Thebirthrateisloweredinquantitybythelackofhusbands，andloweredinqualitybothbythedestructionofsuperiorstock，andbythewidedisseminationofthosediseaseswhichinvariablyaccompanythewife—lessnessofthesegregatedmaleswhoaretoldofftoperformourmilitaryfunctions。
Theexternalhorrorsandwastesofwarfareweareallfamiliarwith;A。
Itarrestsindustryandallprogress。B。Itdestroysthefruitsofindustryandprogress。C。Itweakens，hurtsandkillsthecombatants。
D。Itlowersthestandardofthenon—combatants。Eventheconqueringnationisheavilyinjured;theconqueredsometimesexterminated，oratleastabsorbedbythevictor。
Thismasculineselectiveprocess，whenappliedtonations，doesnotproducethesameresultaswhenappliedtosingleopposinganimals。
WhenlittleGreecewasovercomeitdidnotprovethatthevictorsweresuperior，norpromotehumaninterestsinanyway;itinjuredthem。
The\"sternarbitramentofwar\"mayprovewhichoftwopeoplesisthebetterfighter，butftdoesnotproveitthereforthefittesttosurvive。
Beyondallthesemoreorlessobviousevils，comesafurtherresult，notenoughrecognized;thepsychiceffectsofmilitarystandardofthoughtandfeeling。
Rememberthatanandrocentricculturehasalwaysexempteditsownessentialactivitiesfromtherestraintsofethics，——\"All’sfairinloveandwar！\"Deceit，trickery，lying，everykindofskulkingunderhandefforttogetinformation;ceaselessendeavortooutwitandovercome\"theenemy\";besidesascrueltyanddestruction;arecharacteristicofthemilitaryprocess;aswellasthemuchpraisedvirtuesofcourage，enduranceandloyalty，personalandpublic。
Alsoclassedasavirtue，andunquestionablysuchfromthemilitarypointofview，isthatprimefactorinmakingandkeepinganarmy，obedience。
Seehowtheeffectofthisartificialmaintenanceofearlymentalattitudesactsonourlaterdevelopment。Truehumanprogressrequireselementsquiteotherthanthese。Ifsuccessfulwarfaremadeonenationunquestionedmasteroftheearthitssocialprogresswouldnotbepromotedbythatevent。TherudehordesofGenghisKhanswarmedoverAsiaandintoEurope，butremainedrudehordes;conquestisnotcivilization，noranypartofit。
Whenthenortherntribes—menoverwhelmedtheRomanculturetheyparalysedprogressforathousandyearsorso;setbacktheclockbythatmuch。SolongasallEuropewasatwar，solongtheartsandsciencessatstill，orstruggledinhidcornerstokeeptheirlightalive。
Whenwarfareitselfceases，thephysical，socialandpsychicresultsdonotcease。Ourwholecultureisstillhag—riddenbymilitaryideals。
Peacecongresseshavebeguntomeet，peacesocietieswriteandtalk，butthemonumentstosoldiersandsailors（navalsailorsofcourse），stillgoup，andthetinsoldierremainsapopulartoy。Wedonotseeboxesoftincarpentersbyanychance;tinfarmers，weavers，shoemakers;wedonotwriteour\"boysbooks\"abouttherealbenefactorsandserversofsociety;theadventureranddestroyerremainstheidolofanAndrocentricCulture。
Inpoliticsthemilitaryideal，themilitaryprocesses，aresopredominantastoalmostmonopolise\"thatpartofethics。\"Thescienceofgovernment，theplainwholesomebusinessofmanagingacommunityforitsowngood;doingitswork，advancingitsprosperity，improvingitsmorals——thisisfranklyunderstoodandacceptedasAFightfromstarttofinish。Marshallyourforcesandtrytogetin，thisisthepoliticalcampaign。Whenyouarein，fighttostayin，andtokeeptheotherfellowout。Fightforyourownhand，likeananimal;fightforyourmasterlikeanyhiredbravo;fightalwaysforsomedesired\"victory\"——and\"tothevictorsbelongthespoils。\"
Thisisnotbyanymeansthetruenatureofpolitics。Itisnotevenafairpictureofpoliticsto—day;inwhichman，thehumanbeing，isdoingnobleworkforhumanity;butitistheeffectofman，themale，onpolitics。
Life，tothe\"malemind\"（wehaveheardenoughofthe\"femalemind\"tousetheanalogue！）_is_afight，andhisancientmilitaryinstitutionsandprocesseskeepupthedelusion。
Asamatteroffactlifeisgrowth。Growthcomesnaturally，bymultiplicationofcells，andrequiresthreefactorstopromoteit;
nourishment，use，rest。Combatisaminorincidentoflife;belongingtolowlevels，andnotofadevelopinginfluencesocially。
Thescienceofpolitics，inacivilizedcommunity，shouldhavebythistimeafineaccumulationofsimplifiedknowledgefordiffusioninpublicschools;astoreofpracticalexperienceinhowtopromotesocialadvancementmostrapidly，aprogressiveeconomyandeaseofadministration，asimplicityintheoryandvisiblebenefitinpractice，suchasshouldmakeeverychildaneagerandserviceablecitizen。
Whatdowefind，hereinAmerica，inthefieldof\"politics？\"
Wefindfirstapartysystemwhichisthetechnicalarrangementtocarryonafight。Itisperfectlyconceivablethataflourishingdemocraticgovernmentbecarriedon_withoutanypartiesatall;_publicfunctionariesbeingelectedontheirmerits，andeachproposedmeasurejudgedonitsmerits;thoughthissoundsimpossibletotheandrocentricmind。
\"Therehasneverbeenademocracywithoutfactionsandparties！\"isprotested。
Therehasneverbeenademocracy，sofar——onlyanandrocracy。
Agroupcomposedofmalesalone，naturallydivides，opposes，fights;
evenamalechurch，underthemostrigidrule，hasitssecretundercurrentsofantagonism。
\"Itisthehumanheart！\"isagainprotested。No，notessentiallythehumanheart，butthemaleheart。Thisissowellrecognizedbymeningeneral，that，totheirminds，inthismingledfieldofpoliticsandwarfare，womenhavenoplace。
In\"civilizedwarfare\"theyare，itistrue，allowedtotrailalongandpracticetheirfemininefunctionofnursing;butthisisnopartofwarproper，itisratherthebeginningoftheendofwar。Sometimeitwillstrikeour\"funnyspot，\"thesestrenuouseffortstohurtanddestroy，andtheseaccompanyingeffortstohealandsave。
Butinourpoliticsthereisnotevenprovisionforanursingcorps;
womenareabsolutelyexcluded。
\"Theycannotplaythegame！\"criesthepracticalpolitician。Thereisloudtalkofthedefilement，the\"dirtypool\"anditsresultantdarkeningoffairreputations，thetotalunfitnessoflovelywomantotakepartin\"theroughandtumbleofpolitics。\"
Inotherwordsmenhavemadeahumaninstitutionintoanultra—masculineperformance;and，quiterightly，feelthatwomencouldnottakepartinpolitics_asmendo。_Thatitisnotnecessarytofulfillthishumancustominsomasculineawaydoesnotoccurtothem。Fewmencanoverlookthelimitationsoftheirsexandseethetruth;thatthisbusinessoftakingcareofourcommonaffairsisnotonlyequallyopentowomenandmen，butthatwomenaredistinctlyneededinit。
Anyonewilladmitthatagovernmentwhollyinthehandsofwomenwouldbehelpedbytheassistanceofmen;thatagynaecocracymust，ofitsownnature，beonesided。Yetitishardtowinreluctantadmissionoftheoppositefact;thatanandrocracymustofitsownnaturebeonesidedalso，andwouldbegreatlyimprovedbytheparticipationoftheothersex。
Theinextricableconfusionofpoliticsandwarfareispartofthestumblingblockinthemindsofmen。Astheyseeit，anationisprimarilyafightingorganization;anditsprincipalbusinessisoffensiveanddefensivewarfare;thereforetheultimatumwithwhichtheyopposethedemandforpoliticalequality——\"womencannotfight，thereforetheycannotvote。\"
