第2章

Inallreferencestothefruitofthisspeciesitisdescribedas\"ovalandgreen,\"exceptinIvesReport,whereDr。EngelmanndescribesitsrealcharacterastheordinaryfruitofEumamillaria。Theimmaturefruitis\"ovalandgreen,\"butwithmaturityitbecomesclavateandscarlet。TheUtahspecimensofParryshowanexceptionalcharacterintheir30to33scabrousradialspines,butotherwisetheyarequitenormal。M。

microcarpaEngelm。,Emory’sRep。156。f。3,shouldbedroppedasasynonymofthisspecies,atleastastofigureanddescription。

InallprobabilityC。grahamiisoneoftheformsoftheMexicanC。schelhasii(Pfeiff。)。ExceptthatinC。grahamitheradialspinesareapttobemorenumerousandlonger,andthecentralsmuchdarker;andinC。schelhasiithe3centralsseemtobealwayspresentandsometimesallhooked,thedescriptionssuggestnodifference。Intheabsenceofauthenticspecimensofthelatterspecies,however,andwithitsfruitandseedentirelyunknown,suchareferenceofC。grahamimustbedeferred。

20。Cactusbocasanus(Poselger)。

MamillariabocasanaPoselger,Gart。Zeit。94(1853)。

Depressed-globose,2to3cm。high:tubercles8mm。long,withlongaxillarywool:radialspines25to30,whiteandcapillary,10to25mm。long;centralspines2to4,slenderandnaked(orslightlypuberulent),themostcentralonehooked(usuallyupwards),15to25mm。long,theupper1to3shorterandstraight,allyellowwithredtips,thehookedoneoftenbrownish-rednearlytothebase:flowersunknown:fruitgreen,about4mm。long:seedscinnamon-brown,oblique,broadlyobovate,withnarrowlyovatebasalhilum。Typeunknown。

SanLuisPotosi,sofarasknown。Poselgersays,\"Texas,aufderSeiradeBocas,amongrocks,\"whichstationwehavebeenunabletolocate。

Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Eschanzierof1891):alsospecimenscultivatedinHort。Pfersdorffin1869;inMo。Bot。

Gard。in1891;alsogrowinginMo。Bot。Gard。1893。

Thecapillaryradialsgivetheplantawhite-woollyappearance。

Theyoungerspinesatthevertexareerectandtufted。ItresemblesC。grahami,butthetuberclesaremuchmoreslenderandnotthickenedatbase,allthespinesaremoreslender,thecentralhookedoneismorereddish,andthefruitismuchshorter。

21。Cactuseschanzieri,sp。nov。

Depressed-globose,3cm。indiameter,simple:tuberclesbroaderatbase,6to8mm。long,withnakedaxils:spinesallpubescent;

radials15to20,withduskytips,thelateral10to12mm。long,thelowerweaker,shorterandcurved,theuppershorter;solitarycentralspinereddish,slender,somewhattwisted,usuallyhookedupwards,15to25mm。long:flowersred(?):fruitreddish(?),ovate,about10mm,long:seedsreddish,oblique-obovate,1。2mm。

long,pitted,withsubventralhilum。TypeinHerb。Coulter。

SanLuisPotosi。

Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Eschanzierof1891)。

ResemblesC。grahami,butwithfewerandmoreslenderpubescentspines,longerandlessrigidcentral,moreexsertedfruit,andmuchlargerreddishandstronglypittedseedswithsubventralhilum。

22。Cactustetrancistrus(Engelm。)。

MamillariatetrancistraEngelm。Am。Jour。Sci。II。xiv。337

(1852),inpart。

MamillariaphellospermaEngelm。Syn。Cact。262(1856)。

CactuspellospermusKuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261(1891)。

Ovateorovate-cylindrical,5to25cm。high,3。5to7。5cm。indiameter,simpleorrarelybranchingatbase:tuberclesovate-cylindrical,8to14mm。long,withaxillarybristle-bearingwool,atlengthnaked:radialspines30to60,intwoseries,theexteriorbristle-like,shorterandwhite,theinteriorstouter,longeranddusky-tippedorpurplish;centralspines3or4,stouter,longer,brownorblackishfromapalerbase,theupper2or3(10to14mm。long)straight,oroneortwoorevenallhooked,thelowerstouterandlonger(12to18

mm。),hookedupwards:flowersabout2。5cm。long:fruit1to2。5

cm。long:seedslarge(1。2to1。5mm。indiameter),globoseandwrinkled,partlyimmersedinabrownspongyorcorkycup-shaped3-lobedappendage。(Ill。Cact。Mex。Bound。t。7)Type,Parryof1850,butmodifiedbyLeConte14andBigelowof1854,allinHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。

Gravellysoilandsandystream-banks,fromtheeasternslopesofthemountainsofsouthernCalifornia,throughoutwesternArizonaandsouthernNevadatosouthernUtah;referredalsoto\"N。W。

Mexico\"byHemsley(Biol。Centr-Amer。)。

Specimensexamined:California(Parryof1850;Newberryof1858;

Parishof1882):Arizona(LeConte14;Bigelowof1854;Dr。Loewof1875:alsoPalmerof1870,butwithnolocality。

IntheoriginaldescriptionthisspecieswasconfoundedwithC。

grahami,withwhichitgrowsandwhichitmuchresembles;andthis,togetherwiththefactthat4centralhookedspinesareseldomfound,inducedDr。Engelmann(Syn。Cact。262)toproposethemoreappropriatebutuntenablenameM。phellosperma。TheresemblancetoC。grahamiisnotsocloseasgeneralappearancewouldindicate,asthemoreoblongorcylindricalform,longerandlesscrowdedtubercles,morenumerousspines,oftenmorethanonehookedcentral,largeseeds,andremarkableseedappendagesservewelltodistinguishit。

++Plantswithfasciculateslendercylindricalstems(30to45

cm。high,and2。5to6cm。indiameter):LowerCalifornian。

23。Cactusroseanus(Brandegee)。

MamillarialongihamataEngelm。Mss。

MamillariaroseanaBrandegee,Zoe,ii。19(1891)。

Fasciculatelybranchedatbase,thestems30to45cm。long(sometimespendentfromrocksandasmuchas200cm。long)and2。5to5cm。indiameter,thewholeplantglaucous:tubercleselongated-conical,ascending,10to12mm。long,withwoollyaxils:radialspines7to10,straight,rigidandsharp,9to15

mm。long,darkreddishwhenyoung,becomingashy,theupperonesthelonger;thesolitarycentralmuchlonger(20to30mm。),almostblackbelowandwithreddishtip,becomingashywithage,usuallyhookeddownwards:flowersnumerous,2。5to3。5cm。long,brightscarlet:fruitobovatetoglobose,scarlet,6to9mm。indiameter,fleshy:seedsblackandpitted。TypeinHerb。Calif。

