Gustav，ontheotherhand，arguedforatriumviratecomprisingtwoBadenersandhimselfMoreover，GustavfoundthatHeinzenhadincludedinhisprematurelypublishedprogrammean\"idea\"stolenfromhim。ThisputanendtothesecondattemptatunificationandHeinzen，deniedrecognitionbythewholeworld，recededintoobscurityuntil，inAutumn1850，hefoundEnglishsoiltoohotforhimandsailedofftoNewYork。
VII
GustavandtheColonyofRenunciationAftertheindefatigableGustavhadmadeanunsuccessfulattempttoestablishaCentralRefugeeCommitteetogetherwithFriedrichBobzin，Habegg，Oswald，Rosenblum，Cohaheim，Grunichandother\"outstanding\"
men，hemadehiswaytowardsYorkshire。Forhere，sohebelieved，amagicgardenwouldflowerandinit，unlikethegardenofAlcine，[43]virtuewouldruleinsteadofvice。AnoldEnglishmanwithasenseofhumourwhohadbeenboredbyGustav’stheoriestookhimathiswordandgavehimafewacresofmoorinYorkshireontheexpressconditionthathewouldtherefounda\"colonyofrenunciation\"，acolonyinwhichtheconsumptionofmeat，tobaccoandspiritswouldbestrictlyprohibited，onlyavegetariandietwouldbepermittedandwhereeverycolonistwouldbeobligedtoreadachapterfromStruve’sbookonConstitutionalLawathismorningprayers。
Moreover，thecolonywastobeself-supporting。AccompaniedbyhisAmalia，bySchnauffer，hisSwabiancanaryandbyafewothergoodmenandtrue，GustavplacedhistrustinGodandwenttofoundthe\"ColonyofRenunciation\"。
Ofthecolonyitmustbereportedthatitcontainedlittleprosperity，muchcultureandunlimitedfreedomtobeboredandtogrowthin。OnefinemorningGustavuncoveredadreadfulplot。HiscompanionswhodidnotshareGustav’sruminantconstitutionhadresolvedbehindhisbacktoslaughtertheoldcow，theonlyoneandonewhosemilkprovidedthechiefsourceofincomeofthe\"ColonyofRenunciation\"。Gustavwrunghishandsandshedbittertearsatthisbetrayalofafellowcreature。Heindignantlydissolvedthecolonyanddecidedtobecomea\"wet\"Quaker[44]ifhewereunabletorevivetheDeutscherZuschauerortoestablisha\"provisionalgovernment\"inLondon。
VIIIArnold，whowasanythingbutcontentinhisretreatinOstendandwholongedfora\"frequentappearance\"beforethepublic，heardofGustav’smisfortune。HeresolvedtoreturntoEnglandatonceandbyclimbingonGustav’sshoulders，tohoisthimselfintothepentarchyofEuropeandemocracy。ForinthemeantimetheEuropeanCentralCommittee[45]hadbeenformedconsistingofMazzini，Ledru-RollinandDarasz，Mazziniofcoursewasthesouloftheenterprise。
Rugethoughthecouldsmellavacantposition。InhisProscritMazzinihadindeedintroducedGeneralErnstHaug，hisowninvention，astheGermanassociatebutfordecency’ssakeitwasnotpossibletonominatesuchacompletelyunknownpersonontotheCentralCommittee。RugewasnotunawareofthefactthatGustavhadhaddealingswithMazziniinSwitzerland。HehimselfwasacquaintedwithLedru-RollinbutunfortunatelyLedru-Rollinwasnotacquaintedwithhim。SoArnoldtookupresidenceinBrightonandflatteredandcajoledtheunsuspectingGustav，promisedtohelphimfoundaDeutscherZuschauerinLondonandeventoundertakeasajointventurethedemocraticpublicationoftheRotteck-WelckerLexiconofPoliticswithRugepayingtheCosts。AtthesametimeheintroducedGustavasagreatmanandcollaboratorintothelocalGermanpaperwhichinaccordancewithhisprincipleshealwayshadontap（thistimetheblowfellontheBremerTages-ChronikofthenonconformistparsonDulon）。