Fighting，whenallissaid，istothemtherealbusinessoflife;nottobeabletofightistobequiteoutoftherunning;andabilitytosolveourgrowingmassofpublicproblems;questionsofhealth，ofeducation，ofmorals，ofeconomics;weighsnaughtagainsttheabilitytokill。
Thisnaiveassumptionofsupremevalueinaprocessneverofthefirstimportance;andincreasinglyinjuriousassocietyprogresses，wouldbelaughableifitwerenotforitsevileffects。Itactsandreactsuponustoourhurt。Positively，weseetheilleffectsalreadytouchedon;
theevilsnotonlyofactivewar;butofthespiritandmethodsofwar;
idealized，inculcatedandpracticedinothersocialprocesses。Ittendstomakeeachman—managednationanactualorpotentialfightingorganization，andtogiveus，insteadofcivilizedpeace，that\"balanceofpower\"whichislikethecountedtimeintheprizering——onlyarestbetweencombats。
Itleavestheweakernationstobe\"conquered\"and\"annexed\"justastheyusedtobe;withtariffsinsteadoftribute。Itforcesuponeachtheburdenofarmament;uponmanythedreadedconscription;andcontinuallylowerstheworld’sresourcesinmoneyandinlife。
Similarlyinpolitics，itaddstothelegitimateexpensesofgoverningtheillegitimateexpensesoffighting;andmustneedshavea\"spoilssystem\"bywhichtopayitsmercenaries。
Incarryingoutthepublicpoliciesthewheelsofstatearecontinuallycloggedbythe\"opposition;\"alwaysanoppositionononesideortheother;andthisslowwigglingunevenprogress，throughshornvictoriesandhagglingconcessions，isheldtobetheproperandonlypoliticalmethod。
\"Womendonotunderstandpolitics，\"wearetold;\"Womendonotcareforpolitics;\"\"Womenareunfittedforpolitics。\"
Itisfranklyinconceivable，fromtheandrocentricview—point，thatnationscanliveinpeacetogether，andbefriendlyandserviceableaspersonsare。Itisinconceivablealso，thatinthemanagementofanation，honesty，efficiency，wisdom，experienceandlovecouldworkoutgoodresultswithoutanyelementofcombat。
The\"ultimateresort\"isstilltoarms。\"Thewillofthemajority\"isonlyrespectedonaccountofthegunso？themajority。Wehavebutapartialcivilization，heavilymodifiedtosex——themalesex。
WOMANANDTHESTATE
[ADiscussionofPoliticalEqualityofMenandWomen。Tobereadinconnectionwithchapter12ofOurAndrocentricCulture。]
Herearetwovitalfactorsinhumanlife;oneaprimeessentialtoourexistence;theotheraprimeessentialtoourprogress。
Bothofthemweidealizeincertainlines，andexploitinothers。Bothofthemaremisinterpreted，balkedoftheirfullusefulness，andhumanitythusinjured。
Thehumanracedoesnotgetthebenefitofthefullpowersofwomen，norofthefullpowersofthestate。
Inallcivilizedracesto—daythereisawideandgrowingsenseofdiscontentamongwomen;acriticismoftheirassignedlimitations，andademandforlargerfreedomandopportunity。Underdifferentconditionsthedemandvaries;itishereforhighereducation，thereforjusticebeforethelaw;hereforeconomicindependence，andthereforpoliticalequality。
ThislastisatpresentthemostprominentIssueof\"thewomanquestion\"
inEnglandandAmerica，astheactivityofthe\"militantsuffragists\"
hasforceditupontheattentionoftheworld。
Thoughtfulpeopleingeneralarenowstudyingthispointmoreseriouslythaneverbefore，genuinelyanxioustoadopttherightside，andthereisanalarmeduprisingofsincereobjectiontothepoliticalequalityofwomen。
Wastingnotimeonignorance，prejudice，ortheresistanceofspecialinterests，letusfairlyfacethehonestopposition，anddoitjustice。
Theconservativepositionisthis：
Menandwomenhavedifferentspheresinlife。Tomenbelongthecreationandmanagementofthestate，andthefinancialmaintenanceofthehomeandfamily：
\"Towomenbelongthephysicalburdenofmaternity，andtheindustrialmanagementofthehomeandfamily;thesedutiesrequirealltheirtimeandstrength：
\"Theprosperityofthestatemaybesufficientlyconservedbymenalone;
theprosperityofthefamilyrequiresthepersonalpresenceandservicesofthemotherinthehome：ifwomenassumethecaresofthestate，thehomeandfamilywillsuffer：
Somegoevenfartherthanthis，andclaimanessentiallimitationin\"thefemalemind\"whichpreventsitfromgraspinglargepoliticalinterests;holding，therefore，thatifwomentookpartinstateaffairsitwouldbetothedetrimentofthecommunity：
Othersadvanceatheorythat\"society，\"inthespecialsense，isthetruesphereoflargerserviceforwomen，andthatthoseofthemnotexclusivelyconfinedto\"homeduties\"mayfindfulloccupationin\"socialduties，\"includingthetimehonoredfieldsof\"religion\"and\"charity\"：
Othersagainplacetheirmainrelianceonthestatementthat，astothesuffrage，\"womendonotwantit。\"
Letusconsiderthesepointsininverseorder，beginningwiththelastone。
Wewilladmitthatatpresentthemajorityofwomenarenotconsciouslydesirousofanyextensionoftheirpoliticalrightsandprivileges，butdenythatthisindifferenceisanyevidenceagainstthedesirabilityofsuchextension。
Ithaslongbeenacceptedthatthepositionofwomenisanindexofcivilization。Progressivepeopleareproudofthefreedomandhonorgiventheirwomen，andournationhonestlybelievesitselftheleaderinthisline。\"Americanwomenarethefreestintheworld！\"wesay;andboastofit。
Sincetheagitationforwomen’srightsbegan，manyconcessionshavebeenmadetofurtherimprovetheircondition。Men，seeingthejusticeofcertaindemands，havegrantedinmanystatessuchprivilegesasadmissiontoschools，colleges，universities，andspecialinstructionforprofessions;followedbyadmissiontothebar，thepulpit，andthepracticeofmedicine。Marriedwomen，inmanystates，havenowarighttotheirownearnings;andinafew，mothershaveanequalrightintheguardianshipoftheirchildren。
Weareproudandgladthatourwomenarefreetogounveiled，totravelalone，tochoosetheirownhusbands;weareproudandgladofeveryextensionofjusticealreadygrantedbymentowomen。
Now：——Haveanyoftheseconcessionsbeengrantedbecauseamajorityofwomenaskedforthem？Wasitadvancedinoppositiontoanyofthemthat\"womendidnotwantit？\"Haveasmanywomeneveraskedforthesethingsasarenowaskingfortheballot？Ifitwasdesirabletogranttheseotherrightsandprivilegeswithoutthedemandofamajority，whyisthedemandofamajorityrequiredbeforethisoneisgranted？
ThechildwidowsofIndiadidnotunitedlydemandtheabolitionofthe\"suttee。\"
ThetorturedgirlchildrenofChinadidnotriseinoverwhelmingmajoritytodemandfreefeet;yetsurelynoonewouldrefusetolifttheseburdensbecauseonlyaminorityofprogressivewomeninsistedonjustice。
Itisasociologicalimpossibilitythatamajorityofanunorganizedclassshoulduniteinconcerteddemandforaright，aduty，whichtheyhaveneverknown。
Thepointtobedecidediswhetherpoliticalequalityistotheadvantageofwomenandofthestate——notwhethereither，asabody，isaskingforit。
Nowforthe\"society\"theory。Thereisavenerablefictiontotheeffectthatwomenmake——andmanage，\"society。\"Nocarefulstudentofcomparativehistorycanholdthisbeliefforamoment。Whatevertheconditionsoftheageorplace;industrial，financial，religious，political，educational;theseconditionsareinthehandsofmen;andtheseconditionsdictatethe\"society\"ofthatageorplace。