Acad。

ApparentlycommonatlowelevationsthroughoutsouthernLowerCalifornia,especiallytheeasternside。

Specimensexamined:LowerCalifornia(W。M。Gabb17of1867,nearLoreto;Brandegeeof1889,atSanGregorio;Palmer139of1890,nearLaPaz;Palmer880of1890,onCarmenIsland;Brandegee241

of1890,atRanchoColorado)。

OneofthemostshowyspeciesofLowerCalifornia。TheplanthastheappearanceofaCoryphanth,andisremarkableforitstallandslenderhabit,itslargecentralhooks,anditsglobosefruit。Since1867thisspecieshasbeeninHerb。Engelmann,fullycharacterizedasaboveundertheveryappropriatespecificnamelongihamatus。

24。Cactussetispinus,sp。nov。

MamillariaSetispinaEngelm。Mss。

Fasciculateandascending,simpleorbranchedatbase,thestemsabout30cm。highand3to6cm。indiameter,denselycoveredwithremarkablylongstoutspines:tuberclesshortandbroadlyconical,withaxillarywool:spineswhite。withblacktips;

radials10to12,widelyspreading,veryunequal,10to34mm。

long,slenderandflexuous;centralspines1to4,morerigidandmuchlonger(20to50mm。),theupperonesstraight,thelowestonelongestandhooked(usuallyupwards)andoftenvariouslycurvedandtwisted:fruitobovateandscarlet30mm。long:seeds,blackandpitted。Type,Gabb15inHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。

Rockyorgravellysoil,SanJulioCanyon。andinthevicinityofSanBorgia,LowerCalifornia。

Specimensexamined:LowerCalifornia(W。M。Gabb15of1867,atSanBorgia;Brandegeeof1889,fromSanBorgiaandSanJulioCanyon)。

InhisnotesMr。Gabbdescribesthefloweras\"large,3to3。5

incheslong,bell-shaped,ofabeautifulpurplishredcolor,\"

concerningwhichDr。Engelmannremarks\"thiswouldindicateaCoryphanth,butthetuberclesshownotraceofagroove,and,moreover,awitheredremnantofaflowerlaterallyattached(say18to20mm。long),sothatIhavenodoubtthatMr。Gabb’sstatementisfoundedonsomeerror。\"ItisveryprobablethattheflowersarescarletandlargerthanDr。Engelmannsuggests。

ThespeciesiscloselyalliedtoC。roseanus,butdiffersinitsshortertuberclesandmuchlongerspines。Aboutadozenstemsriseinaclump,aboutafoothigh,coveringanareaof2or3

feet。ThesetwospeciesrepresentaverydistinctLowerCaliforniangroupofcylindricalandhookedEumamillarias。Bothprobablyhaveshowyscarletflowersandmayattainconsiderablelengthwhengrowinguponrockledgessoastobecomependent。

ThespecimensofC。setispinusfromSanJulioCanyonarefromyoungerpartsandshowbutasinglelongandhookedcentral。TheSanBorgiaspecimensshowmostly3or4centrals,thelowestonehookedandbecomingremarkablylongandoftenvariouslytwistedandcurved。However,Icandiscovernodifferenceexceptsuchasmaybeduetoage。

++Centralspinespresentandnothooked。

+Centralspinesmorethanone,longerthantheradials,whicharenumerous,whiteandslender(capillaryorbristle-like)

(rigidinC。Halei)。

25。Cactushalei(Brandegee)。

MamillariahaleiBrandegee,Proc。Calif。Acad。SciScr。2。ii。

161(1889)。

Stemscylindrical,8to10inaclump,about30cm。highand5to7。5cm。indiameter:tuberclesshort,withaxillarywool:radialspines10to22,rigidanderect-spreading,unequal,6to15mm。

long;centralspinesnumerousanderect-spreading,1to3ofthemverystoutandprominent(25to35mm。long);allthespinesstraight,atfirstreddish-brown,becomingyellowishandashy,moreorlessdark-tipped:flowers2。5cm。long,brightscarlet(almostthroughout):fruit12mm,long,clavateandred:seedsblackandpitted。(Ill。l。c。t。6)TypeinHerb。Calif。Acad。

AbundantonMagdalenaandSantaMargaritaIslands,westerncoastofLowerCalifornia。Fl。January。

Specimensexamined:LowerCalifornia(Brandegeeof1889,onMagdalenaIsland)。

Thetuberclesaresoclosetogetherthattheplantappearsthicklycoveredwiththeunusuallystoutanderect-spreadingstraightspines,afewofthecentralsbeingspeciallyprominent。

Theplantismoreslenderthantheordinary\"cylindrical\"

membersofthegenus,butstouterthantheslenderhookedformsoftheprecedingsection。

26。Cactusrhodanthus(Link&Otto)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261

(1891)。

MamillariarhodanthaLink&Otto,Icon。t。26(1828-31)

MamillarialaniferaHaw。Phil。Mag。lxiii。,41(),notSalm-Dyck(1850)。

Oblongorsubcylindric,30cm。ormorehigh,7。5to10cm。indiameter,oftenforkingfromthemiddle:tuberclesconical,12

mm。long,8mm。indiameter,withwoollyaxils:radialspines16

to20,bristle-like,white,thelowerlonger(8to10mm。);

centralspines6or7,rigid,whitishwithblacktip,12mm。

long:flowersrosecolor,12mm。indiameter:fruit2。5cm。long,cylindrical。(Ill。l。c。)Typeunknown。

ReferredtoMexicoingeneral,butreportedasyetfromSanLuisPotositosouthernMexico。Fl。profuselyallsummer。

Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Bourgeau47;Pringle3679;

Eschanzierof1891):alsogrowinginMo。Bot。Gard。1893。

ThespecimensofBourgeauandPringlehavesomewhatlargerspinesthanthetype,asindicatedbythedescription。

27。Cactusrhodanthussulphureospinus。

MamillariasulphureaForst。Handb。Cact。(1846),notCactussulphureusGill,(1830)。

MamillariarhodanthasulphureaSalm,Hurt。Cact。Dyck。11

(1850)。

Centralspinessulphur-yellow;otherwiselikethespecies。Typeunknown。

SanLuisPotosi。

Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Pfeiffer,withnonumberordate;Eschanzierof1891)。

Thevarietaldistinctionmaintainedseemsasmallone,butitisconstantandstriking,sofarascanbediscovered。