Onegooddeeddeservesanother：GustavpresentedArnoldtoMazzini。AsArnold’sFrenchwaswhollyincomprehensibletherewasnothingtopreventhimfromintroducinghimselftoMazziniasthegreatestmaninGermanyandaboveallashergreatest\"thinker\"。ThecannyItalianidealistatoncerealisedthatArnoldwasthemanhewaslookingfor，thehommesansconséquencewhowouldprovidetheGermancountersignatureofhisanti-papalBulls。ThusArnoldRugebecamethefifthwheelonthestatecoachofEuropeandemocracy。WhenanAlsatianaskedLedruwhatonearthpossessedhimtomakeanallyofsuchabête，Ledrurepliedbrusquely：\"HeisMazzini’sman。\"WhenMazziniwasaskedwhyhebecameinvolvedwithLedru，amanbereftofallideas，heansweredslyly：
\"Itookhimforthatveryreason。\"Mazzinihimselfhadeveryreasontoavoidpeoplewithideas。ButArnoldRugesawhiswildestdreamscometrueandforthemomentheevenforgotBrunoBauer。
WhenthetimecameforhimtosignMazzini’sfirstmanifestohesadlyrecalledthedayswhenhehadpresentedhimselftoProfessorLeoinHalleandoldFolleninSwitzerlandasaTrinitarianononeoccasionandasahumanistatheistonanother。ThistimehehadtodeclarehimselfforGodandagainsttheprinces。However，Arnold’sphilosophicconsciencehadbeenenfeebledbyhisassociationwithDulonandotherparsonsamongwhomhepassedforaphilosopher。EveninhisbestdaysArnoldcouldnotentirelysuppressacertainfoibleforreligioningeneralandmoreoverhis\"honestconsciousness\"keptonwhisperingtohim：Sign，Arnold！Parisvautbienunemesse。OnedoesnotbecomefifthwheelonthecoachoftheprovisionalgovemmentofEuropeinpartibusfornothing。Reflect，Arnold！
allyouhavetodoissignamanifestoeverytwoweeks，andasamemberoftheGermanParliament，inthecompanyofthegreatestmeninallEurope。
AndbathedinperspirationArnoldsigns。Acuriousjoke，hemurmurs。Cen’estquelepremierpasquicoûte。Hehadcopiedthislastsentenceintohisnotebookthepreviousnight。However，Arnoldhadnotcometotheendofhistrials。TheEuropeanCentralCommitteehadissuedaseriesofmanifestostoEurope，totheFrench，theItalians，thePolesandtheWallachiansandnow，followingthegreatbattleatBronzell，[46]itwasGermany’sturn。InhisdraftMazziniattackedtheGermansfortheirlackofcosmopolitanspirit，andinparticular，fortheirarroganttreatmentofItaliansalamivendors，organ-grinders，confectioners，dormousetamersandmouse-trapsellers。TakenabackArnoldconfessedthatitwastrue。Hewentfurther。HedeclaredhisreadinesstocedetheAustrianTirolandIstriatoMazzini。Butthiswasnotenough。HehadnotonlytoappealtotheconscienceoftheGermanpeople，butalsotoattackthemwheretheyweremostvulnerable。Arnoldreceivedinstructionsthatthistimehewastohaveanopinion，asherepresentedtheGermanelement。HefeltlikethestudentJobs。[47]Hescratchedhimselfthoughtfullybehindhisearandafterlongreflectionhestuttered：\"SincetheageofTacitusthevoicesofGermanbardsandbaritonescanbeheard。Inwintertheykindlefiresonallthemountainssoastowarmtheirfeet。\"Thebards，thebaritonesandfiresonallthemountains！ThatwillputabombunderGermanfreedom！thoughtMazziniwithagrin。Thebards，baritones，firesonallthemountainsandGermanfreedomtobootwentintothemanifestoasasopfortheGermannation。TohisastonishmentArnoldhadpassedtheexaminationandunderstoodforthefirsttimewithwhatlittlewisdomtheworldisgoverned。FromthatmomentonhedespisedBrunoBauermorethaneverforallhiseighteenheftytomeswrittenwhilehewasstillyoung。
WhileArnoldinthewakeoftheEuropeanCentralCommitteewassigningwarlikemanifestoeswithGod，forMazziniandagainsttheprinces，thepeacemovementwasragingnotonlyinEngland，undertheaegisofCobden，butevenbeyondtheNorthSea。SothatinFrankfurt/MaintheYankeeswindler，ElihuBurritttogetherwithCobden，Jaup，GirardinandtheRedIndianKa-gi-ga-gi-wa-wa-be-taorganisedaPeaceCongress。
