast，andinthatofherstillaversiontograntTyrone{24}theleastdropofhermercy，thoughearnestlyandfrequentlyadvisedthereunto，yea，wroughtonlybyherwholeCouncilofState，withverymanyreasons;and，asthestateofherkingdomthenstood，Imayspeakitwithassurance，necessitatedarguments。

Ifwelookintoherinclination，asitwasdisposedtomagnificenceorfrugality，weshallfindinthemmanynotableconsiderations;forallherdispensationsweresopoisedasthoughDiscretionandJusticehadbothdecreedtostandatthebeam，andseethemweighedoutindueproportion，thematurityofherpacesandjudgmentsmeetinginaconcurrence;andthatinsuchanagethatseldomlapsethtoexcess。

Toconsiderthemapart，wehavenotmanyprecedentsofherLIBERALITY，noranylargedonativestoPARTICULARmen，myLordofEssex’sbookofPARKSexcepted，whichwasaprincelygift;andsomemoreofalessersizetomyLordofLeicester，Hatton，andothers。

Herrewardschieflyconsistedingrantsandleasesofoffices，andplacesofjudicature;butforreadymoney，andingreatsums，shewasverysparing;which，wemaypartlyconceive，wasavirtueratherdrawnoutofnecessitythanhernature;forshehadmanylayings-

out，andasherwarswerelasting，sotheirchargeincreasedtothelastperiod。AndIamofopinionwithSirWalterRaleigh，thatthosemanybravemenofhertimes，andofthemilitia，tastedlittlemoreofherbountythaninhergraceandgoodwordwiththeirdueentertainment;forsheeverpaidhersoldierswell，whichwasthehonourofhertimes，andmorethanhergreatadversaryofSpaincouldperform;sothatwhenwecometotheconsiderationofherFRUGALITY，theobservationwillbelittlemorethanthatherBOUNTY

anditweresowoventogether，thattheonewas{25}stainedbyanhonourablewayofsparing。

TheIrishactionwemaycallamalady，andaconsumptionofhertimes，foritaccompaniedhertoherend;anditwasofsoprofuseandvastanexpense，thatitdrewnearuntoadistemperatureofState，andofpassioninherself;for，towardsherlast，shegrewsomewhathardtoplease，herarmiesbeingaccustomedtoprosperity，andtheIrishprosecutionnotansweringherexpectation，andherwontedsuccess;foritwasagoodwhileanunthriftyandinauspiciouswar，whichdidmuchdisturbandmisleadherjudgment;

andthemoreforthatitwasaprecedenttakenoutofherownpattern。

ForastheQueen，bywayofdivision，had，athercomingtothecrown，supportedtherevoltedStatesofHolland，sodidtheKingofSpainturnthetrickuponherself，towardshergoingout，bycherishingtheIrishrebellion;whereitfallsintoconsideration，whatthestateofthiskingdomandthecrownrevenueswerethenabletoendureandembrace。

IfwelookintotheestablishmentsofthosetimeswiththebestoftheIrisharmy，countingthedefeatofBlackwater，withalltheprecedentexpenses，asitstoodfrommyLordofEssex’sundertakingofthesurrenderofKingsale，andtheGeneralMountjoy，andsomewhatafter，weshallfindthehorseandfoottroopswere，forthreeorfouryearstogether，muchabouttwentythousand，besidesthenavalcharge，whichwasadependantofthesamewar;inthattheQueenwasthenforcedtokeepincontinualpayastrongfleetatseatoattendtheSpanishcoastsandparts，bothtoalarmtheSpaniards，andtointercepttheforcesdesignedfortheIrishassistance;sothatthechargeofthatwaralonedidcosttheQueenthreehundredthousandpoundsperannumatleast，whichwasnotthemoietyofherotherdisbursementsandexpenses;which，withoutthepublicaids，thestateoftheroyalreceiptscouldnothavemuchlongerendured;

which，outofherownfrequentlettersandcomplaintstotheDeputyMountjoyforcashieringofthatlistassoonashecould，mightbecollected，fortheQueenwasthendrivenintoastrait。

Wearenaturallypronetoapplaudthetimesbehindus，andtovilifythepresent;fortheconcurrentofherfamecarriesittothisday，howloyallyandvictoriouslyshelivedanddied，withoutthegrudgeandgrievanceofherpeople;yetthetruthmayappearwithoutdetractionfromthehonourofsogreataprincess。Itismanifestsheleftmoredebtsunpaid，takenuponcreditofherprivy-seals，thanherprogenitorsdid，orcouldhavetakenup，thatwereahundredyearsbeforeher;whichwasnoinferiorpieceofState，tolaytheburthenonthathouse{26}whichwasbestabletobearitatadeadlift，whenneitherherreceiptscouldyieldherreliefatthepinch，northeurgencyofheraffairsendurethedelaysofParliamentaryassistance。Andforsuchaidsitislikewiseapparentthatshereceivedmore，andthatwiththeloveofherpeople，thananytwoofherpredecessorsthattookmost;whichwasafortunestrainedoutofthesubjects，throughtheplausibilityofhercomportment，and（asIwouldsay，withoutoffence）theprodigaldistributionofhergracetoallsortsofsubjects;forIbelievenoprinceliving，thatwassotenderofhonour，andsoexactlystoodforthepreservationofsovereignty，wassogreatacourtierofthepeople，yea，oftheCommons，andthatstoopedanddeclinedlowinpresentingherpersontothepublicview，asshepassedinherprogressandperambulations，andinherejaculationsofherprayersonthepeople。

And，truly，thoughmuchmaybewritteninpraiseofherprovidenceandgoodhusbandry，inthatshecould，uponallgoodoccasions，abatehermagnanimity，andtherewithcomplywiththeParliament，andsoalwayscomeoffbothwithhonourandprofit;yetmustweascribesomepartofthecommendationtothewisdomofthetimes，andthechoiceofParliament-men;forIsaid{27}notthattheywereatanytimegiventoanyviolentorpertinaciousdispute，theelectionsbeingmadeofgraveanddiscreetpersons，notfactiousandambitiousoffame;suchascamenottotheHousewithamalevolentspiritofcontention，butwithapreparationtoconsultonthepublicgood，andrathertocomplythantocontestwithMajesty：neitherdareI

find{28}thattheHousewasweakenedandpesteredthroughtheadmissionoftoomanyYOUNGHEADS，asithathbeenofLATTERtimes;