\"Society\"inaconstitutionalmonarchyisonething;inaprimitivedespotismanother;amongmillionairesathird;butwomendonotmakethedespotism，themonarchy，orthemillions。Theytakesocialconditionsasprovidedbymen，preciselyastheytakeallotherconditionsattheirhands。Theydonotevenmodifyanexistingsocietytotheirowninterests，beingpowerlesstodoso。The\"doublestandardofmorals，\"
rulingeverywherein\"society，\"provesthis;asdoesthecomparativehelplessnessofwomentoenjoyevensocialentertainments，withouttheconstantattendanceandinvitationofmen。
Eveninitsgreatfunctionofexhibitionleadingtomarriage，itisthegirlswhoaretrainedandexhibited，underclosestsurveillance;whilethemenstrollinandout，tochoseatwill，undernosurveillancewhatever。
Thatwomen，otherwisepowerful，mayuse\"society\"tofurthertheirends，isastrueasthatmendo;andinEngland，wherewomen，throughtheirtitledandlandedposition，havealwayshadmorepoliticalpowerthanhere，\"society\"isaveryusefulvehiclefortheactivitiesofbothsexes。
But，inthemain，theopportunitiesof\"society\"towomen，aremerelyopportunitiestousetheir\"feminineinfluence\"inextradomesticlines——averyquestionableadvantagetothehomeandfamily，tomotherhood，towomen，ortothestate。
Inreligionwomenhavealwaysfilledandmorethanfilledtheplaceallowedthem。Needlesstosayitwasalowone。Thepowerofthechurch，itswholemanagementandemoluments，werealwaysinthehandsofmen，savewhentheLadyAbbessheldherpartialsway;buttheworkofthechurchhasalwaysbeenhelpedbywomen——themenhavepreachedandthewomenpractised！
Charity，asavocation，isdirectlyinlinewiththemotherinstinct，andhasalwaysappealedtowomen。Sincewehavelearnedhowinjurioustotruesocialdevelopmentthismistakenkindnessis，itmightalmostbeclassifiedasamorbidby—productofsuppressedfemininity！
Inpassingwemaynotethatcharityasavirtueisrankedhighestamongthosenationsandreligionswherewomenareheldlowest。WiththeMoslemsitisauniversallaw——andintheMoslemParadisetherearenowomen——savetheHouries！
Theplaygroundofaman—fenced\"society\";thework—groundofaman—taughtchurch;andthis\"osmosis\"ofsocialnutrition，thisleakageandseepageofvalueswhichshouldcirculatenormally，calledcharity;
thesearenotasufficientfieldfortheactivitiesofwomen。
Asforthoselimitationsofthe\"femininemind\"whichrenderherunfittoconsiderthevictuallageofanation，orthejusticeofataxonsugar;ithardlyseemsasifthechargeneedbetakenseriously。YetsoableawomanasMrs。HumphryWardhasrecentlyadvanceditinallearnestness。
Inherviewwomenarecapableofhandlingmunicipal，butnotstateaffairs。Sinceeventhiswasoncedeniedthem;andsince，inEngland，theyhavehadmunicipalsuffrageforsometime;itwouldseemasiftheirabilitiesgrewwithuse，asmostabilitiesdo;whichisintruththerealanswer。
Mostwomenspendtheirwholelives，andhavespenttheirwholelivesforuncountedgenerations，inthepersistentandexclusivecontemplationoftheirownfamilyaffairs。Theyarenear—sighted，ornear—minded，rather;thetroubleisnotwiththenatureoftheirminds，butwiththeuseofthem。
Ifmenasaclasshadbeenexclusivelyconfinedtotheoccupationofhouse—servicesincehistorybegan，theywouldbesimilarlyunlikelytomanifestanacutepoliticalintelligence。
WemayagreewithTennysonthat\"Womanisnotundevelopedman，butdiverse;\"thatis_women_arenotundeveloped_men;_butthefemininehalfofhumanityisundevelopedhuman。Theyhaveexercisedtheirfemininefunctions，butnottheirhuman—functions;atleastnottotheirfullextent。
Hereappearsadistinctionwhichneedstobewidelyappreciated。
Wearenotmerelymaleandfemale——allanimalsarethat——ourchiefdistinctionisthatofrace，ourhumanness。
Malecharacteristicswesharewithallmales，birdandbeast;femalecharacteristicswesharewithallfemales，similarly;buthumancharacteristicsbelongto_genushomo_alone;andarepossessedbybothsexes。Afemalehorseisjustasmuchahorseasamaleofherspecies;
afemalehumanbeingisjustashumanasthemaleofherspecies——oroughttobe！
Inthespecialfunctionsandrelationsofsexthereisnocontest，nopossiblerivalryorconfusion;butinthegeneralfunctionsofhumanitythereisgreatmisunderstanding。
Ourtroubleisthatwehavenotrecognizedthesehumanfunctionsassuch;butsupposedthemtobeexclusivelymasculine;and，actingunderthatidea，strovetopreventwomenfromanunnaturalimitationofmen。
Hencethisminortheoryofthelimitationsofthe\"femalemind。\"
Themindispre—eminentlyhuman。Thatdegreeofbraindevelopmentwhichdistinguishesourspecies，isahuman，notasexcharacteristic。
Theremaybe，hasbeen，andstillis，avastdifferenceinourtreatmentofthemindsofthetwosexes。Wehavegiventhemadifferenteducation，differentexercises，differentconditionsinallways。Butallthesedifferencesareexternal，andtheireffectdisappearswiththem。
The\"femalemind\"hasprovenitsidenticalcapacitywiththe\"malemind，\"_insofarasithasbeengivenidenticalconditions。_Itwilltakealongtime，however，beforeconditionsaresoidentical，forsuccessivegenerations，astogivethe\"femalemind\"afairchance。
Inthemeantime，consideringitstraditional，educationalandassociativedrawbacks，the\"femalemind\"hasmadearemarkablygoodshowing。
Thefieldofpoliticsisanunfortunateoneinwhichtourgethisallegedlimitation;becausepoliticsisoneofthefewfieldsinwhichsomewomenhavebeenrearedandexercisedunderequalconditionswithmen。
Wehavehadqueensaslongaswehavehadkings，perhapslonger;andhistorydoesnotshowthemalemind，inkings，tohavemanifestedanumericallyproportionatesuperiorityoverthefemalemind，inqueens。
Therehavebeenmorekingsthanqueens，buthavetherebeenmoregoodandgreatones，inproportion？
Evenonepracticalandefficientqueenisproofenoughthatbeingawomandoesnotprecludepoliticalcapacity。SinceEnglandhashadsuchanablequeenforsolong，andthatwithinMrs。HumphryWard’spersonalmemory，herpositionseemsfatuousintheextreme。
Ithasbeenadvancedthatgreatqueensowedtheirpowertotheassociationandadviceofthenobleandhigh—mindedmenwhosurroundedthem;and，further，thatthepoorshowingmadebymanykings，wasduetotheassociationandviceofthebaseandlow—mindedwomenwhosurroundedthem。
Thisisaparticularlypusillanimousclaiminthefirstplace;isnotprovableinthesecondplace;and，ifitweretrue，opensupaveryprettyfieldofstudyinthethirdplace。Itwouldseemtoprove，ifitprovesanything，thatmenarenotfittobetrustedwithpoliticalpoweronaccountofanalarmingaffinityfortheworstofwomen;and，conversely，thatwomen，ascommandingtheassistanceofthebestofmen，arevisiblytherightrulers！Alsoitopensapleasantsidelightonthatoft—recommendedtool——\"feminineinfluence。\"
Wenowcometoouropeningobjection;thatsocietyandstate，home，andfamily，arebestservedbythepresentdivisionofinterests：anditscorollary，thatifwomenenlargethatfieldofinterestitwouldreducetheirusefulnessintheirpresentsphere。
Thecorollaryiseasilyremoved。Wearenowonthebroadgroundofestablishedfacts;ofhistory，recent，butstillachieved。
Womenhavehadequalpoliticalrightswithmeninseveralplaces，forconsiderableperiodsoftime。InWyoming，tocomenearhome，theyhaveenjoyedthisstatusformorethanageneration。Neitherherenorinanyotherstateorcountrywherewomenvote，istherethefaintestproofofinjurytothehomeorfamilyrelation。InWyoming，indeed，divorcehasdecreased，whilegainingsofastinotherplaces。