OurArnoldwasjustitchingtobeabletomakeoneofhis\"frequentappearances\"
andtogivebirthtoamanifesto。SoheproclaimedhimselfthecorrespondingmemberoftheFrankfurtAssemblyandsentoveranextremelyconfusedPeaceManifestotranslatedoutofCobden’sspeechesintohisownspeculativePomeranian。VariousGermansdrewArnold’sattentiontothecontradictionbetweenhiswarlikeattitudeintheCentralCommitteeandhispeacefulQuakerism。Hewouldreply：\"Well，thereyouhavethecontradictions。That’sthedialecticforyou。InmyyouthIstudiedHegel。\"His\"honestconsciousness\"
waseasedbythethoughtthatMazziniknewnoGermanandthatitwasnothardtopullthewooloverhiseyes。
Moreover，hisrelationshipwithMazzinipromisedtobecomeevenmoresecurethankstotheprotectionofHarroHarringwhohadjustlandedinHull。ForwithHarringanewandhighlysymptomaticcharacterstepsontothestage。
IXThegreatdramaofthedemocraticemigrationof1848-52
hadbeenprecededbyapreludeeighteenyearspreviously：thedemocraticemigrationof1830-31。Eventhoughwiththepassageoftimemostoftheplayershaddisappearedfromthestagetherestillremainedafewnobleruinswho，stoicallyindifferenttothecourseofhistoryandtheirownlackofsuccess，continuedtheiractivitiesasagitators，devisedcomprehensiveplans，formedprovisionalgovernmentsandhurledproclamationsintotheworldineverydirection。Itisobviousthattheseexperiencedswindlerswereinfinitelysuperiortotheyoungergenerationinbusinessknow-how。
Itwasthisveryknow-howacquiredthrougheighteenyearspracticeinconspiring，scheming，intriguing，proclaiming，duping，showingoffandpushingoneselftotheforethatgaveMr。MazzinithecheekandtheassurancetoinstallhimselfastheCentralCommitteeofEuropeandemocracysupportedonlybythreestrawmenofmuchsmallerexperienceinsuchmatters。
NoonewasmorefavouredbycircumstancestobecometheverytypeoftheémigréagitatorthanourfriendHarroHarring。AndindeedhedidbecometheprototypewhomallourheroesoftheExile，alltheArnolds，GustavsandGottfriedsstrovemoreorlessconsciouslyandwithvaryingsuccesstoemulate。Theymayevenequalhimifcircumstancesarenotunfavourable，buttheywillhardlysurpasshim。
HarrowholikeCaesarhashimselfdescribedhisowngreatdeeds（London1852）wasbornonthe\"Cimbrianpeninsula\"andbelongstothatvisionaryNorthFrisianracewhichhasalreadybeenshownbyDr。Clementtohaveproducedallthegreatnationsoftheworld。
\"Alreadyinearlyyouth\"heattemptedto\"setthesealofactionuponhisenthusiasmforthecauseofthepeoples\"bygoingtoGreecein1821。WeseehowFriendHarrohadanearlypremonitionofhismissiontobeeverywherewhereconfusionreigned。Lateron\"astrangefateledhimtothesourceofabsolutism，tothevicinityoftheCzarandhehadseenthroughtheJesuitismofconstitutionalmonarchyinPoland\"。
SoHarrofoughtforfreedominPolandalso。But\"thecrisisinthehistoryofEuropefollowingthefallofWarsawgreatlyperplexedhim\"，andhisperplexityledhimtotheideaof\"thedemocracyofnations\"，whichheatonce\"documentedinthework：TheNations，Strasbourg，March1832\"。ItisworthremarkingthatthisworkwasalmostquotedattheHambacherFest。[48]Atthesametimehepublishedhis\"republicanpoems：Blutstropfen[DropsofBlood];TheHistoryofKingSaulortheMonarchy;MalevoicesonGermany’sFreedom\"andeditedthejournalDeutschlandinStrasbourg。AlltheseandevenhisfuturewritingshadtheunexpectedgoodfortunetobebannedbytheFederalDietonNovember4，1831。Thiswastheonlythinghestilllacked，onlynowdidheachieverealimportanceandalsothemartyr’scrown。Sothathecouldexclaim\"Mywritingswereeverywherewellreceivedandechoedloudlyintheheartsofthepeople。Theyweremostlydistributedgratis。