whichremembersmeoftheRecorderMartin’sspeechaboutthetruthofourlateSovereignLordKingJames，{29}whentherewereaccountstakenofFORTYgentlemennotaboveTWENTY，andsomenotexceedingSIXTEENyearsofage;whichmadehimtosay，\"thatitwastheancientcustomforoldmentomakelawsforyoungones，buttherehesawthecasealtered，andtherewerechildreninthegreatcouncilofthekingdom，whichcametoinvadeandinvertnature，andtoenactlawstogoverntheirfathers。\"Such{30}wereintheHousealways，{31}andtookthecommoncauseintoconsideration;andtheysaytheQueenhadmanytimesjustcause，andneedenough，tousetheirassistance：neitherdoIrememberthattheHousedidevercapitulate，orprefertheirprivatetothepublicandtheQueen’snecessities，butwaitedtheirtimes，and，inthefirstplace，gavetheirsupply，andaccordingtotheexigenceofheraffairs;yetfailednotatthelasttoattainwhattheydesired，sothattheQueenandherParliamentshadeverthegoodfortunetodepartinlove，andonreciprocalterms，whichareconsiderationsthathavenotbeensoexactlyobservedinourLASTassemblies。AndIwouldtoGodtheyhadbeen;for，consideringthegreatdebtsleftontheKing，{32}andtowhatincumbrancestheHouseitselfhadthendrawnhim，HisMajestywasnotwellused，thoughIlaynottheblameonthewholesuffrageoftheHouse，wherehehadmanygoodfriends;forIdareavouchit，hadtheHousebeenfreedofhalfadozenpopularanddiscontentedpersons（suchas，withthefellowthatburntthetempleofEphesus，wouldbetalkedof，thoughfordoingmischief），I

amconfidenttheKinghadobtainedthatwhich，inreason，andathisfirstoccasion，heoughttohavereceivedfreely，andwithoutcondition。Butpardonthisdigression，whichishereremembered，notinthewayofaggravation，butintruezealofthepublicgood，andpresentedINCAVEAToffuturetimes：forIamnotignoranthowthegeniusandspiritofthekingdomnowmovestomakeHisMajestyamendsonanyoccasion;andhowdesirousthesubjectistoexpiatethatoffenceatanyrate，mayitpleaseHisMajestytomakeatrialofhissubjects’affections;andatwhatpricetheyvaluenowhisgoodnessandmagnanimity。

Buttoourpurpose：theQueenwasnottolearnthat，asthestrengthofthekingdomconsistedinthemultitudeofhersubjects，sothesecurityofherpersonconsistedandrestedintheloveandfidelityofherpeople，whichshepoliticallyaffected（asithathbeenthought）somewhatbeneaththeheightofhernaturalspiritandmagnanimity。

Moreover，itwillbeatruenoteofherprovidence，thatshewouldalwayslistentoherprofit：forshewouldnotrefusetheinformationofmeanestpersonages，whichproposedimprovement;andhadlearnedthephilosophyof（HOCAGERE）tolookuntoherownwork：

ofwhichthereisanotableexampleofoneCarmarthen，anunderofficeroftheCustomHouse，who，observinghistime，presentedherwithapaper，showinghowshewasabusedintheunder-rentingoftheCustoms，andtherewithhumblydesiredHerMajestytoconcealhim，forthatitdidconcerntwoorthreeofhergreatcounsellors，{33}

whomCustomerSmithhadbribedwithtwothousandpoundsaman，sotolosetheQueentwentythousandpoundsperannum;whichbeingmadeknowntotheLords，theygavestrictorderthatCarmarthenshouldnothaveaccesstotheback-stairs;but，atlast，HerMajestysmellingthecraft，andmissingCarmarthen，shesentforhimback，andencouragedhimtostandtohisinformation;whichthepoormandidsohandsomelythat，withinthespaceoftenyears，hewasbroughttodoublehisrent，orleavetheCustomtonewfarmers。Sothatwemaytakethisalsoinconsideration，thattherewereoftheQueen’sCouncilwhichwerenotinthecatalogueofsaints。

Now，aswehavetakenaviewofsomeparticularmotivesofhertimes，hernature，andnecessities，itisnotwithoutthetexttogiveashorttouchoftheHELPSandADVANTAGESofherreign，whichwereNOTwithout{34}paroles;forshehadneitherhusband，brother，sister，norchildrentoprovidefor，who，astheyaredependantsontheCrown，sodotheynecessarilydrawlivelihoodfromthence，andoftentimesexhaustanddrawdeep，especiallywhenthereisanamplefraternityroyal，andoftheprincesoftheblood，asitwasinthetimeofEdwardIII。andHenryIV。ForwhentheCrowncannot，thepublicoughttogivehonourableallowance;fortheyarethehonourandhopesofthekingdom;andthepublic，whichenjoysthem，haththelikeinterestwiththefatherwhichbegatthem;andourcommonlaw，whichistheinheritanceofthekingdom，dideverofoldprovideaidsforthePRIMOGENITUS{35}andtheeldestdaughter;forthatthemultiplicityofcourts，andthegreatchargeswhichnecessarilyfollowaking，aqueen，aprince，androyalissue，wasathingwhichwasnotINRERUMNATURA{36}duringthespaceofforty-

fouryears，{37}butwornoutofmemory，andwithouttheconsiderationofthepresenttimes，insomuchastheaidsgiventothelateandRightNoblePrinceHenry，andtohissister，theLadyElizabeth，whichwereatfirstgenerallyreceivedasimpositionsforknighthood，thoughanancientlaw，fellalsointotheimputationofataxofnobility，forthatitlaylongcoveredintheembersofdivisionbetweentheHousesofYorkandLancaster，andforgottenorconnivedatbythesucceedingprinces：sothatthestrangenessoftheobservation，andthedifferenceofthoselatterreigns，isthattheQueentookupmuchBEYONDthepoweroflaw，whichfellnotintothemurmurofpeople;andhersuccessorstooknothingbutbywarrantofthelaw，whichneverthelesswasreceived，THROUGHDISUSE，tobeinjurioustothelibertyofthekingdom。

NowbeforeIcometoanymentionofherfavourites，forhithertoI

havedeliveredbutsomeobliviouspassages，therebytoprepareandsmoothawayfortherestthatfollows：

ItisnecessarythatItouchonthereligiousnessoftheother’sreign，Imeanthebodyofhersister’s{38}CouncilofState，whichsheretainedentirely，neitherremovingnordiscontentingany，althoughsheknewthemaversetoherreligion，and，inhersister’stime，perversetoherperson，andprivytoallhertroublesandimprisonments。

Aprudencewhichwasincompatibletohersister’snature，forshebothdissipatedandpresentedthemajorpartofherbrother’sCouncil;butthiswillbeofcertain，thathowcompliableandobsequioussoevershefoundthem，yetforagoodspaceshemadelittleuseoftheircounsels，morethanintheordinarycourseoftheBoard，forshehadadormanttableinherownprivybreast;yetshekeptthemtogetherandintheirplaces，withoutanysuddenchange;sothatwemaysayofthemthattheywerethenoftheCourt，notoftheCouncil;forwhilstsheAMAZED{39}thembyakindofpromissivedisputationconcerningthepointscontrovertedbybothChurches，shedidsetdownherowngests，withouttheirprivity，andmadealltheirprogressions，gradations;butforthatthetenentsofhersecrets，withtheintentsofherestablishments，werepitchedbeforeitwasknownwheretheCourtwouldsitdown。