Politicalknowledge，politicalinterest，doesnottakeupmoretimeandstrengththananyotherformofmentalactivity;nordoesitprecludeakeenefficiencyinotherlines;andasfortheactualtimerequiredtoperformtheaveragedutiesofcitizenship——itisacontemptiblebitoftrickeryinargument，ifnotmereignoranceandconfusionofidea，tourgetheoccasionalattendanceonpoliticalmeetings，ortheannualorbi—annualdroppingofaballot，asanyinterferencewiththemanagementofahouse。
Itisproven，byyearsonyearsofestablishedexperience，thatwomencanenjoyfullpoliticalequalityandusetheirpower，withoutintheleastceasingtobecontentedandefficientwivesandmothers，cooksandhousekeepers。
Whatreallyhorrifiesthepopularmindatthethoughtofwomeninpolitics，isthepictureofwomanasa\"practicalpolitician;\"givinghertimetoitasabusiness，andmakingmoneybyit，inquestionable，orunquestionable，ways;and，further，asapoliticianinoffice，assheriff，alderman，senator，judge。
Thepopularmindbecomessuffusedwithhorroratthefirstidea，andscarcelylesssoatthesecond。ItpicturesblushinggirlhoodontheBench;tendermotherhoodintheSenate;thehousewifeturned\"ward—heeler;\"andbecomesquitesickincontemplationoftheseabominations。
Noeducatedmind，practicalmind，nomindableandwillingtouseitsfaculties，needbemisledforamomentbythesesophistries。
Thereisabsolutelynoevidencethatwomenasaclasswillrushinto\"practicalpolitics。\"Wheretheyhavevotedlongesttheydonotmanifestthisdreadresult。Neitheristhereanyproofthattheywillalldesiretoholdoffice;orthatanyconsiderableportionofthemwill;orthat，iftheydid，theywouldgetit。
Weseemunconsciouslytoassumethatwhenwomenbegintovote，menwillstop;orthatthewomenwilloutnumberthemen;alsothat，outnumberingthem，theywillbecompletelyunitedintheirvote;and，stillfurther，thatsooutnumberinganduniting，theywillsolidlyvoteforaticketcomposedwhollyofwomencandidates。
Doesanyoneseriouslyimaginethistobelikely？
Thismaybestatedwithassurance;ifeverwedoseeaclever，designing，flirtatious，man—twistingwoman;orapretty，charming，irresistableyounggirl，electedtooffice——itwillnotbebythevotesofwomen！
Wherewomenareelectedtooffice，bythevotesofbothmenandwomen，theyareofsuitableageandabilities，anddotheirworkwell。Theyhavealreadygreatlyimprovedsomeoftheconditionsoflocalpolitics，andthelegislationtheyadvocateisofabeneficialcharacter。
Whatisthetruerelationofwomentothestate？
Itispreciselyidenticalwiththatofmen。Theirformsofservicemayvary，buttheirduty，theirinterest，theirresponsibility，isthesame。
Herearethepeopleonearth，halfofthemwomen，allofthemherchildren。Itisherearthasmuchashis;thepeoplearetheirpeople，thestatetheirstate;compoundedofthemall，induerelation。
Asthefatherandmother，together;shelter，guard，teachandprovidefortheirchildreninthehome;soshouldallfathersandmothers，together;shelter，guard，teachandprovidefortheircommonchildren，thecommunity。
Thestateisnomystery;notabooplaceofmasculinesecrecy;itissimplyus。
Democracyisbutahalf—grownchildasyet，oneoftwins？Itsboy—halfisastrugglingthing，with\"thediseasesofbabyhood\";itsgirl—halfhashardlybeguntotakenotice。
Ashumancreatureswehavepreciselythesamedutyandprivilege，interest，andpowerinthestate;sharingitsprotection，itsadvantages，anditsservices。Aswomenwehaveadifferentrelation。
Hereindeedwewilladmit，andgloryin，our\"diversity。\"The\"eternalwomanly\"isafarmoreusefulthinginthestatethanthe\"eternalmanly。\"
Tobewomanmeanstobemother。Tobemothermeanstogivelove，defense，nourishment，care，instruction。Toolong，fartoolonghasmotherhoodneglecteditsrealsocialduties，itsdutiestohumanityatlarge。Eveninherpositionofretardedindustrialdevelopment，asthehousekeeperandhouseworkeroftheworld，womanhasacontributionofspecialvaluetothestate。
Asthelovingmother，thepatientteacher，thetendernurse，thewiseproviderandcare—taker，shecanservethestate，andthestateneedsherservice。
OURANDROCENTRICCULTURE;OR，THEMAN—MADEWORLD
XIII。
INDUSTRYANDECONOMICS。
TheforestofTruth，onthesubjectofindustryandeconomics，isdifficulttoseeonaccountofthetrees。
WehavesomanyFactsonthissubject;somanyOpinions;somanyTraditionsandHabits;andthepressureofImmediateConclusionsissointenseuponusall;thatitisnoteasytoformaclearspaceinone’smindandconsiderthefieldfairly。
Possiblythepresenttreatmentofthesubjectwillappealmosttothemindsofthosewhoknowleastaboutit;suchastheAverageWoman。Toher，Industryisadaylongandlifelongduty，aswellasanaturalimpulse;andeconomicsmeansgoingwithoutthings。Tosuchuntrainedbutalsounprejudicedmindsitshouldbeeasytoshowthemainfactsontheselines。
LetusdisposeofEconomicsfirst，ashavingasolemnscientificappearance。
PhysicalEconomicstreatsoftheinternalaffairsofthebody;thewholemachineryandhowitworks;allorgans，members，functions;eachlastandlittlestcapillaryandleucocyte，arepartsofthat\"economy。\"
Nature’s\"economy\"isnotintheleast\"economical。\"Thewasteoflife，thewasteofmaterial，thewasteoftimeandeffort，areprodigious，yetsheachievesherendaswesee。
DomesticEconomicscoversthewholecareandgovernmentofthehousehold;themaintenanceofpeace，health，order，andmorality;thecareandnourishmentofchildrenasfarasdoneathome;theentiremanagementofthehome，aswellasthespendingandsavingofmoney;areincludedinit。Savingistheleastandpoorestpartofit;especiallyasinmereabstinencefromneededthings;mostespeciallywhenthisabstinenceismainly\"Mother’s。\"Howbesttospend;time，strength，love，care，labor，knowledge，andmoney——thisshouldbethemainstudyinDomesticEconomics。
Social，or，astheyareusedtocallit，PoliticalEconomics，coversalarger，butnotessentiallydifferentfield。Afamilyconsistsofpeople，andtheMotheristheirnaturalmanager。Societyconsistsofpeople——_thesamepeople_——onlymoreofthem。Allthepeople，whoaremembersofSociety，arealsomembersoffamilies——exceptsomeincubatedorphansmaybe。SocialEconomicscoversthewholecareandmanagementofthepeople，themaintenanceofpeaceandhealthandorderandmorality;
thecareofchildren，asfarasdoneoutofthehome;aswellasthespendingandsavingofthepublicmoney——alltheseareincludedinit。
ThisgreatbusinessofSocialEconomicsisatpresentlittleunderstoodandmostpoorlymanaged，forthisreason;weapproachitfromanindividualpointofview;seekingnotsomuchtodoourshareinthecommonservice，astogetourpersonalprofitfromthecommonwealth。
Wherethewholefamilylaborstogethertoharvestfruitandstoreitforthewinter，wehavelegitimateDomesticEconomics：butwhereonemembertakesandhidesalotforhimself，totheexclusionoftheothers，wehavenoDomesticEconomicsatall——merelyindividualselfishness。
InSocialEconomicswehavealarge，butsimpleproblem。Hereistheearth，ourfarm。Herearethepeople，whoowntheearth。Howcanthemostadvantagetothemostpeoplebeobtainedfromtheearthwiththeleastlabor？ThatistheproblemofSocialEconomics。