28。Cactuscapillaris。

MamillarialaniferaSalm,Cact。Hort。Dyck。98(1850),notHaw。

CactuslaniferusKuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。250(1891)。

Cylindricalanderect:tuberclescrowded,conical,glaucous,withaxillarybristles:radialspinescapillaryandverynumerous,whiteandcrisped,entirelycoveringtheplant;centralspines4

to6,rigid,straightandspreading,straw-colored,8to12mm。

long:flowersequalingthetubercles,theyellowpetalsstripedwithred:fruitunknown。Typeunknown。

ReferredtoMexicoingeneral,butdefinitelyknownonlyfromCoahuila。

Specimensexamined:Coahuila。(Palmerof1880)。

ThereisaconfusionofsynonymybetweenthisspeciesandC。

rhodanthus,bothhavingbeennamedMamillarialanifera。TheearlierM。laniferaofHaworth,however,isclearlyM。rhodanthaofLink&Otto;andalthoughPrinceSalm-Dyckrevivedthenameforthepresentspecies,thelawofhomonymswillnotpermitittostand。Thenameproposedreferstotheabundantdisplayofcapillaryradialspines,whichisprobablythemostnotablefeature。

29。Cactuspalmeri,sp。nov。

Cylindrical:tuberclescrowded,glaucous,cylindrical(somewhatbroadestabove),about4mm。long,withdenseaxillarywoolcontainingbristles:radialspines25to30,veryslenderandwhitebutrigid,about5mm。long,spreadingorsomewhatradiant,entangledwiththoseofneighboringtubercles,andsocoveringthewholeplant;centralspines3to5(usually4),morerobust,erectorslightlydivergent,brownishwithdarkertip,7to8mm。

long:flowerssmall:fruitclavateandscarlet:seedsblackandstronglypitted,0。5to0。8mm。indiameter。Type,Palmer921inU。S。Nat。Herb。

SanBenitoIsland,offthewestcoastoflowerCalifornia。

Specimensexamined:LowerCalifornia,SanBenitoIsland(Palmer921of1889,reportedasMamillariaGoodrichii)。

VerycloselyalliedtoC。capillarisofeasternMexico。

30。CactusstellatusWilld。Enum。Suppl。30(1813)。

CactuspusillusDC。Cat。Hort。Monsp。184(1813),notHaw。

(1803)。

MamillariapusillaDC。Prod。iii。459(1828)。

AverycommonWestIndianspecies,apparentlydifferingfromthevarietyonlyintheverymuchfewer(12to20)radialspines,althoughnumerousspecimens,bothdriedandliving,wereexaminedforadditionalcharacters。Thisdifference,however,issoconstantandstrikingthat,takentogetherwiththewidegeographicalseparation,itshouldstandasvarietal。

31。Cactusstellatustexanus(Engelm。)。

MamillariapusillatexanaEngelm。Syn。Cact。216(1856)。

MamillariatexanaYoung,Fl。Texas,279(1873)。

Ovate-globose,2。5to3cm。indiameter,2。5to6cm。high,proliferousandatlengthcespitose:tubercles7to9mm。long,thelongaxillarywoolintermixedwithseveralcoarsetwistedbristles:radialspinesverynumerous,inmanyseries,theouterones(30to50)capillary,white,elongatedandflexuousorcrisped(12to16mm,longwhenstraightened),theinnerones(10

to12)morerigid,shorter(6to8mm。),puberulent,whitishoryellowish,usuallydark-tipped;centralspines5to8,rigid,straight,pubescent,unequal,whitebelowandreddishordarkabove:flowers1。5to2cm。long,theyellowish-whitepetalswithreddishmedianband:fruit1。5to2cm。long:seedsblackandshining,conspicuouslypitted,1。2mm。long。(Ill。Cact。Mex。

Bound。t5。)Type,BigelowspecimensinHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。

FromthemouthoftheRioGrandetoElPaso,Tex。,andsouthwardintoCoahuilaandChihuahua。Fl。March-May。

Specimensexamined:Texas(Bigelowof1853;Nealleyof1892):

Coahuila(Bigelowof1853):alsogrowinginMo。Bot。Gard。1892

and1893。

Theexteriorcapillaryspinescoverthewholeplantaswithacoarsewool。

32。Cactuspringlei,sp。nov。

Globose(?),5cm。indiameter:tuberclesshort-conical,about6

mm。long,withverywoollyaxils:radialspines18to20,setaceous-bristlyandradiant,5to8min。long;centralspines5to7(usually6),stoutandhorny,moreorlessrecurved,spreading,20to25mm。long;allstraw-colored,butthecentralsdarker:flowersdeepred(darker,evenbrownish,outside),8to10mm。long:fruitunknown。Type,Pringleof1891inHerb。Gray。

SanLuisPotosi。

Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Pringleof1891)。

EvidentlyamemberoftheChrysacanthagroupandnearC。

rhodanthussulphureospinus,butdiffersinthemuchshortertubercles,straw-coloredspines,shorterradials,muchlongercentrals,andsmallerdarkerflowers。

33。Cactussphaerotrichus(Lem。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261

(1891)。

MamillariasphaerotrichaLem。Cact。33(1839)。

Depressed-globose:tuberclescylindrical,obtuse,withsomeaxillarybristles:radialspinesverymuchcrowded,exceedinglynumerous,radiant,veryslenderandbristle-like,white;centralspines6to10andevenmore,erectandmorerigid:flowerspalereddish:fruitunknown。Typeunknown。

ReferredtoMexicoingeneral,butreportedonlyfromSanLuisPotosi。

Specimensexamined:MexicanspecimensfromHort。Dyckin1857;

fromHort。Pfersdorffin1869;andgrowinginMo。Bot。Gard。1893

(frommaterialsentbyPringlefromSanLuisPotosi)。

++Thesinglecentralspineshorterthantheradials(inC。

longimammacentralsoftenmorethanoneandsomewhatlonger)。

34。Cactusgabbli,sp。nov。

MamillariagabbiiEngelmMss。

Globose,5to10cm。indiameter,simple:tuberclescylindrical,slender,12to14mm。long,withwoollyaxils:radialspinesabout13,5to8mm。long,loweroneslongerandstouter,especiallythelateralonespectinate;thecentralshorter,straight,androbust:flowerssmall,yellowish-red:fruitunknown。TypeinHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。

Amongrocks,fromSanIgnaciotoMissionSanFernando,LowerCalifornia,and\"perhapsfarthernorthintheinterior。\"