NeitherdoIfindthatanyofhersister’sCouncilofStatewereeitherrepugnanttoherreligion，oropposedherdoings;Englefeild，MasteroftheWards，excepted，whowithdrewhimselffromtheBoard，andshortlyafteroutofherdominions;sopliableandobedienttheyweretochangewiththetimesandtheirprince;andofthemwillfallarelationofrecreation。Paulet，MarquisofWinchester，andLordTreasurer，hadservedthenfourprinces，inasvariousandchangeabletimesandseasons，thatImaywellsaynotimenoragehathyieldedthelikeprecedent。Thisman，beingnotedtogrowhighinherfavour（ashisplaceandexperiencerequired），wasquestionedbyanintimatefriendofhis，howhehadstoodupforthirtyyearstogether，amidstthechangeandruinsofsomanyChancellorsandgreatpersonages。\"Why，\"quoththemarquis，\"ORTUSSUMESALICE，NONEXQUERCU，\"I。E。，\"Iammadeofpliablewillow，notofthestubbornoak。\"And，truly，itseemstheoldmanhadtaughtthemall，especiallyWilliam，EarlofPembroke，fortheytwowerealwaysoftheKing’sreligion，andalwayszealousprofessors：oftheseitissaidthatbeingbothyoungerbrothers，yetofnoblehouses，theyspentwhatwasleftthem，andcameontrusttotheCourt，where，uponthebarestockoftheirwits，theybegantotrafficforthemselves，andprosperedsowellthattheygot，spent，andleftmorethananysubjectsfromtheNormanConquesttotheirowntimes;

whereuponithathbeenprettilyspokenthattheylivedinatimeofdissolution。

Toconclude，then，ofalltheformerreign，itissaidthatthosetwolivedanddiedchieflyinhergraceandfavour：bytheletterwrittenuponhisson’smarriagewiththeLadyCatherineGrey，hehadlikeutterlytohavelosthimself;butattheinstantofconsummation，asapprehendingtheunsafetyanddangerofintermarriagewiththebloodroyal，hefellattheQueen’sfeet，wherehebothacknowledgedhispresumption，andprojectedthecauseandthedivorcetogether：soquickhewasathiswork，thatinthetimeofrepudiationofthesaidLadyGrey，heclappedupamarriageforhisson，theLordHerbert，withMarySidney，daughtertoSirHenrySidney，thenLordDeputyorIreland，theblowfallingonEdward，thelateEarlofHertford，who，tohiscost，tookupthedivorcedlady，ofwhomtheLordBeauchampwasborn，andWilliam，nowEarlofHertford，isdescended。

Icomenowtopresentthemtoherownelection，whichwereeitheradmittedtohersecretsofState，ortakenintohergraceandfavour;ofwhom，inorder，Icraveleavetogiveuntoposterityacautiousdescription，withashortcharacterordraughtofthepersonsthemselves（for，withoutoffencetoothers，Iwouldbetruetomyself），theirmemoriesandmerits，distinguishingthoseofMILITIAE{40}fromtheTOGATI;{41}andofboththeseshehadasmany，andthoseasableministers，ashadanyofherprogenitors。

LEICESTER

ItwillbeoutofdoubtthatmyLordofLeicesterwasoneofthefirstwhomshemadeMasteroftheHorse;hewastheyoungestsonthenlivingoftheDukeofNorthumberland，beheadedPRIMOMARIAE，{42}andhisfatherwasthatDudleywhichourhistoriescouplewithEmpson，andbothbemuchinfamedforthecaterpillarsofthecommonwealthduringthereignofHenryVII。，who，beingofanobleextract，wasexecutedthefirstyearofHenryVIII。，butnottherebysoextinctbutthatheleftaplentifulestate，andsuchasonwho，asthevulgarspeaksit，wouldlivewithoutateat。For，outoftheashesofhisfather’sinfamy，herosetobeaduke，andashighassubjectioncouldpermitorsovereigntyendure。Andthoughhecouldnotfindoutanyappellationtoassumethecrowninhisownperson，yetheprojected，andverynearlyeffectedit，forhissonGilbert，byintermarriagewiththeLadyJaneGrey，andso，bythatway，tobringitintohisloins。Observationswhich，thoughtheyliebeyondus，andseemimpertinenttothetext，yetaretheynotmuchextravagant，fortheymustleadusandshowushowtheafter-

passageswerebroughtabout，withthedependencesonthelineofacollateralworkmanship;andsurelyitmayamazeawell-settledjudgmenttolookbackintothesetimesandtoconsiderhowthedukecouldattaintosuchapitchofgreatness，hisfatherdyinginignominy，andatthegallows，hisestateconfiscatedforpillingandpollingthepeople。

But，whenwebetterthinkuponit，wefindthathewasgivenupbutasasacrificetopleasethepeople，notforanyoffencecommittedagainstthepersonoftheKing;sothatuponthematterhewasamartyroftheprerogative，andtheKinginhonourcoulddonolessthangivebacktohissontheprivilegeofhisblood，withtheacquiringofhisfather’sprofession，forhewasalawyer，andoftheKing’sCouncilatLaw，beforehecametobeEXINTERIORIBUS

CONSILIIS，{43}where，besidesthelickingofhisownfingers，hegottheKingamassofriches，andthatnotwithhazard，butwiththelossofhislifeandfame，fortheKing’sfather’ssake。

Certainitisthathissonwasleftrichinpurseandbrain，whicharegoodfoundations，andfueltoambition;and，itmaybesupposed，hewasonalloccasionswellheardoftheKingasapersonofmarkandcompassioninhiseye，butIfindnotthathedidputupforadvancementduringHenryVIII。’stime，althoughavastaspirerandaprovidentstayer。

ItseemshethoughttheKing’sreignwasmuchgiventothefalling-

sickness，butespyinghistimefitting，andthesovereigntyinthehandsofapupilprince，hethenthoughthemightaswellputup，foritwasthebest;forhavingthepossessionofblood，andofpurse，withahead-pieceofavastextent，hesoongottohonour，andnosoonertherebuthebegantosideitwiththebest，evenwiththeProtector，{44}and，inconclusion，gothisandhisbrother’sheads;stillaspiringtillheexpiredinthelossofhisown，sothatposteritymay，byreadingofthefatherandgrandfather，makejudgmentoftheson;forweshallfindthatthisRobert，whoseoriginalwehavenowtracedthebettertopresenthim，wasinheritortothegeniusandcraftofhisfather，andAmbroseoftheestate，ofwhomhereafterweshallmakesomeshortmention。

WetookhimnowashewasadmittedintotheCourtandtheQueen’sfavours，andherehewasnottoseektoplayhispartwellanddexterously;buthisplaywaschieflyatthefore-game，notthathewasalearneratthelatter，buthelovednottheafter-wit，forthereportis（andIthinknotunjustly）thathewasseldombehind-handwithhisgamesters，andthattheyalwayswentwiththeloss。