Lookingattheworldasifyouhelditinyourhandstostudyanddiscuss，whatdowefindatpresent？
Wefindpeoplelivingtoothicklyforhealthandcomfortinsomeplaces，andtoothinlyforothers;wefindmostpeopleworkingtoohardandtoolongathonestlabor;somepeopleworkingwithdamagingintensityatdishonestlabor;andafewwretchedpaupersamongtherichandpoor，degenerateidlerswhodonotworkatall，thescumandthedregsofSociety。
Allthisisbadeconomics。Wedonotgetthecomfortoutoflifeweeasilycould;andworkfartoohardforwhatwedoget。Moreover，thereisnopeace，nosettledsecurity。Nomanissureofhisliving，nomatterhowhardheworks，athousandthingsmayoccurtodeprivehimofhisjob，orhisincome。Inourtimethereisgreatexcitementalongthislineofstudy;andmorethanonepropositionisadvancedwherebywemayimprove，mostnotablyinstancedintheworld—coveringadvanceofSocialism。
InourpresentstudytheprincipalfacttobeexhibitedistheinfluenceofamalecultureuponSocialEconomicsandIndustry。
Industry，asadepartmentofSocialEconomics，islittleunderstood。
Heretoforewehaveviewedthisfieldfromseveralwhollyerroneouspositions。FromtheHebrew（andwhollyandrocentric）religiousteaching，wehaveregardedlaborasacurse。
Nothingcouldbemoreabsurdlyfalse。Laborisnotmerelyameansofsupportinghumanlife——it_is_humanlife。Imaginearaceofbeingslivingwithoutlabor！Theymustbetherudestsavages。
Humanworkconsistsinspecializedindustryandtheexchangeofitsproducts;andwithoutitisnocivilization。Asindustrydevelops，civilizationdevelops;peaceexpands;wealthincreases;scienceandarthelponthesplendidtotal。Productiveindustry，anditsconcomitantofdistributiveindustrycoverthemajorfieldofhumanlife。
Ifourindustrywasnormal，whatshouldwesee？
Aworldfullofhealthy，happypeople;eachbusilyengagedinwhatheorshemostenjoysdoing。NormalSpecialization，likeallourvoluntaryprocesses，isaccompaniedbykeenpleasure;andanycheckorinterruptiontoitgivespainandinjury。Whosoeverworksatwhathelovesiswellandhappy。Whosoworksatwhathedoesnotloveisillandmiserable。Itisverybadeconomicstoforceunwillingindustry。
Thatistheweaknessofslavelabor;andofwagelaboralsowherethereisnotfullindustrialeducationandfreedomofchoice。
Undernormalconditionsweshouldseewelldeveloped，welltrainedspecialistshappilyengagedintheworktheymostenjoyed;forreasonablehours（anywork，orplayeither，becomesinjuriousifdonetoolong）;andasaconsequencethewholeoutputoftheworldwouldbevastlyimproved，notonlyinquantitybutinquality。
Plainarethemelancholyfactsofwhatwedosee。Followingthatpitifulconceptionoflaborasacurse，comestheveryoldandandrocentrichabitofdespisingitasbelongingtowomen，andthentoslaves。
Asamatteroffactindustryisinitsoriginfeminine;thatis，maternal。Itistheoverflowingfountainofmother—loveandmother—powerwhichfirstpromptsthehumanracetolabor;andforlongagesmenperformednoproductiveindustryatall;beingmerelyhuntersandfighters。
Itisthislackofnaturalinstinctforlaborinthemaleofourspecies，togetherwiththeideasandopinionsbasedonthatlack，andvoicedbyhiminhismanywritings，religiousandother，whichhavegiventotheworlditsfalseestimateofthisgreatfunction，humanwork。Thatwhichisourverylife，ourgreatestjoy，ourroadtoalladvancement，wehavescornedandoppressed;sothat\"workingpeople，\"
the\"workingclasses，\"\"havingtowork，\"etc。，aretothisdayspokenofwithcontempt。Perhapsdronesspeaksoamongthemselvesofthe\"workingbees！\"
Normally，wideningoutfromthemother’scarefulandgenerousserviceinthefamily，tocareful，generousserviceintheworld，weshouldfindlaborfreelygiven，withloveandpride。
Abnormally，crushedundertheburdenofandrocentricscornandprejudice，wehavelaborgrudginglyproducedunderpressureofnecessity;laborofslavesunderfearofthewhip，orofwage—slaves，onestephigher，underfearofwant。Longageswhereinhuntingandfightingweretheonlymanlyoccupations，havelefttheirheavyimpress。
Thepredaciousinstinctandthecombativeinstinctweighdownanddisfigureoureconomicdevelopment。WhatVeblencalls\"theinstinctofworkmanship\"growson，slowlyandirresistably;butthemalignfeaturesofourindustriallifearedistinctivelyandrocentric：thedesiretoget，ofthehunter;interferingwiththedesiretogive，ofthemother;
thedesiretoovercomeanantagonist——originallymasculine，interferingwiththedesiretoserveandbenefit——originallyfeminine。
Letthereaderkeepinmindthatashumanbeings，menareabletoover—livetheirmasculinenaturesanddonobleservicetotheworld;
alsothatashumanbeingstheyaretodayfarmorehighlydevelopedthanwomen，anddoingfarmorefortheworld。Thepointherebroughtoutisthatasmalestheiruncheckedsupremacyhasresultedintheabnormalpredominanceofmasculineimpulsesinourhumanprocesses;andthatthispredominancehasbeenlargelyinjurious。
Asithappens，thedistinctlyfeminineormaternalimpulsesarefarmorenearlyinlinewithhumanprogressthanarethoseofthemale;whichmakesherexclusionfromhumanfunctionsthemoremischievous。
OurcurrentteachingsintheinfantscienceofPoliticalEconomyarenaivelymasculine。Theyassumeasunquestionablethat\"theeconomicman\"willneverdoanythingunlesshehasto;willonlydoittoescapepainorattainpleasure;andwill，inevitably，takeallhecanget，anddoallhecantooutwit，overcome，andifnecessarydestroyhisantagonist。
Alwaystheantagonist;tothemalemindanantagonistisessentialtoprogress，toallachievement。Hehasplantedthatroot—thoughtinallthehumanworld;fromthatoldhideousideaofSatan，\"TheAdversary，\"
downtothecompetitorinbusiness，ortheboyattheheadoftheclass，tobesupersededbyanother。
Therefore，eveninscience，\"thestruggleforexistence\"isthedominantlaw——tothemalemind，withthe\"survivalofthefittest\"and\"theeliminationoftheunfit。\"
Thereforeinindustryandeconomicswefindalwaysandeverywheretheantagonist;thenecessityforsomebodyorsomethingtobeovercome——elsewhymakeaneffort？Ifyouhavenottheincentiveofreward，ortheincentiveofcombat，whywork？\"Competitionisthelifeoftrade。\"
ThustheEconomicMan。
ButhowabouttheEconomicWoman？
Totheandrocentricmindshedoesnotexist。Womenarefemales，andthat’sall;theirworkingabilitiesarelimitedtopersonalservice。
Thatitwouldbepossibletodevelopindustrytofargreaterheights，andtofindinsocialeconomicsasimpleandbeneficialprocessforthepromotionofhumanlifeandprosperity，underanyotherimpulsethanthesetwo，DesireandCombat，ishardindeedtorecognize——forthe\"malemind。\"
Soabsolutelyinterwovenareourexistingconceptsofmalenessandhumanness，sosurearewethatmenarepeopleandwomenonlyfemales，thattheclaimofequalweightanddignityinhumanaffairsofthefeminineinstinctsandmethodsisscoutedasabsurd。Wefindexistingindustryalmostwhollyinmalehands;finditdoneasmendoit;assumethatthatisthewayitmustbedone。
Whenwomensuggestthatitcouldbedonedifferently，theirproposaliswavedaside——theyare\"onlywomen\"——theirideasare\"womanish。\"
Agreed。Soaremen\"onlymen，\"theirideasare\"mannish\";andofthetwothewomenaremorevitallyhumanthanthemen。
Thefemaleistherace—type——themanthevariant。