Specimensexamined:LowerCalifornia(W。M。Gabb19of1867)。

35。Cactussphaericus(Dietr。)Kuntze,Rev。GenPl。261(1891)。

MamillariasphaericaDietr。Allg。Gart。Zeitxxi。94(1853)。

Obovateorclavate,5cm。ormorehigh,proliferousandatlengthdenselycespitose:tubercleselongated-ovate,acutish,12to10

mm。longwithaxillarywool:radialspines12to14,setaceous,7

to9mm。long,bulbousatbase,straightorcurved,white;

centralspinestraight,subulate,somewhatshorter,butscarcelystouter:flowersyellow,3。5to5cm。long:fruitunknown。Typeunknown。

SandyridgesinthevalleyoftheRioGrande(bothsidesoftheriver),fromthemouthtoEaglePass。Fl。fromMarchthroughouttheseason。

Specimensexamined:Texas(Schottof1852):alsospecimenscultivatedinSt。Louisin1845and1861。

Dietrich’sdescriptionwastakenfromplantscollectedbyPoselgeratCorpusChristi。TheSchottspecimensarefromEaglePass。Dr。EngelmanncallsattentiontothefactthatthisspeciesapproachesCoryphanthainitsexsertedovaryandlargeflower,buttheflowersareclearlyfromthegrowthoftheprecedingseason。ThespeciesissaidtobetooneartheMexicanC。longimammaofcentralandsouthernMexico,butintheabsenceoftypespecimensofeitherthequestioncannotbesettled。TheusualcharacterizationofC。longimammaisasfollows,whichseemstomakeitdistinctenough:

36。Cactuslongimamma(DC。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。260(1891)。

MamillarialongimammaDC。Rev。Cact。113(1829)。

Ovateoratlengthcylindrical,simpleorcespitose:tuberclesoblong-ovate,largeatbase,4to5cm。long:radialspines7or8,radiantandequal,8to10mm。longormore,moreorlesspubescent;centralspines1to3,somewhatlongerandspreading:

flower4cm。long,becoming6cm。broadwhenfullyexpanded,yellow。(Ill。DC。Mem。Cact。t。5。)

II。CORYPHANTHA。Flowersfromthebaseofagrooveonyoungornascenttubercles(henceappearingterminal),mostlylarge:

spinesneverhooked(exceptinthedoubtfulC。brunneus)。

*Flowersyellow。

+Theoriginallycentralflowerspushedasidebythecontinuousdevelopmentofnewtubercles:usuallyasingleprominentcentralspine。

37。Cactusmissouriensis(Sweet)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。259

(1891)。

CactusmamillarisNutt。Gen。i。295(1818),notLinn。(1753)。

MamillariamissouriensisSweet,Hort。Brit。171(1827)。

MamillariasimplexTorr。&Gray,Fl。N。Am。i。553(1840)。

MamillarianuttalliiEngelm。Pl。Fendl。49(1849)。

MamillarianotesteiniiBritton,Bull。Torr。Bot。Club,xviii,367(1891)。

Globose,3。5cm。indiameter,simpleornearlyso:tuberclesovate-cylindrical,12to14mm。long,slightlygrooved:radialspines13to17,straight,whitish,setaceous,somewhatunequal,8to10mm。long;centralspinemorerobust,straightandporrect,puberulent,10to12mm。long,oftenwanting:flowersabout2。5cm。long,yelloworreddish:stigmas2to5:fruitglobose,scarlet,6to8mm。indiameter:seedsglobose,blackandpitted,0。8to1。1mm。indiameter。(Ill。Cact。Mex。Bound。

t。74。,f。6,seeds。)Typeunknown。

HighprairiesoftheUpperMissouri,fromMontanatoSouthDakotaandsouthwardthroughwesternNebraskatowesternKansasandtheeasternslopesofthemountainsofColorado。Fl。May。

Specimensexamined:Montana(Notesteinof1893):NationalPark(Tweedy423):SouthDakota,(collectorunknown,in1847,1848,1853):Nebraska(Haydenof1855)。

38。Cactusmissouriensissimilis(Engelm。)。

MamillariasimilisEngelm。Pl。Lindh。246(1845)。

MamillarianuttalliicaespitosaEngelm。Syn。Cact。265(1856)。

MamillariamissouriensiscaespitosaWatson,Bibl。Index,403(1878)。

Cespitose,with12to15puberulentradialspines,thecentralveryoftenwanting,largerflowers(2。5to5cm。long),fruitandseeds(1。6to2。2mm。indiameter),and5stigmas。(Ill。Cact。

Mex。Bound。t。74。f7,seeds)Type,Lindheimer,of1845(?)inHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。

FromtheKansasRiver,Kansas,andeasternColorado,southwardthroughOklahomatotheSanAntonioRiver,Texas。

Specimensexamined:Colorado(Greeneof1870):Kansas(Carleton551of1891,fromKingmanCounty,distributedasMamillariadasyacantha):Oklahoma(Carleton120of1891):Texas(Lindheimerof1845,1850;Wrightof1850;Reverchon725):alsospecimenscultivatedinGoebel’sGardenin1846;andinSt。Louisin1846,1847,1851。

Thecespitosemassesareoftenafootbroad。

39。Cactusmissouriensisrobustior(Engelm。)。

MamillariasimilisrobustiorEngelm。Pl。Lindh。200(1850)。

MamillarianuttalliirobustiorEngelm。andBigel。Pacif。R。

Rep。iv。28(1856)。

MamillariamissouriensisrobustiorWatson,Bibl。Index,440(1878)。

Almostsimple,withlongeraidloosertubercles,10to12stouterradialspines(6to16mm。long),asinglestoutcentral,largerflowers,and7or8stigmas。Type,Lindheimerof1845inHerb。

Mo。Bot。Gard。

FromsoutheasternColoradoandtheCanadianRiver(OklahomaandIndianTerritory),totheColoradoRiverofTexas。

Specimensexamined:Texas(Lindheimerof1845,1846;Bigelowof1853):alsospecimenscultivatedinSt。Louisin1847。

InBigelow’sspecimensthecentralspineismostlylacking。

40。Cactusscheerii(Muhlenpf。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261