Hewasaverygoodlyperson，tall，andsingularlywell-featured，andallhisyouthwell-favoured，ofasweetaspect，buthigh-foreheaded，which（asIshouldtakeit）wasofnodiscommendation;buttowardshislatter，andwhichwitholdmenwasbutamiddleage，hegrewhigh-coloured，sothattheQueenhadmuchofherfather，for，expectingsomeofherkindred，andsomefewthathadhandsomewitsincrookedbodies，shealwaystookpersonageinthewayofelection，forthepeoplehathittothisday，KINGHENRYLOVEDAMAN。

Beingthusinhergrace，shecalledtomindthesufferingsofHIS

ancestors，bothinherfather’sandsister’sreigns，andrestoredhisandhisbrother’sblood，creatingAmbrose，theelder，EarlofWarwick，andhimselfEarlofLeicester;and，ashewasEXPRIMITIS，or，OFHERFIRSTCHOICE，soherestednotthere，butlongenjoyedherfavour，andtherewithwhathelisted，tilltimeandemulation，thecompanionsofgreatness，resolvedofhisperiod，andtocolourhimathissettinginacloud（atConebury）notbysoviolentadeath，orbythefatalsentenceofajudicature，asthatofhisfatherandgrandfatherwas，but，asissupposed，bythatpoisonwhichhehadpreparedforothers，whereintheyreporthimarareartist。Iamnotboundtogivecredittoallvulgarrelations，orthelibelsofhistime，whicharecommonlyforcedandfalsifiedsuitabletothewordsandhonours{45}ofmeninpassionanddiscontent;butwhatblindsmetothinkhimnogoodman，amongstotherthingsofknowntruth，isthatofmyLordofEssex’s{46}

deathinIrelandandthemarriageofhislady，whichIforbeartopressinregardheislongsincedead，andothersarelivingwhomitmayconcern。

Totakehimintheobservationofhislettersandwritings，whichshouldbestsethimoff，forsuchashavefallenintomyhands，I

neveryetsawastyleorphrasemoreseeminglyreligiousandfullerofthestrainsofdevotion;and，weretheynotsincere，Idoubtmuchofhiswell-being，{47}and，Ifear，hewastoowellseenintheaphorismsandprinciplesofNicholastheFlorentine，andinthereaches{48}ofCesareBorgia。

AndheretoIhaveonlytouchedhiminhiscourtships。Iconcludehiminhislance;{49}hewassentGovernorbytheQueentotherevoltedStatesofHolland，wherewereadnotofhiswonders，fortheysayhehadmoreofMercurythanhehadofMars，andthathisdevicemighthavebeen，withoutprejudicetothegreatCaesar，VENI，VIDI，REDIVI。

RADCLIFFE，EarlofSussex。

His{50}co-rivalwasThomasRadcliffe，EarlofSussex，whoinhisconstellationwashisdirectopposite，forindeedhewasoneoftheQueen’smartialists，anddidherverygoodserviceinIreland，atherfirstaccession，tillsherecalledhimtotheCourt，whomshemadeLordChamberlain;butheplayednothisgamewiththatcunninganddexterityastheEarlofLeicesterdid，whowasmuchthefairercourtier，thoughSussexwasthoughtmuchthehonesterman，andfarthebettersoldier，buthelaytooopenonhisguard;hewasagodlygentleman，andofabraveandnoblenature，trueandconstanttohisfriendsandservants;hewasalsoofaveryancientandnoblelineage，honouredthroughmanydescents，throughthetitleofFitzwalters。Moreover，therewassuchanantipathyinhisnaturetothatofLeicester，that，beingtogetherinCourt，andbothinhighemployments，theygrewtoadirectfrowardness，andwereincontinualopposition，theonesettingthewatch，theothertheguard，eachontheother’sactionsandmotions;formyLordofSussexwasofsogreatspirit，which，backedwiththeQueen’sspecialfavourandsupport，{51}byagreatandancientinheritance，couldnotbrooktheother’sempire，insomuchastheQueenuponsundryoccasionshadsomewhattodotoappeaseandatonethem，untildeathpartedthecompetition，andlefttheplacetoLeicester，whowasnotlongalonewithouthisrivalingraceandcommand;and，toconcludethisfavourite，itisconfidentlyaffirmedthat，lyinginhislastsickness，hegavethisCAVEATtohisfriends：-

\"Iamnowpassingintoanotherworld，andImustleaveyoutoyourfortunesandtheQueen’sgraceandgoodness;butbewareofgipsy\"

（meaningLeicester），\"forhewillbetoohardforyouall;youknownotthebeastsowellasIdo。\"

SECRETARYWILLIAMCECIL。

Icomenowtothenext，whichwasSecretaryWilliamCecil，foronthedeathoftheoldMarquisofWinchesterhecameupinhisroom：

apersonofamostsubtleandactivespirit。

Hestoodnotbythewayofconstellation，butwaswhollyattentivetotheserviceofhismistress，andhisdexterity，experience，andmeritthereinchallengedaroomintheQueen’sfavourwhicheclipsedtheother’sover-seeminggreatness，andmadeitappearthattherewereotherssteeredandstoodatthehelmbesideshimself，andmorestarsinthefirmamentofgracethanUrsaMajor。

Hewasborn，astheysay，inLincolnshire，but，assomeaveruponknowledge，ofayoungerbrotheroftheCecilsofHertfordshire，afamilyofmyownknowledge，thoughnowprivate，yetofnomeanantiquity，who，beingexposed，andsenttotheCity，aspoorgentlemenusedtodotheirsons，becametobearichmanonLondonBridge，andpurchased{52}inLincolnshire，wherethismanwasborn。

HewassenttoCambridge，andthentotheInnsofCourt，andsocametoservetheDukeofSomersetinthetimeofhisProtectorshipasSecretary，andhavingapregnancytohighinclinations，hecamebydegreestoahigherconversationwiththechiefestaffairsofStateandCouncils;but，onthefalloftheduke，hestoodsomeyearsinumbrageandwithoutemployment，tilltheStatefoundtheyneededhisabilities;andalthoughwefindnotthathewastakenintoanyplaceduringMary’sreign，unless（assomesay）towardsthelast，yettheCouncilseveraltimesmadeuseofhim，andintheQueen’s{53}

entrancehewasadmittedSecretaryofState;afterwardshewasmadeMasteroftheCourtofWards，thenLordTreasurer，forhewasapersonofmostexcellentabilities;and，indeed，theQueenbegantoneedandseekoutmenofbothguards，andsoIconcludetorankthis{54}greatinstrumentamongsttheTOGATI，forhehadnottodowiththesword，morethanasthegreatpaymasterandcontriverofthewarwhichshortlyfollowed，whereinheaccomplishedmuch，throughhistheoreticalknowledgeathomeandhisintelligenceabroad，byunlockingofthecounselsoftheQueen’senemies。

Wemustnowtakeit，andthatoftruth，intoobservationthat，untilthetenthofherreign，thetimeswerecalmandserene，thoughsometimesovercast，asthemostglorioussun-risingissubjecttoshadowingsanddroppings，forthecloudsofSpain，andthevapoursoftheHolyLeague，begantodisperseandthreatenherfelicity。