Thefemale，asarace—type，havingthefemaleprocessesbesides;bestperformstheraceprocesses。Themale，however，haswithgreatdifficultydevelopedthem，alwaysheavilyhandicappedbyhismaleness;
beinginoriginessentiallyacreatureofsex，andsodominatedalmostexclusivelybyseximpulses。
Thehumaninstinctofmutualserviceischeckedbythemasculineinstinctofcombat;thehumantendencytospecializeinlabor，torejoicinglypourforceinlinesofspecializedexpression，ischeckedbythepredaciousinstinct，whichwillexertitselfforreward;anddisfiguredbythemasculineinstinctofself—expression，whichisanentirelydifferentthingfromthegreathumanoutpouringofworldforce。
Greatmen，theworld’steachersandleaders，aregreatinhumanness;
meremalenessdoesnotmakeforgreatnessunlessitbeinwarfare——adisadvantageousglory！Greatwomenalsomustbegreatinhumanness;buttheirfemaleinstinctsarenotsosubversiveofhumanprogressasaretheinstinctsofthemale。Tobeateacherandleader，toloveandserve，toguardandguideandhelp，arewellinlinewithmotherhood。
\"Aretheynotalsoinlinewithfatherhood？\"willbeasked;and，\"Arenotthefather’spaternalinstinctsmasculine？\"
No，theyarenot;theydifferinnowayfromthematernal，insofarastheyarebeneficial。Parentalfunctionsofthehighersort，ofthehumansort，areidentical。Thefathercangivehischildrenmanyadvantageswhichthemothercannot;butthatisduetohissuperiorityasahumanbeing。Hepossessesfarmoreknowledgeandpowerintheworld，thehumanworld;hehimselfismoredevelopedinhumanpowersandprocesses;andisthereforeabletodomuchforhischildrenwhichthemothercannot;butthisisinnowayduetohismasculinity。Itisinthisdevelopmentofhumanpowersinman，throughfatherhood，thatwemayreadtheexplanationofourshortperiodofandrocentricculture。
Sothoroughandcompleteareversalofpreviousrelation，suchcontinuanceofwhatappearsineverywayanunnaturalposition，musthavehadsomejustificationinracialadvantages，oritcouldnothaveendured。Thisisitsjustification;theestablishmentofhumannessinthemale;hebeingledintoit，alongnaturallines，bytheexerciseofpreviouslyexistingdesires。
Inamaleculturetheattractingforcesmustinevitablyhavebeen，wehaveseen，DesireandCombat。Thesemasculineforces，actinguponhumanprocesses，whilenecessarytotheupliftingoftheman，havebeenanythingbutupliftingtocivilization。Asexwhichthinks，feelsandactsintermsofcombatisdifficulttoharmonizeinthesmoothbondsofhumanrelationship;thattheyhavesucceededsowellisabeautifultestimonytothesuperiorpowerofracetendencyoversextendency。
Unitingandorganizing，crudelyandtemporarily，forthecommonhunt;
andthen，withprogressiveelaboration，forthecommonfight;theyarenowusingthesametactics——andthesamedesires，unfortunately——incommonwork。
Union，organization，complexinterservice，aretheessentialprocessesofagrowingsociety;inthem，intheever—increasingdischargeofpoweralongwideninglinesofaction，isthejoyandhealthofsociallife。
Butsofarmencombineinordertobettercombat;themutualserviceheldincidentaltothecommonendofconquestandplunder。
Inspiteofthistheovermasteringpowerofhumannessisnowdevelopingamongmodernmenimmenseorganizationsofawhollybeneficialcharacter，withnopurposebutmutualadvantage。Thisistruehumangrowth，andassuchwillinevitablytaketheplaceofthesex—prejudicedearlierprocesses。
ThehumancharacteroftheChristianreligionisnowbeingmoreandmoreinsistedon;thepracticalloveandserviceofeachandall;inplaceoftheoldinsistenceonDesire——foraCrownandHarpinHeaven，andCombat——withthateverlastingadversary。
Ineconomicsthisgreatchangeisrapidlygoingonbeforeoureyes。Itisachangeinidea，inbasicconcept，inourtheoryofwhatthewholethingisabout。Wearebeginningtoseetheworld，notas\"afairfieldandnofavor\"——notaplaceforonemantogetaheadofothers，foraprice;butasanestablishmentbelongingtous，theproceedsofwhicharetobeapplied，asamatterofcourse，tohumanadvantage。
Intheoldidea，thewhollymasculineidea，basedontheprocessesofsex—combat，theadvantageoftheworldlayinhaving\"thebestmanwin。\"
Some，inthefirststepsofenthusiasmforEugenics，thinksostill;
imaginingthattheprimalprocessofpromotingevolutionthroughthepaternityoftheconqueringmaleisthebestprocess。
Tohaveonesuperiorlionkillsixorsixtyinferiorlions，andleaveaprogenyofmoresuperiorlionsbehindhim，isallright——forlions;thesuperiorityinfightingbeingallthesuperioritytheyneed。
Butthemanabletooutwithisfollows，todestroytheminphysical，orruininfinancial，combat，isnotthereforeasuperiorhumancreature。
Evenphysicalsuperiority，asafighter，doesnotprovethekindofvigorbestcalculatedtoresistdisease，ortoadaptitselftochangingconditions。
ThatourmasculinecultureinitseffectonEconomicsandIndustryisinjurious，isclearlyshownbythewholeopenpageofhistory。Fromthesimplebeneficentactivitiesofamatriarchalperiodwefollowthesamelamentablesteps;nationafternation。Womenareenslavedandcaptivesareenslaved;amilitarydespotismisdeveloped;laborisdespisedanddiscouraged。Thenwhentheirresistiblesocialforcesdobringusonward，inscience，art，commerce，andallthatwecallcivilization，wefindthesamecheckactingalwaysuponthatprogress;andthereallyvitalsocialprocessesofproductionanddistributionheavilyinjuredbythefinancialcombatandcarnagewhichrageseveroverandamongthem。
Therealdevelopmentofthepeople，theformingoffinerphysiques，finerminds，ahigherlevelofefficiency，abroaderrangeofenjoymentandaccomplishment——ishinderedandnothelpedbythisartificiallymaintained\"struggleforexistence，\"thisconstantendeavortoeliminatewhat，fromamasculinestandard，is\"unfit。\"
Thatwehaveprogressedthusfar，thatwearenowmovingforwardsorapidly，isinspiteofandnotbecauseofourandrocentricculture。
OURANDROCENTRICCULTURE;OR，THEMAN—MADEWORLD
XIV。
AHUMANWORLD。
Inthechangefromthedominanceofonesextotheequalpoweroftwo，towhatmaywelookforward？Whateffectuponcivilizationistobeexpectedfromtheequalityofwomanhoodinthehumanrace？
Toputthemostnaturalquestionfirst——whatwillmenlosebyit？Manymenaregenuinelyconcernedaboutthis;fearingsomenewpositionofsubservienceanddisrespect。Otherslaughattheveryideaofchangeintheirposition，relyingasalwaysontheheavierfist。Solongasfightingwasthedeterminingprocess，thebestfightermustneedswin;
butintherearrangementofprocesseswhichmarksourage，superiorphysicalstrengthdoesnotmakethepoorerwealthy，noreventhesoldierageneral。
Themajorprocessesoflifeto—dayarequitewithinthepowersofwomen;
womenarefulfillingtheirnewrelationsmoreandmoresuccessfully;
gatheringnewstrength，newknowledge，newideals。Thechangeisuponus;whatwillitdotomen？
Noharm。
Asweareamonogamousrace，therewillbenosuchdrasticandcruelselectionamongcompetingmalesaswouldeliminatethevastmajorityasunfit。Eventhoughsomebeconsideredunfitforfatherhood，allhumanliferemainsopentothem。Perhapsthemostimportantfeatureofthischangecomesinrighthere;alongthisoldlineofsex—selection，replacingthatpowerintherighthands，andusingitforthegoodoftherace。