(1891)。

MamillariascheeriiMuhlenpf。Allg。Gart。Zeit。xv。97(1847)。

MamillariascheeriivalidaEngelm。Syn。Cact。265(1856)。

Ovate-globose,7。5to17。5cm。high,7。5to12。5cm。indiameter,simpleorsparinglyproliferousatbase:tubercleslarge(2。5to3。5cm。long),fromabroadbaseandsuddenlycontractedandalmostcylindric(10to14mm。indiameter),deeplygrooved(1to5orbicularglandsinthegroove),distant,spreadingandascending,theloweronesshorter,moreconicalandsomewhatimbricated,withbroadaxilsandtheyoungerdenselywoolly:

radialspines6to16,straightorslightlycurved,stout,rigid,bulbousatbase,whitishoryellowish(sometimesreddish)withdarktip,the2to5lowerandlateralonesstouterandcompressed(18to30mm。long),the4to11upperonesweakerandterete(10to20mm。long);centralspines1to5,stoutandangled,20to36mm。long,,mostlyyellow(sometimesreddish),asingleoneverystoutandporrect:flowers5cm。long,yellow(sometimesreddishtinged):fruitovateorsubglobose,green:

seedslarge(3mm。long),flatandobovate,red。Typeunknown;

thatoftheoldvar。validaistheWrightmaterialinHerb。Mo。

Bot。Gard。

Sandyridges,southwesternTexas,fromEaglePassandheadoftheLimpiatoElPaso,andsouthwardintoChihuahua,Coahuila,andSanLuisPotosi;alsosouthernMexico(fideHemsley)。Fl。

July。

Specimensexamined:Texas(Wright416,478,of1851,1852;Evansof1891):SanLuisPotosi(Eschanzierof1891)。

Thevar。validawasdescribedbyDr。EngelmannwithouthavingseenC。scheerii,theonlyknowledgeofthatspeciesbeingobtainedfromthedescriptionofPrinceSalm-DyckinCact。Hort。

Dyck。,whichseemedtoindicateasmallerform,withfewerspinesthantheTexanform。However,whenvisitingthecollectionsofPrinceSalm-Dyck,Dr。EngelmannfoundoriginalspecimensofC。

scheeriiwhichwereexactlyhisvar。valida。SofarascollectionsshowtheTexanformseemstobemorerobustthantheMexican,butthematerialistooscantytojustifysuchageneralization。Dr。Engelmannspeaksofthisspeciesas\"astatelyplant,byfarthelargest,ofthenorthernMamillariae\"

Itstuberclesarebrightgreenandinbeautifulcontrastwiththeshowyyellowspines。

41。Cactusrobustispinus(Schott)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261

(1891)。

MamillariarobustispinaSchottinEngelm。Syn。Cact。265

(1856)。

Alargestoutplant,simpleorcespitose:tubercleslarge,subterete,nearly2。5cm。long(andaboutthesamedistancefromeachother):radialspines12to15,stoutandrigid,18to30

mm。long,theloweronesthestouter,moredusky,straightoroftencurveddownwards,theupperstraightandfascicled;thesolitarycentralspinestout,compressed,curveddownwards(occasionallyanadditionalstraighterupperone),notmuchlongerthantheradials,thebasenearly2mm。wide;allthespineshornyandblack-tipped;flowers3。5to5cm。longwithveryslenderandconstrictedtube,saffron-yellow:fruitgreenseedslarge(3to3。2mm,longand2mm。indiameter),obliquelyobovateandcurved,smoothandbrownish。(Ill。Cact。Mex。Bound。

t。74。fig。8,seeds)Type,SchottspecimensinHerb。Mo。Bot。

Gard。

\"OngrassyprairiesonthesouthsideoftheBabuquibariMountains,\"Sonora。Fl。July。

Specimensexamined:Sonora(Schottof1853-4)。

Dr。EngelmannremarksthattheseedsofthisspeciesarelargerthanthoseofanyotherMamillariaknowntohim。

42。Cactusrecurvatus(Engelm。)KuntzeRev。Gen。Pl。259(1891)。

MamillariarecurvispinaEngelm。Syn。Cact。265(1856),notVries。

MamillariarecurvataEngelm。Trans。St。LouisAcad。ii。

202(1863)。

Globoseordepressed-globose,7。5to20cm。indiameter,simple:

tuberclesovate,deeplygrooved,crowded,somewhatimbricate,10

to12mm。long:radialspines12to20,bulbousatbase,compressed,rigid,recurvedorflexuous,8to18mm。long,whitishorhorny,interwovenwithadjacentclusters;centralspinesolitary(sometimesanadditionalupperone),stouterandlonger(12to20mm。),dark,mostlystronglyrecurvedandappressed(rarelystraightish):flowersabout3。5cm。long,yellow(brownish-tingedoutside):fruitunknown。Type,SchottspecimensinHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。

FromSonoratosouthernMexico。Fl。June-August。

Specimensexamined:Sonora(Schottof1855)。

43。Cactussalm-dyckianus(Scheer)Kuntze。Rev。Gen。Pl。261

(1891)。

Mamillariasalm-dyckianaScheerinSalm,Cact。Hort。Dyck。134

(1850)。

Subglobose:tuberclesverybroadandretuse,almost2-partedbythetomentosegroove,withaxillaryfloccosewool:radialspines7or8,veryrigid,widelyradiant,somewhatcurved,3to3。5cm。

long,inoldertubercles3to6additionalslenderandstraightortwistedspines;thesolitarycentralspineverystout,erect,almost5cm。long:flowersandfruitunknown。Type:Scheersaysthatthisplant,broughtfromChihuahuabyPotts,\"unfortunatelyperished,\"andthedescriptionwasdrawnfromfragments,whichinthosedayswerenotapttobepreserved。

Chihuahua。

Specimensexamined:Chihuahua(\"Salmof1857\")。

ThespecimenreferredtoisinHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。,andrevealsnoadditionalcharacters;norcanthelabelbeinterpreted,exceptthatitindicatesthatthespecimenisfromplantscultivatedsuccessfullyinthegardensofPrinceSalm-Dyck。

++Flowerandfruitremainingcentralintheverywoollyvertexoftheplant。

++Centralspinesolitaryorwanting。

44。Cactuscompactus(Engelm。)KuntzeRev。Gen。Pl。260(1891)。

MamillariacompactaEngelm。Wisliz。Rep。21(1848)。

Depressed-globose,5to10cm。indiameter,simple:tuberclesshort-conical,crowded,8mm。long:radialspines13to16,rigid,recurvedandappressed,interwovenwithadjacentclusters,whitishorhorny,10to20mm。long;theerectcentralspineoftenwanting:flowers3to3。5cm。longandbroad,yellow(brownishwithout):fruitoval,green:seeds1。4mm。long,smoothandyellow。(Ill。Cact。Mex。Bound。t。74。fig。2,seeds)Type,Wislizenusof1846inHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。

MountainsofChihuahua。Fl。June-July。

Specimensexamined:Chihuahua(Wislizenusof1846):alsospecimenscultivatedinSt。Louisin1848,1850,1854。

45。Cactusradians。(DC。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261(1891)。