Moreover，shewasthentoprovideforsomeintestinestrangers，whichbegantogatherintheheartofherkingdom，allwhichhadrelationandcorrespondency，eachonetotheother，todethroneherandtodisturbthepublictranquillity，andtherewithal，asaprincipalmark，theEstablishedreligion，forthenameofRecusantthenbeganfirsttobeknowntotheworld;untilthentheCatholicswerenomorethanChurch-Papists，{55}butnow，commandedbythePope’sexpressCatholicChurch，theirmother，theyseparatethemselves;soitseemsthePopehadthenhisaimstotakeatruenumberofhischildren;buttheQueenhadthegreateradvantage，forshelikewisetooktaleofheroppositesubjects，theirstrengthandhowmanytheywere，thathadgiventheirnamestoBaal，who{56}

thenbythehandsofsomeofhisproselytesfixedhisbullsonthegatesofSt。Paul’s，whichdischargedhersubjectsofallfidelityandreceivedfaith，andso，undertheveilofthenextsuccessor，toreplanttheCatholicreligion。SothattheQueenhadthenanewtaskandworkinhandthatmightwellawakeherbestprovidence，andrequiredamusterofnewarms，aswellascourtshipsandcounsels，forthetimethenbegantogrowquickandactive，fitterforstrongermotionsthanthemofthecarpetandmeasure;anditwillbeatruenoteofhermagnanimitythatshelovedasoldier，andhadapropensityinhernaturetoregardandalwaystogracethem，whichtheCourt，takingitintotheirconsideration，tookitasaninvitingtowinhonour，togetherwithHerMajesty’sfavour，byexposingthemselvestothewars，especiallywhentheQueenandtheaffairsofthekingdomstoodinsomenecessityofthesoldiers，forwehavemanyinstancesofthesalliesofthenobilityandgentry;

yea，andoftheCourtandherprivyfavourites，thathadanytouchortinctureofMarsintheirinclinations，tostealawaywithoutlicenceandtheQueen’sprivity，whichhadliketocostsomeofthemdear，sopredominantweretheirthoughtsandhopesofhonourgrowninthem，aswemaytrulyobserveintheexpositionofSirPhilipSidney，myLordofEssexandMountjoy，anddiversothers，whoseabsence，andthemanneroftheireruptions，wasverydistastefuluntoher，whereofIcanhereuntoaddatrueandnoimpertinentstory，andthatofthelast：Mountjoy，who，havingtwiceorthricestoleawayintoBrittany，where，underSitJohnNorris，hehadthenacompany，withouttheQueen’sleaveandprivity，shesentamessageuntohimwithastrictchargetothegeneraltoseehimsenthome。

WhenhecameintotheQueen’spresence，shefellintoakindrailing，demandingofhimhowhedurstgooverwithoutherleave。

\"Servemeso，\"quothshe，\"oncemore，andIwilllayyoufastenoughforrunning;youwillneverleavetillyouareknockedonthehead，asthatinconsideratefellowSidneywas;youshallgowhenIsend。

Inthemeantime，seethatyoulodgeintheCourt\"（whichwasthenatWhitehall），\"whereyoumayfollowyourbook，read，anddiscourseofthewars。\"Buttoourpurpose。Itfellouthappilytothose，and，asImaysay，tothesetimes，thattheQueenduringthecalmtimeofherreignwasnotidle，norrockedasleepwithsecurity，forshehadbeenveryprovidentinthereparationandaugmentationofhershippingandammunition，andIknownotwhetherbyaforesightofpolicy，oranyinstinct，itcameabout，orwhetheritwasanactofhercompassion，butitismostcertainshesentnosmalltroopstotherevoltedStatesofHolland，beforeshehadreceivedanyaffrontfromtheKingofSpain，thatmightdeservetotendtoabreachofhostility，whichthePapistsmaintaintothisdaywastheprovocationtotheafter-wars;but，omittingwhatmightbesaidtothispoint，theseNetherlandwarsweretheQueen’sseminariesornurseryofverymanybravesoldiers，andsolikewisewerethecivilwarsofFrance，whithershesentfiveseveralarmies。

TheyweretheFrenchscholarsthatinuredtheyouthandgentryofthekingdom，anditwasamilitia，wheretheyweredailyinacquaintancewiththedisciplineoftheSpaniards，whowerethenturnedtheQueen’sinveterateenemies。

AndthushaveItakeninobservationherDIESHALCYONII——I。E。，theseyearsofherswhichweremoresereneandquietthanthosethatfollowed，which，thoughtheywerenotlesspropitious，asbeingtouchedmorewiththepointsofhonourandvictory，yetweretheytroubledandloadedever，bothwithdomesticandforeignmachinations;and，asitisalreadyquoted，theyweresuchasawakenedherspiritsandmadehercastabouthertodefendratherbyoffending，andbywayofprovisiontopreventallinvasions，thantoexpectthem，whichwasapieceofthecunningofthetimes;andwiththisIhavenotedthecausesandPRINCIPIUM{57}ofthewarsfollowing，andlikewisepointstotheseed-plotsfromwhenceshetookupthesebravemenandplantsofhonourwhoactedonthetheatreofMars，andonwhomshedispersedtheraysofhergrace;

whowerepersons，intheirkindsofcare，virtuous，andsuchasmight，outoftheirmerit，pretendinteresttoherfavours，ofwhichrankthenumberwillequal，ifnotexceed，thatofhergown-men，inrecountofwhomIwillproceedwithSirPhilipSidney。

SIRPHILIPSIDNEY。

HewasthesonofSirHenrySidney，LordDeputyofIreland，andPresidentofWales，apersonofgreatparts，andofnomeangracewiththeQueen;hismotherwassistertomyLordofLeicester，fromwhencewemayconjecturehowthefatherstoodupinthesphereofhonourandemployments，sothathisdescentwasapparentlynobleonbothsides;andforhiseducation，itwassuchastravelandtheUniversitycouldaffordnonebetter，andhistutorsinfuse;for，afteranincredibleproficiencyinallthespheresoflearning，helefttheacademicalforthatoftheCourt，whitherhecamebyhisuncle’sinvitation，famedafterbynoblereportsofhisaccomplishments，which，togetherwiththestateofhisperson，framedbyanaturalpropensitytoarms，soonattractedthegoodopinionsofallmen，andwassohighlypraisedintheesteemoftheQueen，thatshethoughttheCourtdeficientwithouthim;andwhereas，throughthefameofhisdesert，hewasinelectionforthekingdomofPole，{58}sherefusedtofurtherhispreferment，itwasnotoutofemulationofadvancement，butoutoffeartolosethejewelofhertime。HemarriedthedaughterandsoleheirofSirFrancesWalsingham，theSecretaryofState，aladydestinedtothebedofhonour，who，afterhisdeplorabledeathatZutphen，intheLowCountries，wherehewasatthetimeofhisuncleLeicester’sbeingthere，wasremarriedtotheLordofEssex，and，sincehisdeath，tomyLordofSt。Albans，allpersonsofthesword，andotherwiseofgreathonourandvirtue。