InthecaseofsomeofthemIdidnotevenreceiveenoughtocovertheCostsofprinting。\"
Butnewhonoursstillawaitedhim。In1831Mr。Welckerhadvainlyattemptedinalongletter\"toconverthimtotheverticalhorizonofconstitutionalmonarchy\"。Andnow，inJanuary1832，therecameavisitfromMr。Malten，awell-knownPrussianagentabroad，whoproposedthatheshouldenterPrussianservice。Whatdoublerecognitionthiswas——andfromtheenemytoo！Enough，Malten’soffer\"triggeredofftheideathatinthefaceofthisdynastictreacheryheshouldgivebirthtotheconceptofScandinaviannationality\"，and\"fromthattimeonatleastthewordScandinaviawasrebornafterhavingbeenforgottenforcenturies\"。
InthismannerourNorthFrisianfromSouthJutlandwhodidnotknowhimselfwhetherhewasaGermanoraDaneacquiredatleastanimaginarynationalitywhosefirstconsequencewasthatthemenofHambachwouldhavenothingtodowithhim。
WithalltheseeventsbehindhimHarro’sfortunewasmade。VeteranoffreedominGreeceandPoland，theinventorof\"democracyofnations\"，re-discovereroftheword\"Scandinavia\"，poetacknowledgedbythebanoftheFederalDiet，thinkerandjournalist，martyr，agreatmanesteemedevenbyhisenemies，amanwhoseallegianceconstitutionalists，absolutistsandrepublicansviedwitheachothertopossessand，withallthat，empty-headedandconfusedenoughtobelieveinhisowngreatness——whatthenwasneededtomakehishappinesscomplete？ButHarrowasaconscientiousmanandashisfamegrewsodidthedemandswhichhemadeuponhimselfWhatwasmissingwasagreatworkthatwouldpresentinanentertainingandpopularformthegreatdoctrinesoffreedom，theideaofdemocracy，andofnationalityandallthesublimestrugglesforfreedomonthepartoftheyouthfulEuropearisingbeforehisveryeyes。NonebutapoetandthinkeroftheveryfirstrankcouldproducesuchaworkandnonebutHarrocouldbethisman。Thusarosethefirstthreeplaysofthe\"dramaticcycle\"ThePeople，ofwhichthereweretwelvepartsinall，oneoftheminDanish，alabourtowhichtheauthordevotedtenyearsofhislife。Unfortunatelyelevenofthesetwelvepartshave\"hithertoremainedinmanuscript\"。
However，thisdallyingwiththemusewasnottolastforever。
\"Inthewinterof1832-1833amovementwaspreparedinGermany——whichwasbroughttoatragicendintheskirmishinFrankfurt。Iwasentrustedwiththetaskoftakingthefortress（？）inKehlonthenightof6April。
Menandweaponswereattheready。\"
UnfortunatelyitallcametonothingandHarrohadtoretiretothedepthsofFrancewherehewrotehisWordsofaMan。FromtherehewassummonedtoSwitzerlandbythePolesarmingthemselvesfortheirmarchonSavoy。
Herehebecame\"attachedtotheirGeneralStaff\"，wroteafurthertwopartsofhisdramaticcycleThePeople，andmadetheacquaintanceofMazziniinGeneva。Thewholebandoffire-eatersconsistingofPolish，French，German，ItalianandSwissadventurersunderthecommandofthenobleRamorinothenmadetheirfamousattackonSavoy。[49]InthiscampaignourHarro\"discoveredthevalueofhislifeandstrength\"。
Butastheotherfreedomfightersfelt\"thevalueoftheirlives\"nolessthanHarroandnodoubthadjustasfewillusionsabouttheir\"strength\"
theexploitendedbadlyandtheyreturnedtoSwitzerlandbeaten，dishevelledandindisarray。
Thiscampaignwasallthatwasneededtogiveourbandofemigrantknightsacompleteinsightintotheterrortheyinspiredinthetyrants。