MamillariaradiansDC。Rev。Cact。111(1829)。

MamillariapectinataEngelmSyn。Cact。266(1856)。

Globose,3。5to7。5cm。indiameter,simple:tuberclesconical,froma4-angledbase,loweronesshort(4to6mm。),upperflower-bearingoneslonger(10to12mm。),tereteandgrooved:

radialspines16to24,somewhatrecurvedfromabulbouscompressedbase,stiffandpectinate,hornyorwhitish(atlengthashy),interwovenwithadjacentclusters,thoseonlowertuberclesaboutequal(6to10mm。),onflower-bearingtubercleselongated,mixedwithafewstouteronesandfasciculated(lowerones10to12mm。long,upperones12to18mm。longandforminganapicaltuft);centralsnone:flowersover5cm。longandabout6to7。5cm。indiameterwhenexpanded,brightsulphur-yellow:

fruitovateandgreen,about12mm。long:seedscompressed,brownishsmoothandshining,1。8mm。long。(Ill。Cact。Mex。

Bound。t。11)Typeunknown;thatofM。pectinataEngelm。istheWrightmaterialinHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。

ExtendingfromthehillsalongtheLowerPecostoElPaso,southwesternTexas,southwardthroughCoahuilaandSanLuisPotositosouthernMexico。

Specimensexamined:Texas(Wright226of1849,alsoof1852;

Evansof1891):Coahuila(Palmerof1880;Mrs。Nickels):SanLuisPotosi(Parry&Palmer265;Eschanzierof1891):alsospecimenscultivatedinSt。Louisin1853;inMo。Bot。Gard。in1892;andinHarv。BotGard。

EvenintheabsenceofthetypeIhaveventuredtoreferMamillariapectinataEngelm。tothisspecies。Dr。Engelmannhadconcludedthatthetwowere\"notsufficientlydistinct,\"andtheexaminationofMexicanformswhichpassasC。radiansabundantlyconfirmsthisconclusion。Besides,everycharacterintheoriginaldescriptionofC。radiansappliesexactlytotheseMexicanplantsandtoourTexanspecimensaswell。AsidefromthefactthattheMexicanspecimensareapttobemorerobust,I

candiscovernodifferencewhatever。FordiscussionofrelationshipsseeunderC。scolymoides。

46。Cactusradianspectenoides,var。nov。

Differsinitscespitosehabit,fewer(16or17)andstouterspines(8to9mm。long),anditslargerandlonger(10mm。)lessdeeplygroovedtubercles。TypeinHerb。Coulter。

SanLuisPotosi。

Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Eschanzierof1891)。

47。Cactuscorniferus(DC。)Kuntze,Rev。GenPl。260(1891)。

MamillariacorniferaDC。Rev。Cact。111(1829)。

MamillariaimpexicomaLem。Hort。Monov。Cult。5(1839)。

MamillariacorniferaimpexicomaSalm。Cact。Hort。Dyck。

20(1850)。

Globose,7。5cm。indiameter,simple:tuberclesoblong-ovate,2

cmlong,crowded,theyoungeraxilswoolly:radialspines15to26,rigidandhorny,curvedorsometimesstraight,reflexed,bulbousatbase,yellowish(whiterwithage)andwithdarktips,verysharp,10to12mm,long;thecentralonemuchstouter,darker,slightlydeflexed,12to16mmlong,sometimeswanting:

flowerunknown:fruitobovate,red,2cmlong:seedsreddish,angular,smooth,2mm。long。Typeunknown。

FromSanLuisPotositosouthernMexico。

Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Parryof1879;Eschanzierof1891):alsospecimenscultivatedinMo。Bot。Gard。in1892;

growinginsamegardenin1893。MamillariaimpexicomaLem。,afterwardsreducedtoavariety,wasbaseduponfewerradialspinesandnocentral。Asthecentralisoccasionallywantinginconnectionwiththemostnumerousradials,andpresentwiththefewest,suchaformwouldhavetobeseparatedsolelyontheabsenceofthecentralspine,andevenintheoriginaldescriptionofimpexicomathecentralspineisonlysaidtobe\"sometimeswanting。\"Ithasbeenimpossibleformetoseparatetheforms。Itshouldbesaidthatthefruitandseedcharactersgivenaboveweretakenfrontaspecimenwhosefewradialsandnocentralswouldundoubtedlyreferittoimpexicoma。AsyetweareignorantoftheflowerofC。corniferus。FordiscussionofrelationshipsseeunderC。scolymoides。

++Centralspines1to4。

48。Cactusscolymoides(Scheidw。)Kuntze。Rev。Gen。Pl。261

(1891)。

MamillariascolymoidesScheidwAllg。Gart。Zeit。ix。44

(1841)。

Globoseorovate,5to7。5cm。high。subsimple:tuberclesconical,10to16mm。long,theupperelongated,incurvedandimbricate:radialspines14to20,straightoroftenrecurved,whiteorhorny,10to20mm。long(theupperthelonger);centralspines1to4,longer(18to32mm。),moredusky,curved,theupperonesturnedupwardsandintermixedwiththeradials,theloweronestouter,longer,andcurveddownwards:flowers5cm。

long:fruitunknown。Typeunknown。

FromthePecosRiver,westernTexas,westwardintosouthernNewMexico,andsouthwardintoChihuahuaandSanLuisPotosi。

Specimensexamined:Texas(Haysof1858):NewMexico(Bigelowof1853):Chihuahua(Wislizenusof1846):alsospecimenscultivatedinSt。Louisin1858。

SpecimenscollectedbyMrs。AnnaBNickelsacrosstheRioGrandefromLaredo,Texas,andshowingneitherflowernorfruit,seemtointergradebetweenC。scolymoidesandC。scolymoidessulcatus。

Thehabitisthatoftheformer,thetuberclesarethoseofthelatter,whilethespinesaresomewhatdifferentfromeither。Thenumberofcentralspinesinthesespecimensisveryhardtodetermine,asontheadulttubercletheyallassumearadialposition。Theusualadultarrangementisanapparentabsenceofcentralspines;10to12rigid,spreadingandmoreorlessrecurvedradials(increasinginlengthfromthelowest),whicharemostlywhiteortheuppermoreorlessdusky;andabove,justbehindtheradialrow,2or3stoutrecurved-ascendingspines,whicharewhitewithtipsmoreorlessreddish-black,oneofthespinesusuallymuchstouterandlongerthantheothers。Thisformmayrepresentadistinctspecies,butitseemsveryunsafetoaddspeciestotheC。scolymoidesgroupwithoutthefullestinformation。

PrinceSalm-DyckrefersC。scolymoidesto\"M。daimonocerasLem。

Cact。gen。nov。,p。5,\"butnomentionofsuchanamecanbefoundintheworkreferredto。LabouretrefersC。corniferustothesamenameandreference。If\"M。daimonoceras\"wasanythingmorethanagardenorherbariumnameusedbyLemaireIhavebeenunabletofindit,andDr。Engelmann’snotesindicatethathissearchmetwiththesameresult。ItispossiblethatthenamewasappliedlooselytothisassemblageofcloselyrelatedformsthatseemtoclusteraboutC。corniferus。