Theyhaveaveryquaintconceitofhim，thatMarsandMercuryfellatvariancewhoseservantheshouldbe;andthereisanepigrammatistthatsaiththatArtandNaturehadspenttheirexcellencesinhisfashioning，and，fearingtheycouldnotendwhattheyhadbegun，theybestowedhimupfortime，andNaturestoodmuteandamazedtobeholdherownmark;butthesearetheparticularsofpoets。

Certainitishewasanobleandmatchlessgentleman，anditmaybesaidjustlyofhim，withoutthesehyperbolesoffaction，asitwasofCatoUticensis，thatheseemedtobebornonlytothatwhichhewentabout，VIRSATILISINGENII，asPlutarchsaithit;buttospeakmoreofhimweretomakethemless。

WALSINGHAM。

SirFrancisWalsingham，aswehavesaid，hadthehonourtobeSirPhilipSidney’sfather-in-law;hewasagentlemanatfirst，ofagoodhouse，andofabettereducation，andfromtheUniversitytravelledfortherestofhislearning。Doubtlesshewastheonlylinguistofhistimes，howtousehisowntongue，wherebyhecametobeemployedinthechiefestaffairsofState。

HewassentAmbassadortoFrance，andstayedthereLEGARlongintheheatofthecivilwars，andatthesametimethatMonsieurwashereasuitortotheQueen;and，ifIbenotmistaken，heplayedtheverysamepartthereassinceGondomardidhere。{59}AthisreturnhewastakenprincipalSecretary，andforoneofthegreatenginesofState，andofthetimes，highinhismistress’s（theQueen’s）

favour，andawatchfulservantoverthesafetyofhismistress。

Theynotehimtohavecertaincourtesiesandsecretwaysofintelligenceabovetherest;butImustconfessIamtoseekwhereforehesufferedParry{60}toplaysolongashedid，hangonthehook，beforehehoistedhimup;andIhavebeenalittlecuriousinthesearchthereof，thoughIhavenottodowiththeARCANA

REGALIAIMPERII，fortoknowitissometimesaburden;andI

rememberitwasOvid’scriminanterrorthathesawtoomuch，butI

hopethesearecollaterals，andofnodanger。

ButthatParry，havinganintenttokilltheQueen，madethewayofhisaccessbybetrayingofothers，andinimpeachingofthepriestsofhisowncorrespondency，andtherebyhadaccesstoconferwiththeQueen，asoftentimesprivateandfamiliardiscoursewithWalsingham，willnotbethequeryofthemystery，fortheSecretarymighthavehadanendofafurtherdiscoveryandmaturityofthetreason;butthat，aftertheQueenknewParry’sintent，whyshewouldthenadmithimtoprivatediscourse，andWalsinghamtosufferhim，consideringtheconditionsofallthedesigns，andtopermithimtogowhereandwhitherhelisted，andonlyunderthesecrecyofadarksentinelsetoverhim，wasapieceofreachandhazardbeyondmyapprehension。I

mustagainprofessthatIhavereadmanyofhisletters，fortheyarecommonlysenttomyLordofLeicesterandofBurleighoutofFrance，containingmanyfinepassagesandsecrets，yet，ifImighthavebeenbeholdingtohiscyphers，theywouldhavetoldprettytalesofthetimes;butImustnowclosehimup，andrankhimamongsttheTOGATI，yetchiefofthosethatlaidthefoundationsoftheFrenchandDutchwars，whichwasanotherpieceofhisfinenessofthetimes，withoneobservationmore，thathewasoneofthegreatestalwaysoftheAustrianembracements，forbothhimselfandStaffordthatprecededhimmightwellhavebeencomparedtohimintheGospelthatsowedhistaresinthenight;sodidtheytheirseedsindivisioninthedark;andasitisalikelyreportthattheyfatheronhimathisreturn，theQueenspeakingtohimwithsomesensibilityoftheSpanishdesignsonFrance：\"Madam，\"heanswered，\"Ibeseechyoubecontent，andfearnot;theSpaniardhathagreatappetiteandanexcellentdigestion，butIhavefittedhimwithaboneforthesetwentyyearsthatyourMajestyshouldhavenocausetodoubthim，providedthat，ifthefirechancetoslakewhichIhavekindled，youwillberuledbyme，andcastinsomeofyourfuel，whichwillrevivetheflame。\"

WILLOUGHBY。

MyLordWilloughbywasoneoftheQueen’sfirstswordsmen;hewasoftheancientextractoftheBartewes，butmoreennobledbyhismother，whowasDuchessofSuffolk。HewasagreatmasteroftheartMILITARY，andwassentgeneralintoFrance，andcommandedthesecondarmyoffivetheQueenhadsentthither，inaidoftheFrench。Ihavehearditspokenthat，hadhenotslightedtheCourt，butappliedhimselftotheQueen，hemighthaveenjoyedaplentifulportionofhergrace;anditwashissaying，anditdidhimnogood，thathewasnoneoftheREPTILIA，intimatingthathecouldnotcreepontheground，andthattheCourtwasnothiselement;for，indeed，ashewasagreatsoldier，sohewasofasuitablemagnanimity，andcouldnotbrooktheobsequiousnessandassiduityoftheCourt;andashewasthensomewhatdescendingfromyouth，happilyhehadanANIMAMREVERTENDI，oradesiretomakeasaferetreat。

BACON。

AndnowIcometoanotheroftheTOGATI，SirNicholasBacon，anarch-pieceofwitandofwisdom。Hewasagentleman，andamanoflaw，andofagreatknowledgetherein，whereby，togetherwithhisafter-partoflearninganddexterity，hewaspromotedtobeKeeperoftheGreatSeal，andbeingofkintotheTreasurerBurleigh，and{61}alsothehelpofhishandtobringhimtotheQueen’sgreatfavour，forhewasabundantlyfacetious，whichtookmuchwiththeQueen，whenitsuitedwiththeseason，ashewaswellabletojudgeofthetimes;hehadaveryquaintsaying，andheuseditoftentogoodpurpose，\"thathelovedthejestwell，butnotthelossofhisfriend;\"andthat，thoughheknewthat\"VERUSQUISQUESUAEFORTUNAE

FABER，\"wasatrueandgoodprinciple，yetthemostinnumberwerethosethatnumberedthemselves，butIwillneverforgivethatmanthatlosethhimselftoberidofhisjests。

Hewasfathertothatrefinedwitwhichsincehathactedadisastrouspartonthepublicstage，andoflatesatinhisfather’sroomasLordChancellor;thosethatlivedinhisage，andfromwhenceIhavetakenthislittlemodelofhim，givehimalivelycharacter，andtheydecipherhimtobeanotherSolon，andtheSimonofthosetimes，suchaoneasOEdipuswasindissolvingofriddles;

doubtlesshewasanableinstrument，asitwashiscommendationthathisheadwasthemallet，foritwasaverygreatone，andthereinkeptawedge，thatenteredallknottypiecesthatcometothetable。