Thewoman，freeatlast，intelligent，recognizingherrealplaceandresponsibilityinlifeasahumanbeing，willbenotless，butmore，efficientasamother。Shewillunderstandthat，inthelineofphysicalevolution，motherhoodisthehighestprocess;andthatherwork，asacontributiontoanimprovedrace，mustalwaysinvolvethisgreatfunction。Shewillseethatrightparentageisthepurposeofthewholeschemeofsex—relationship，andactaccordingly。
Inourtime，hishumanfacultiesbeingsufficientlydeveloped，civilizedmancanlookoverandaroundhissexlimitations，andbegintoseewhatarethetruepurposesandmethodsofhumanlife。
HeisnowbeginningtolearnthathisowngoverningnecessityofDesireisnot_the_governingnecessityofparentage，butonlyacontributorytendency;andthat，intheinterestsofbetterparentage，motherhoodisthedominantfactor，andmustbesoconsidered。
Inslowreluctantadmissionofthisfact，manheretoforehasrecognizedoneclassofwomenasmothers;andhasgrantedthemavaryingamountofconsiderationassuch;buthehasnonethelessinsistedonmaintaininganotherclassofwomen，forbiddenmotherhood，andmerelysubservienttohisdesires;abarren，mischievousunnaturalrelation，whollyasidefromparentalpurposes，andabsolutelyinjurioustosociety。Thiswholefieldofmorbidactionwillbeeliminatedfromhumanlifebythenormaldevelopmentofwomen。
Itisnotaquestionofinterferingwithorpunishingmen;stilllessofinterferingwithorpunishingwomen;butpurelyamatterofchangededucationandopportunityforeverychild。
Eachandallshallbetaughttherealnatureandpurposeofmotherhood;
therealnatureandpurposeofmanhood;whateachisfor，andwhichisthemoreimportant。Anewsenseofthepowerandprideofwomanhoodwillwaken;awomanhoodnolongersunkinhelplessdependenceuponmen;
nolongerlimitedtomereunpaidhouse—service;nolongerblindedbythefalsemoralitywhichsubjectsevenmotherhoodtoman’sdominance;butawomanhoodwhichwillrecognizeitspre—eminentresponsibilitytothehumanrace，andliveuptoit。Then，withallnormalandrightcompetitionamongmenforthefavorofwomen，thosebestfittedforfatherhoodwillbechosen。Thosewhoarenotchosenwilllivesingle——perforce。
Many，undertheoldmistakennotionofwhatusedtobecalledthe\"socialnecessity\"ofprostitution，willprotestattheideaofitsextinction。
\"Itisnecessarytohaveit，\"theywillsay。
\"Necessary_towhom？_\"
Nottothewomenhideouslysacrificedtoit，surely。
Nottosociety，honey—combedwithdiseasesduetothiscause。
Nottothefamily，weakenedandimpoverishedbyit。
Towhomthen？Tothemenwhowantit？
Butitisnotgoodforthem，itpromotesallmannerofdisease，ofvice，ofcrime。Itisabsolutelyandunquestionablya\"socialevil。\"
Anintelligentandpowerfulwomanhoodwillputanendtothisindulgenceofonesexattheexpenseoftheother;andtotheinjuryofboth。
Inthisinevitablechangewillliewhatsomemenwillconsideraloss。
Butonlythoseofthepresentgeneration。Forthesonsofthewomennowenteringuponthisneweraofworldlifewillbedifferentlyreared。
Theywillrecognizethetruerelationofmentotheprimalprocess;andbeamazedthatforsolongthegreatervalueshavebeenlostsightofinfavoroftheless。
Thisonechangewilldomoretopromotethephysicalhealthandbeautyoftherace;toimprovethequalityofchildrenborn，andthegeneralvigorandpurityofsociallife，thananyonemeasurewhichcouldbeproposed。Itrestsuponarecognitionofmotherhoodastherealbaseandcauseofthefamily;anddismissestothelimboofalloutwornsuperstitionthatfalseHebraicandgrosslyandrocentricdoctrinethatthewomanistobesubjecttotheman，andthatheshallruleoverher。
Hehastriedthisarrangementlongenough——tothegrievousinjuryoftheworld。Ahigherstandardofhappinesswillresult;equalityandmutualrespectbetweenparents;purelove，undefiledbyself—interestsoneitherside;andanewrespectforChildhood。
WiththeChild，seenatlasttobethegoverningpurposeofthisrelation，withallthebestenergiesofmenandwomenbentonraisingthestandardoflifeforallchildren，weshallhaveanewstatusoffamilylifewhichwillbecleanandnoble，andsatisfyingtoallitsmembers。
Thechangeinallthevariedlinesofhumanworkisbeyondthepowersofanypresentdayprophettoforecastwithprecision。Anewgradeofwomanhoodwecanclearlyforesee;proud，strong，serene，independent;
greatmothersofgreatwomenandgreatmen。Thesewillholdhighstandardsanddrawmenuptothem;bynocompulsionsavenature’slawofattraction。Acleanandhealthfulworld，enjoyingthetasteoflifeasitneverhassinceracialbabyhood，withhomesofquietandcontent——thiswecanforesee。
Art——intheextremesensewillperhapsalwaysbelongmosttomen。Itwouldseemasifthatceaselessurgetoexpression，was，atleastoriginally，mostcongenialtothemale。Butappliedart，ineveryform，andartuseddirectlyfortransmissionofideas，suchasliterature，ororatory，appealstowomenasmuch，ifnotmore，thantomen。
Wecanmakenosafeassumptionastowhat，ifany，distinctiontherewillbeinthefreehumanworkofmenandwomen，untilwehaveseengenerationaftergenerationgrowupunderabsolutelyequalconditions。
Inallourgamesandsportsandminorsocialcustoms，suchchangeswilloccurasmustneedsfollowupontherisingdignityallotedtothewoman’stemperament，thewoman’spointofview;notintheleastdenyingtomenthefullestexerciseoftheirspecialpowersandpreferences;butclassifyingthesenewly，asnothuman——merelymale。Atpresentwehavepagesorcolumnsinourpapers，markedas\"TheWoman’sPage\"\"OfInteresttoWomen，\"andsimilardelimitingtitles。Similarlywemighthavedistinctlymasculinematterssomarkedandspecified;notassumedasnowtobeofgeneralhumaninterest。
TheeffectofthechangeuponEthicsandReligionisdeepandwide。
Withtheentranceofwomenuponfullhumanlife，anewprinciplecomesintoprominence;theprincipleoflovingservice。ThatthisisthegoverningprincipleofChristianityisbelievedbymany;butanandrocentricinterpretationhasquiteoverlookedit;andmade，aswehaveshown，theessentialdogmaoftheirfaiththedesireofaneternalrewardandthecombatwithaneternalenemy。
Thefeminineattitudeinlifeiswhollydifferent。Asafemaleshehasmerelytobeherselfandpassivelyattract;neithertocompetenortopursue;asamotherherwholeprocessisoneofgrowth;firstthedevelopmentofthelivechildwithinher，andthewonderfulnourishmentfromherownbody;andthenallthelatercultivationtomakethechildgrow;allthewatching，teaching，guarding，feeding。Innoneofthisisthereeitherdesire，combat，orself—expression。Thefeminineattitude，asexpressedinreligion，makesofitapatientpracticalfulfillmentoflaw;aprocessoflargesureimprovements;alimitlesscomfortingloveandcare。
Thisfullassuranceofloveandofpower;thisendlesscheerfulservice;
thebroadprovisionforallpeople;ratherthanthecompetitiveselectionofafew\"victors;\"isthenaturalpresentationofreligioustruthfromthewoman’sviewpoint。Hergoverningprinciplebeinggrowthandnotcombat;hermaintendencybeingtogiveandnottoget;shemoreeasilyandnaturallylivesandteachesthesereligiousprinciples。ItisforthisreasonthatthebroadergentlerteachingoftheUnitarianandUniversalistsectshaveappealedsoespeciallytowomen，andthatsomanywomenpreachintheirchurches。
Thisprincipleofgrowth，asappliedandusedingeneralhumanlifewillworktofarotherendsthanthosenowsopainfullyvisible。