Amostperplexingquestionofrelationshipispresentedbytheformsthathavebeencalledpectinatus,scolymoides,sulcatus(calcaratus),Echinus,andtheMexicanformsradians,impexicomus,corniferus。Itmaybethattheyareallmerelyvarietiesofonestrongpolymorphictype,butourknowledgeofcorniferusissoincomplete,andmaterialofotherformsissoscanty,thatIcannotventuretomakesuchanassertion。

However,itseemsprobablethatradians,pectinatus,scolymoides,sulcatusandEchinusallhavegreenfruit,whileinimpexicomusandcorniferusitisred。Ithasalsoseemedpropertomergeradiansandpectinatus,alsoimpexicomusandcorniferus,andtorefersulcatustoscolymoidesasavariety。Thesesevenformsarethusreducedatleasttofourspecies。

49。Cactusscolymoidessulcatus(Engelm。)。

MamillariasulcataEngelm。Pl。Lindh。246(1845),notPfeiff。

(1848)。

MamillariastrobiliformisMuhlenpf。Allg。Gart。Zeit。xvi。19

(1848),notScheer(1850)。

MamillariacalcarataEngelm。Pl。Lindh。195(1850)。

CactuscalcaratusKuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。259(1891)。

Differsinitssmallersize;proliferousandmuchmorecespitosehabit,thedilatedbaseofthemorespreadingtubercles,fewer(8

to12)radialspines,usuallyasinglecentralspine(wantinginyoungplants)andsomewhatlargerflowers。(Ill。Cact。Mex。

Bound。t。74。fig。1,seeds)Type,Lindheimerof1844inHerb。

Mo。Bot。Gard。

Texas,fromtheBrazostotheNueces。

Specimensexamined:Texas(Lindheimerof1844;Fendler34;Wrightof1850,1854,1857):alsospecimenscultivatedinSt。Louisin1845,1848,1853,1859。

Thisseemstorepresentthenortheasternextensionofthespecies,anddoubtlessitwillbefoundmergingintoitsouthandwestoftheNueces。Curiouslyenoughoneoftheprominentdistinctionsoriginallygivenwasthesinglecentralspine,whileinthetypespecimenthereoccurtubercleswithmorethanonecentral。

50。Cactusechinus(Engelm。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。260(1891)。

MamillariaechinusEngelm。Syn。Cact。267(1856)。

Globoseorsubconical,3。5to6。5cm。indiameter,simple:

tuberclesterete,conical,groovedabove,10to12mm。long:

radialspines16to30,pectinate,straightorlittlecurved,rigidandappressed(interwovenwithneighboringclusters),ashy-white(oftenduskyatapex),8to12mm。long,theuppermostlonger(12to20mm。);centralspines3or4,theupperonesturnedupwardandintermixedwiththeradials,theloweroneverystout,15mm。long,subulatefromaverythickbulbousbase,straight(rarelyslightlycurved)andporrect(deciduousinoldspecimens):flowers3to5cm。long:fruitoval,elongated,about2cm。long,green:seedselongated-obovate。brownandsmooth,about1。8mm。long。(Ill。Cact。Mex。Bound。t。10)Type,theWrightandBigelowspecimensinHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。

Onlimestonehills,fromthePecosRiver,southwesternTexas,andsouthernNewMexico,westwardtotheRioGrande(fromPresidiodelNortenorthward)。Fl。June。

Specimensexamined:Texas(Wrightof1849,1851,1852;Bigelowof1852;Engelmann,withnonumberordate;Evansof1891)。

Thecharacteristicappearanceoftheplantisgivenbytheverystoutandstraightcentralspinestandingineachclusterperpendiculartotheplantbody。Therangeofthisspecies,betweenthePecosandtheupperRioGrande,suggestsanotherseparatedgroup,suchasispresentedbyC。scolymoidessulcatustotheeast,betweentheBrazosandNueces。VeryfrequentlyspecimensofC。echinusoccurinwhichsomeofthetuberclesdonotdevelopcentralspines,andthenthespinecharactersresemblethoseofC。radians。InC。radians,also,anoccasionalporrectcentralspineisfound。TheseintergradingformsIhaveonlyseeninMexicanmaterial。FordiscussionofrelationshipsseeunderC。scolymoides。

**Flowersred。

+Centralspinesolitaryorsometimeswanting。

51。Cactusdasyacanthus(Engelm。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。259

(1891)。

MamillariadasyacanthaEngelm。Syn。Cact。268(1856)。

Subglobose,3。5to6。5cm。high,simple:tuberclesslenderandterete,spreading,lightlygroovedeventothebase,8to10mm,long:radialspines30to50,mostlyintwoseries,straightandlooselyspreading,theexteriorones(25to35)capillaryandwhite,6to18mm。long,theinteriorones(7to13)stiffer(setaceous),longeranddarkerandblack-tipped;thecentralspinestraightandporrect,12to20mm。long,oftenwanting:

flowerssmall,red:fruitovate,small(8to10mm。long?):seedsglobose-angled,almostblack,pitted,0。8to1。2mm。long(Ill。

Cact。Mex。Bound。t。12。figs。17-22)Type,Wright110inHerb。

Mo。BotGard。

FromEaglePass,Texas,westwardtoElPasoandsouthernNewMexico,andsouthwardintoChihuahua。

Specimensexamined:Texas(Wright110of1852):NewMexico(Vaseyof1881;Mearnsof1892,inBigHatchetMountains)Chihuahua(Pringle251of1885,inpart)。

Pringle251asdistributedtoNat。Herb。isC。tuberculosus。

52。Cactusmaculatus,sp。nov。

Obovate-cylindrical,6by8cm。,somewhatcespitose:tuberclesovate,terete,10mm。long,groovedtothebase,withnakedaxils:radialspines10or11,straightandspreading,rigid,blackish(becomingashywithage),black-tipped,12mm。long;

centralspinelarge,moreorlessspotted,erect,25to35mm。

long:flower13mm。long,pinkish:fruitunknown。TypeinHerb。

Coulter。

SanLuisPotosi。

Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Eschanzierof1891)。

SomewhatresemblesC。tuberculosusingeneralappearance,butverydifferentinspinecharacters。