AndnowagainImustfallbacktosmoothandplaneawaytotherestthatisbehind，butnotfrommypurpose。Therehavebeen，aboutthistime，tworivalsintheQueen’sfavour，oldSirFrancisKnowles，ComptrolleroftheHouse，andSirHenryNorris，whomshehadcalledupatParliamenttositwiththePeersinthehigherHouse，as，HenryNorrisofRycot，whohadmarriedthedaughterandheiroftheoldHenryWilliamsofTayne，anobleperson，andtowhom，inheradversity，theQueenhadbeencommittedtohissafecustody，andfromhimhadreceivedmorethanordinaryobservances;

now，suchwasthegoodnessoftheQueen’snature，thatsheneitherforgotthegoodturnsreceivedfromtheLordWilliams，neitherwassheunmindfulofthisLordNorris，whosefather，inherfather’stime，andinthebusinessofherbrother，diedinanoblecause，andinthejustificationofherinnocency。

NORRIS。

MyLordNorrishad，bythislady，anaptissue，whichtheQueenhighlyrespected，forhehadsixsons，andallmartialandbravemen：thefirstwasWilliam，theeldest，andfathertothelateEarlofBerkshire，SirJohn（vulgarlycalledGeneralNorris），SirEdward，SirThomas，SirHenry，andMaximilian，menofhaughtycourage，andofgreatexperienceintheconductofmilitaryaffairs;and，tospeakinthecharacteroftheirmerit，theywerepersonsofsuchrenownandworthasfuturetimesmust，ofduty，owethemthedebtofanhonourablememory。

KNOWLES。

SirFrancisKnowleswassomewhatnearintheQueen’saffinity，andhadlikewisenoincompetentissue;forhehadalsoWilliam，hiseldestson，andsinceEarlofBanbury，SirThomas，SirRobert，andSirFrancis，ifIbenotalittlemistakenintheirnamesandmarshalling;andtherewasalsotheLadyLettice，asisterofthose，whowasfirstCountessofEssex，andafterofLeicester;andthosewerealsobravemenintheirtimesandplaces，buttheywereoftheCourtandcarpet，andnotbythegeniusofthecamp。

Betweenthesetwofamiliestherewas，asitfallethoutamongstgreatonesandcompetitorsoffavour，nogreatcorrespondency;andthereweresomeseeds，eitherofemulationordistrust，castbetweenthem;which，hadtheynotbeendisjoinedintheresidenceoftheirpersons，asthatwasthefortuneoftheiremployments，theonesideattendingtheCourt，andtheotherthePavilion，surelytheywouldhavebrokenoutintosomekindofhostility，or，atleast，theywouldentwineandwrestleoneintheother，liketreescircledwithivy;fortherewasatimewhen，boththesefraternitiesbeingmetatCourt，therepassedachallengebetweenthematcertainexercises，theQueenandtheoldmenbeingspectators，whichendedinaflatquarrelamongstthemall。ForIampersuaded，thoughIoughtnottojudge，thatthereweresomerelicsofthisfeignedthatwerelongafterthecausesoftheonefamily’salmostutterextirpation，andtheother’simprosperity;foritwasaknowntruththatsolongasmyLordofLeicesterlived，whowasthemainpillarontheoneside，forhavingmarriedthesister，theothersidetooknodeeprootintheCourt，thoughotherwisetheymadetheirwaystohonourbytheirswords。Andthatwhichisofmorenote，consideringmyLordofLeicester’suseofmenofwar，beingshortlyaftersentGovernortotherevoltedStates，andnosoldierhimself，isthathemadenomoreaccountofSirJohnNorris，asoldier，thendeservedlyfamous，andtrainedfromapageunderthedisciplineofthegreatestcaptaininChristendom，theAdmiralCastilliau，andofcommandintheFrenchandDutchWarsalmosttwentyyears。AnditisoffurtherobservationthatmyLordofEssex，afterLeicester’sdecease，thoughaddictedtoarmsandhonouredbythegeneralinthePortugalexpedition，whetheroutofinstigation，asithathbeenthought，oroutofambitionandjealousy，eclipsedbythefameandsplendourofthisgreatcommander，neverlovedhiminsincerity。

Moreover，andcertainitis，henotonlycrushed，anduponalloccasionsquelledtheyouthofthisgreatmanandhisfamousbrethren，buttherewithdrewonhisownfatalend，byundertakingtheIrishactioninatimewhenhelefttheCourtemptyoffriends，andfull-fraughtwithhisprofessedenemies。ButIforbeartoextendmyselfinanyfurtherrelationuponthissubject，ashavinglostsomenotesoftruthinthesetwonobles，whichIwouldpresent;

andtherewithtouchedsomewhat，whichIwouldnot，iftheequityofthenarrationwouldhavepermittedanyomission。

PERROT。

SirJohnPerrotwasagoodlygentleman，andofthesword;andhewasofaveryancientdescent，asanheirtomanysubtractsofgentry，especiallyfromGuydeBrainofLawhorn;sowasheofaveryvastestate，andcamenottoCourtforwantandtotheseadvancements。

Hehadtheendowmentsofcarriageandheightofspirit，hadhealightedonthealloyandtemperofdiscretion;thedefectwhereof，withanativefreedomandboldnessofspeech，drewhimontoacloudedsitting，andlaidhimopentothespleenandadvantageofhisenemies，ofwhomSirChristopherHattonwasprofessed。Hewasyetawisemanandabravecourtier，butroughandparticipatingmoreofactivethansedentarymotions，asbeinginhisinstillationdestinedforarms。Thereisaqueryofsomedenotations，howhecametoreceivethefoil，andthatinthecatastrophe？forhewasstrengthenedwithhonourablealliancesandtheprimefriendshipinCourtofmyLordsofLeicesterandBurleigh，bothhiscontemporariesandfamiliars;butthattheremightbe（astheadagehathit）

falsityinfriendship：andwemayrestsatisfiedthatthereisnodisputeagainstfate，andtheyquithimforapersonthatlovedtostandtoomuchaloneonhislegs，oftoooftenregressanddiscontinuancefromtheQueen’spresence，afaultwhichisincompatiblewiththewaysofCourtandfavour。HewassentLord-