Ineducation，forinstance，withneitherrewardnorpunishmentasspurorbait;withnocompetitiontorouseeffortandanimosity，butratherwiththefeelingofagardenertowardshisplants;theteacherwillteachandthechildrenlearn，inmutualeaseandhappiness。Thelawofpassiveattractionapplieshere，leadingtosuchingenuityinpresentationasshallarousethechild’sinterest;and，inthetruespiritofpromotinggrowth，eachchildwillhavehisbestandfullesttraining，withoutregardtowhois\"ahead\"ofhim，orher，orwho\"behind。\"
Wedonotsadlymeasurethecabbage—stalkbythecorn—stalk，andpraisethecornforgettingaheadofthecabbage——norincitethecabbagetoemulatethecorn。Wenourishboth，toitsbestgrowth——andarethericher。
Thateverychildonearthshallhaverightconditionstomakethebestgrowthpossibletoit;thateverycitizen，frombirthtodeath，shallhaveachancetolearnallheorshecanassimilate，todevelopeverypowerthatisinthem——forthecommongood——thiswillbetheaimofeducation，underhumanmanagement。
Intheworldof\"society\"wemaylookforveryradicalchanges。
Withallwomenfullhumanbeings，trainedandusefulinsomeformofwork;theclassofbusyidlers，whorunaboutforever\"entertaining\"andbeing\"entertained\"willdisappearasutterlyaswilltheprostitute。
Nowomanwithrealworktodocouldhavethetimeforsuchpettyamusements;orenjoythemifshedidhavetime。Nowomanwithrealworktodo，workshelovedandwaswellfittedfor，workhonoredandwell—paid，wouldtakeuptheUnnaturalTrade。Genuinerelaxationandrecreation，allmannerofhealthfulsportsandpastimes，belovedofbothsexesto—day，willremain，ofcourse;butthesetstructureof\"socialfunctions\"——solaughablymisnamed——willdisappearwiththe\"societywomen\"whomakeitpossible。OnceactivemembersofrealSociety;nowomancouldgobackto\"society，\"anymorethanaroughridercouldreturntoahobbyhorse。
Newdevelopmentindress，wise，comfortable，beautiful，maybeconfidentlyexpected，aswomanbecomesmorehuman。Nofullyhumancreaturecouldholdupitsheadundertheabsurditiesourwomenwearto—day——andhavewornfordrearycenturies。
Soonthroughalltheaspectsoflifewemaylookforchanges，rapidandfar—reaching;butnaturalandallforgood。Theimprovementisnotduetoanyinherentmoralsuperiorityofwomen;nortoanymoralinferiorityofmen;menatpresent，asmorehuman，areaheadofwomeninalldistinctlyhumanways;yettheirmaleness，aswehaveshownrepeatedly，warpsanddisfigurestheirhumanness。Thewoman，beingbynaturetherace—type;andherfemininefunctionsbeingfarmoreakintohumanfunctionsthanarethoseessentialtothemale;willbringintohumanlifeamorenormalinfluence。
Underthismorenormalinfluenceourpresentperversitiesoffunctionswill，ofcourse，tendtodisappear。Thedirectlyserviceabletendencyofwomen，asshownineverystepoftheirpublicwork，willhavesmallpatiencewithhoarytraditionsofabsurdity。Weneedbutlookatlongrecordedfactstoseewhatwomendo——ortrytodo，whentheyhaveopportunity。Evenintheircrippled，smotheredpast，theyhavemadevaliantefforts——notalwayswise——incharityandphilanthropy。
Inourowntimethisisshownthroughallthelengthandbreadthofourcountry，bytheWoman’sClubs。Littlegroupsofwomen，drawingtogetherinhumanrelation，atfirst，perhaps，withnobetterpurposethanto\"improvetheirminds，\"havegrownandspread;combinedandfederated;
andintheirgreatreports，representinghundredsofthousandsofwomen——wefindasplendidrecordofhumanwork。Theystrivealwaystoimprovesomething，totakecareofsomething，tohelpandserveandbenefit。In\"villageimprovement，\"intravelinglibraries，inlecturecoursesandexhibitions，inpromotinggoodlegislation;inmanyalineofnobleeffortourWomen’sClubsshowwhatwomenwanttodo。
Mendonothavetodothesethingsthroughtheirclubs，whicharemainlyforpleasure;theycanaccomplishwhattheywishtothroughregularchannels。Butthecharacteranddirectionoftheinfluenceofwomeninhumanaffairsisconclusivelyestablishedbythethingstheyalreadydoandtrytodo。Inthosecountries，andinourownstates，wheretheyarealreadyfullcitizens，thelegislationintroducedandpromotedbythemisofthesamebeneficentcharacter。Thenormalwomanisastrongcreature，lovingandserviceable。Thekindofwomanmenareafraidtoentrustwithpoliticalpower，selfish，idle，over—sexed，orignorantandnarrow—minded，isnotnormal，butisthecreatureofconditionsmenhavemade。Weneedhavenofearofher，forshewilldisappearwiththeconditionswhichcreatedher。
Inolderdays，withoutknowledgeofthenaturalsciences，weacceptedlifeasstatic。If，beingborninChina，wegrewupwithfoot—boundwomen，weassumedthatwomenweresuch，andmustsoremain。BorninIndia，weacceptedthechild—wife，thepitifulchild—widow，theecstatic_suttee_，asnaturalexpressionsofwomanhood。Ineachage，eachcountry，wehaveassumedlifetobenecessarilywhatitwas——amovelessfact。
Allthisisgivingwayfastinournewknowledgeofthelawsoflife。
WefindthatGrowthistheeternallaw，andthatevenrocksareslowlychanging。Humanlifeisseentobeasdynamicasanyotherform;andthemostcertainthingaboutitisthatitwillchange。Inthelightofthisknowledgeweneednolongeraccepttheloadofwhatwecall\"sin;\"
thegroupedmiseryofpoverty，diseaseandcrime;thecumbrous，inefficatious，wastefulprocessesoflifetoday，asneedfulorpermanent。
Wehavebuttolearnthe_real_elementsinhumanity;itstruepowersandnaturalcharacteristics;toseewhereinwearehamperedbythewrongideasandinheritedhabitsofearliergenerations，andbreakloosefromthem——thenwecansafelyandswiftlyintroduceafarnoblergradeofliving。
Ofallcripplinghindrancesinfalseideas，wehavenonemoreuniversallymischievousthanthisrooterroraboutmenandwomen。Giventheoldandrocentrictheory，andwehaveanandrocentricculture——thekindwesofarknow;thisshortstretchwecall\"history;\"withitsproudandpitifulrecord。Wehavedonewondersofupwardgrowth——forgrowthisthemainlaw，andmaynotbewhollyresisted。Butwehavehindered，perverted，temporarilycheckedthatgrowth，ageafterage;andagainandagainhasagivennation，faradvancedandpromising，sunktoruin，andleftanothertotakeupitstaskofsocialevolution;repeatitserrors——anditsfailure。
Onemajorcauseofthedecayofnationsis\"thesocialevil\"——athingwhollyduetotheandrocentricculture。Anothersteadyendlesscheckiswarfare——duetothesamecause。Largestofallispoverty;thatspreadingdiseasewhichgrowswithoursocialgrowthandshowsmosthorriblywhenandwherewearemostproud，keepingstep，asitwere，withprivatewealth。Thistoo，inlargemeasure，isduetothefalseideasonindustryandeconomics，based，liketheothersmentioned，onawhollymasculineviewoflife。
Bychangingourunderlyingtheoryinthismatterwechangealltheresultantassumptions;anditisthisalterationinourbasictheoryoflifewhichisbeingurged。
Thescopeandpurposeofhumanlifeisentirelyaboveandbeyondthefieldofsexrelationship。Womenarehumanbeings，asmuchasmen，bynature;andaswomen，areevenmoresympatheticwithhumanprocesses。
Todevelophumanlifeinitstruepowersweneedfullequalcitizenshipforwomen。
Thegreatwoman’smovementandlabormovementofto—dayarepartsofthesamepressure，thesameworld—progress。Aneconomicdemocracymustrestonafreewomanhood;andafreewomanhoodinevitablyleadstoaneconomicdemocracy。