53。Cactusbrunneus,sp。nov。

Obovate-cylindrical,3by6cm。,simple:tuberclesovate,groovedtothebase,5to6mm。long,withwoollyaxils:radialspines11

to15,spreading,ratherrigidandbrownish(lighterwithage),8

to10mm。long;centralspinemuchlarger,20mm,long,hooked:

flowerandfruitunknown。TypeinHerb。Coulter。

SanLuisPotosi。

Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Eschanzierof1891)。

++Centralspines3to12。

54。Cactusconoideus(DC。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。260(1891)。

MamillariaconoideaDC。Rev。Cact。112(1829)。

MamillariastrobiliformisEngelm。Wisliz。Rep。113(1848),notScheer(1850)。

Ovate-conical,3。5to10cm。high,4to7cm。indiameterbelow,withdenselywoollyvertex,simple:tuberclesconical,about12

mm,long,closelyappressed-imbricate(\"givingtheplanttheappearanceofapineappleorcone\"):radialspines10to16,ashytowhite,straightandstout,6to10mm。long,theupperlonger(10to15mm。);centralspines3to5,stouter,brownish-black,10to16mm。long,thetwoorthreesmalleroneserect-spreading,thesingleloweronemorerigid,porrectordeflexed,15to20

mm。long:flowers2to3cmlongandwide,deeppurple:fruitunknown。(Ill。DC。Mem。Cact。t。2)Typeunknown。

Onrocks,CoahuilaandNuevoLeontoSanLuisPotosiandsouthernMexico。

Specimensexamined:Coahuila(Palmer378of1882;Pringle3117of1890):NuevoLeon(Wislizenusof1847):SanLuisPotosi(Poselgerof1851;Eschanzierof1891)。

55。Cactuspotsii(Scheer)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261(1891)。

MamillariapotsiiScheerinSalmCact。Hort。Dyck。104(1850)。

Cylindrical,30to35cm。high,2。5to3cm。indiameter,somewhatbranching:tuberclesovate,obtuse,verylightlysulcate,withsomewhatwoollyaxils:radialspinesverynumerous(entirelycoveringthewholeplant),slenderandwhite;centralspines6to12,stouterfromabroadbase:flowerslarge,green,orreddish:fruitred。Typeunknown。

FromtheRioGranderegion,nearLaredo,Texas,toChihuahua。

Specimensexamined:Texas(Poselgerof1851):Chihuahua(specimensfromColl。Salm-Dyck。)。

56。Cactustuberculosus(Engelm。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261

(1891)。

MamillariastrobiliformisScheerinSalmCact。Hort。Dyck。104

(1850),notMuhlenpf。(1848),norEngelm。(1848)。

MamillariatuberculosaEngelm。Syn。Cact。268(1856)。

Ovatetocylindrical,5to15cm。high,2。5to5cm。indiameter,simpleorbranchingatbase:tuberclesshort-ovatefromabroadbase,5to6mm。long,deeplygrooved,crowdedandimbricate,atlengthcoveringtheolderpartsasnakedandgraycorkyprotuberances:radialspines20to30,slenderbutstiff,white,radiantandinterwovenwithadjacentclusters,4to8mm。long(uppermostrarely10to12mm。);centralspines5to9,stouter,purplishabove,theupperoneslonger,erect,10to14mm。long(sometimeseven16to18mm。),theloweroneshorter(6to8

mm。),stout,porrectordeflexed:flowersabout2。5cm。indiameter,palepurple:fruitoval,elongated(sometimesalmostcylindric),red,about18mm。long:seedssubglobose,brownandpitted,verysmall(0。8to1。2mm。long)。(Ill。Cact。Mex。

Bound。t。12。figs。1-16)TypeofScheer’sstrobiliformisisunknown;butthespecimensofPrinceSalm-DyckinHerb。Mo。Bot。

Gard。aremarked\"authentic\"byDr。Engelmann。TheWrightspecimensinthesameHerb,representthetypeofMtuberculosaEngelm。

FromthemountainsofextremesouthwesternTexas(commonwestofDevil’sRiver),southwardintoChihuahuaandCoahuila。Fl。

May-June。

Specimensexamined:Texas(Wright18,19,20,23,24,29,30,31,32,535,of1849and1852;Bigelowof1852;Engelmann,withnonumberordate;Evansof1891):Chihuahua(Pringle250,251inpart,and258of1885):Coahuila(Palmerof1880):alsospecimensfromColl。Salm。Dyckin1857;alsogrowinginMoBot。Gard。1893

(specimens,sentbyG。G。Briggsin1892fromElPaso,Texas。

TheidentificationofEngelmann’stuberculosawithScheer’sstrobiliformiswasmadebyDr。EngelmannhimselfuponanexaminationofScheer’stype。Theuseofthespecificnametuberculosaisnecessitatedbythelawofhomonyms,asstrobiliformishadbeenusedtwicealreadybeforeitwastakenupbyScheer。M。strobiliformisMuhlenpf。isC。scolymoidessulcatus;andM。strobiliformisEngelm。isC。conoideus。

57。CactusviviparusNutt。inFraser’sCat。(1813)。

MamillariaviviparaHaw。Syn。Succ。Suppl。72(1819)。

Lowanddepressed-globose,usuallyproliferousandcespitose(forminglargemasses),butsometimessimple:tuberclestereteandloose,lightlygrooved:radialspines12to20,stiffandwhite,oftendark-tipped,6to8mm。long;centralspinesusually4(sometimesless,oftenmore,evenasmanyas8),brownish,8to12mm。long,3spreadingupwards,theloweststouterandshorteranddeflexed:flowersabout3。5cm。long(largeforthesizeoftheplant)andevenbroaderwhenexpanded,brightpurple:stigmaspointedwithashortmucro:fruitoval,palegreen,juicy,12to18mm。long:seedsyellowish-brown,obliquelyobovateandcurvedaboutthesmallhilum,1。4to1。6mm。long)。(Ill。Cact。Mex。

Bound。t。74。fig。3,seeds)Typeunknown。

Onthenorthwesternplains,fromtheboundaryprovincesofBritishAmerica(westernManitoba,AssiniboiaandAlberta),andthroughouttheUpperMissouriregion,southwardthroughwesternNebraskatowesternKansasandtotheeasternfoothillsofcentralColorado。ItisalsomentionedbyHowell(Cat。ofOregon,WashingtonandIdahoplants),asoccurringbeyondtheRockyMountaindivideinIdahoandWashington,whichisprobable,butnospecimenshavebeenseen。

Specimensexamined:Montana(Hayden,nos。1854,1855;VernonBaileyof1890,nearBridger):Colorado(Haydenof1869):

Nebraska(Rydberg1379of1893,ThomasCo。):alsospecimenscultivatedinSt。Louisin1869;alsogrowinginMo。Bot。Gard。

1893。