DeputyintoIreland，asitwasthenapprehended，forakindofhaughtinessandrepugnancyinCouncil;or，asothershavethought，thefittestpersonthentobridletheinsolencesoftheIrish;andprobableitisthatboth，consideringtheswaythathewouldhaveattheBoard，beingheadintheQueen’sfavour，concurred，anddidalikeconspirehisremoveandruin。ButintoIrelandhewent，wherehedidtheQueenverygreatandmanyservices，ifthesurplusageofthemeasuredidnotabatethevalueofthemerit，asafter-timefoundtobenoparadoxtosavetheQueen’spurse，butbothherselfandmyLordTreasurerBurleighevertookforgoodservice;heimposedontheIrishthechargeforbearingtheirownarms，whichbothgavethemthepossessionandtaughtthemtheuseofweapons;

whichprovidedintheendtoamostfatalwork，bothintheprofusionofbloodandtreasure。

Butathisreturn，anduponsomeaccountsenthomebefore，touchingthestateofthatkingdom，theQueenpouredoutassiduoustestimoniesofhergracetowardshim，till，byhisretreattohisCastleofCary，whichhewasthenbuilding，andoutofadesiretobeincommandathomeashehadbeenabroad，togetherwiththehatredandpracticeofHatton，theninhighfavour，whomhehad，notlongbefore，bitterlytauntedforhisdancing，hewasaccusedforhightreason，andforhighwords，andaforgedletter，andcondemned;thoughtheQueen，onthenewsofhiscondemnation，swore，byherwontedoath，thatthejurywereallknaves：andtheydelivereditwithassurancethat，onhisreturntothetownafterhistrial，hesaid，withoathsandwithfury，totheLieutenant，SirOwenHopton，\"What！willtheQueensufferherbrothertobeofferedupasasacrificetotheenvyofmyflatteringadversaries？\"WhichbeingmadeknowntotheQueen，andsomewhatenforced，sherefusedtosignit，andsworeheshouldnotdie，forhewasanhonestandfaithfulman。Andsurely，thoughnotaltogethertosetourrestandfaithupontraditionandoldreports，asthatSirThomasPerrot，hisfather，wasagentlemanofthePrivyChamber，andintheCourtmarriedtoaladyofgreathonour，whicharepresumptionsinsomeimplications;but，ifwegoalittlefurtherandcomparehispictures，hisqualities，gesture，andvoice，withthatoftheKing，whichmemoryretainsyetamongstus，theywillpleadstronglythathewasasurreptitiouschildofthebloodroyal。

CertainitisthathelivednotlongintheTower;andthatafterhisdecease，SirThomasPerrot，hisson，thenofnomeanesteemwiththeQueen，havingbeforemarriedmyLordofEssex’ssister，sinceCountessofNorthumberland，hadrestitutionofhisland;thoughafterhisdeathalso（whichimmediatelyfollowed）theCrownresumedtheestate，andtookadvantageoftheformerattainder;and，tosaythetruth，thepriest’sforgedletterwas，athisarraignment，thoughtbutasafictionofenvy，andwassoonafterexplodedbythepriest’sownconfession。ButthatwhichmostexasperatedtheQueenandgaveadvantagetohisenemieswas，asSirWalterRaleightakesintoobservation，wordsofdisdain，fortheQueen，bysharpandreprehensiveletters，hadnettledhim;andthereupon，sendingothersofapprobation，commendinghisservice，andintimatinganinvasionfromSpain;whichwasnosoonerproposedbuthesaidpublicly，inthegreatchamberatDublin：——\"Lo，nowsheisreadyto**herselfforfearoftheSpaniards：Iamagainoneofherwhiteboys，\"whicharesubjecttoavariousconstruction，andtendedtosomedisreputationofhisSovereign，andsuchasmayserveforinstructiontopersonsinplaceofhonourandcommand，tobewareoftheviolencesofNature，andespeciallytheexorbitanceofthetongue。AndsoIconcludehimwiththisdoubleobservation：theone，oftheinnocencyofhisintentions，exemptandclearfromtheguiltoftreasonanddisloyalty，thereforeofthegreatnessofhisheart;forathisarraignmenthewassolittledejectedwithwhatmightbealleged，thatratherhegrewtroubledwithcholer，and，inakindofexasperation，hedespisedhisjury，thoughoftheOrderofKnighthood，andoftheespecialgentry，claimingtheprivilegeoftrialbythepeersandbaronageoftherealm，soprevalentwasthatofhisnativegeniusandhaughtinessofspiritwhichaccompaniedhimtothelast，andtill，withoutanydiminutionofchangetherein，itbrokeinpiecesthecordsofhismagnanimity;forhediedsuddenlyintheTower，andwhenitwasthoughttheQueendidintendhisenlargement，withtherestitutionofhispossessions，whichwerethenverygreat，andcomparabletomostofthenobility。

HATTON。

SirChristopherHattoncametotheCourtashisopposite;SirJohnPerrotwaswonttosay，bythegalliard，forhecamethitherasaprivategentlemanoftheInnsofCourt，inamasque：and，forhisactivityandperson，whichwastallandproportionable，takenintoherfavour。HewasfirstmadeVice-Chamberlain，and，shortlyafter，advancedtotheplaceofLordChancellor。Agentlemanthat，besidesthegracesofhispersonanddancing，hadalsotheendowmentofastrongandsubtlecapacity，andthatcouldsoonlearnthedisciplineandgarb，bothofthetimesandCourt;andthetruthis，hehadalargeproportionofgiftsandendowments，buttoomuchoftheseasonofenvy;andhewasamerevegetableoftheCourtthatsprungupatnightandsunkagainathisnoon。

\"Flosnonmentorum，sedsexfuitillavirorum。\"

EFFINGHAM。

MyLordofEffingham，thoughacourtierbetimes，yetIfindnotthatthesunshineofhisfavourbrokeoutuponhimuntilshetookhimintotheshipandmadehimHighAdmiralofEngland。Forhisextract，itmightsufficethathewasthesonofaHoward，andofaDukeofNorfolk。

And，forhisperson，asgoodlyagentlemanasthetimeshadany，ifNaturehadnotbeenmoreintentivetocompletehisperson，thanFortunetomakehimrich;for，thetimesconsidered，whichwerethenactive，andalongtimeafterlucrative，hediednotwealthy;yetthehonesterman，thoughitseemstheQueen’spurposewastorendertheoccasionofhisadvancement，andtomakehimcapableofmorehonour。AthisreturnfromtheCadizvoyageandaction，sheconferredituponhim，creatinghimEarlofNottingham，tothegreatdiscontentofhiscolleague，myLordofEssex，whothengrewexcessiveintheappetiteofherfavour，andthetruthis，soexorbitantinthelimitationofthesovereignaspect，thatitmuchalienatedtheQueen’sgracefromhim，anddrewotherstogetherwiththeAdmiraltoacombination，toconspirehisruin;andthough，asI

havehearditfromthatparty（ImeantheoldAdmiral’sfaction）

thatitlaynotinhisproperpowertohurtmyLordEssex，yethehadmorefellows，andsuchaswerewellskilledinthesettingofthetrain;butIleavethistothoseofanotherage;itisoutofdoubtthattheAdmiralwasagood，honest，andbraveman，andafaithfulservanttohismistress;andsuchaoneastheQueen，outofherownprincelyjudgment，knewtobeafitinstrumentinherservice，forshewasaproficientinthereadingofmenaswellasbooks;andassundryexpeditions，asthataforementioned，and’88，dobetterexpresshisworthandmanifesttheQueen’strust，andtheopinionshehadofhisfidelityandconduct。