AslongastheaftermathoftheJulyRevolutioncouldstillbefeltinisolatedinsurrectionsinFrance，GermanyorItaly，aslongastheyfeltsomeoneorotherstandingbehindthemourémigréheroesfeltthemselvestobebutatomsintheseethingmasses——moreorlessprivileged，prominentatoms，tobesure，butinthelastanalysistheywerestillatoms。Butastheseinsurrectionsgraduallygrewfeebler，asthegreatmassof\"lackeys\"，ofthe\"half-hearted\"andthe\"menoflittlefaith\"retiredfromtheputschistswindlesandasourknightsfeltincreasinglylonely，sodidtheirself-esteemgrowinproportion。IfthewholeofEuropebecamecraven，stupidandselfish，howcouldourtrustyheroesfailtogrowintheirownestimation，forweretheynotthepriestswhokeptthesacredfiresofhatredforalltyrantsburningintheirbreastsandwhomaintainedthetraditionsofvirtueandloveoffreedomforamorevigorousgenerationyettocome！Iftheytoodesertedtheflagthetyrantswouldbesafeforever。Solikethedemocratsof1848theysawineverydefeataguaranteeoffuturevictoryandtheygraduallytransformedthemselvesmoreandmoreintoitinerantDonQuixoteswithdubioussourcesofincome。
Oncearrivedatthispointtheycouldplantheirgreatestactofheroism，thefoundationof\"YoungEurope\"whoseCharterofBrotherhoodwasdrawnupbyMazziniandsignedinBerneon15April1834。Harroappearsinitas\"initiatoroftheCentralCommittee，adoptivememberofYoungGermanyandYoungItalyandalsoasrepresentativeoftheScandinavianbranch\"
whichhe\"stillrepresentstoday\"。
ThedateoftheCharterofBrotherhoodmarksforHarrothegreatepochfromwhichcalculationsaremadeforwardsandbackwards，thusreplacingthebirthofChrist。Itisthehighpointofhislife。Hewasco-dictatorofEuropeinpartibusandalthoughtheworldknewnothingofhimhewasoneofthemostdangerousmenalive。Noonestoodbehindhimbuthismanyunpublishedworks，afewGermanartisansinSwitzerlandandadozenpoliticalspeculatorswhohadseenbetterdays——butforthatveryreasonhecouldclaimthatallthepeopleoftheworldwereonhisside。Foritisthefateofallgreatmennottoberecognisedbytheirownagewhereasthefuturebelongstothem。AndHarrohadtakencareofthefuture——hehaditinblackandwhiteinhisbagintheformoftheCharterofBrotherhood。
ButnowbeganHarro’sdecline。Hisfirstsorrowwasthat\"YoungGermanysplitofffromYoungEuropein1836\"。ButGermanywasdulypunishedforthat。Becauseofthesplit\"nothinghadbeenpreparedforanationalmovementinGermanyearlyin1848\"andthisiswhyeverythingendedsomiserably。
ButamuchgreatersorrowforHarrowasthegrowthofcommunism。
Welearnfromhimthatthefounderofcommunismwasnoneotherthan\"thecynicJohannesMüllerfromBerlin，theauthorofaveryinterestingpamphletonPrussianpolicy，Altenburg1831\"。MüllerwenttoEnglandwhere\"theonlyavailableopeningforhimwasinSmithfieldMarketwherehehadtotendswineatthecrackofdawn\"。
CommunismsoonbegantospreadamongtheGermanartisansinFranceandSwitzerlandanditbecameaverydangerousenemyforHarroasitcutofftheonlymarketforhiswritings。Thiswasduetothe\"indirectcensorshipofcommunism\"fromwhichpoorHarrohassufferedtothisverydayandindeeditisnowworsethaneverashesadlyconfessesand\"asthefateofmydramaTheDynastyproves\"。ThisindirectcommunistcensorshipevensucceededinexpellingHarrofromEuropeandsohewenttoRiodeJaneiro（in1840）wherehelivedforatimeasapainter。\"Usinghistimeconscientiouslyhereaseverywhere\"hebroughtoutanewwork：\"PoemsofaScandinavian（2000copies）whichhasbeendistributedsowidelyamongsea-faringpeopleastohavebecomeanoceanicbest-seller\"。
However，his\"scrupuloussenseofobligationtowardsYoungEurope\"
unfortunatelyledhimtoreturntotheOldWorld。
He\"hastenedtoMazziniinLondonandsoonperceivedthedangerthatthreatenedthecauseofthepeoplesfromcommunism\"。
Newdeedsawaitedhim。TheBandierabrothers[50]werepreparingfortheirexpeditiontoItaly。TosupportthemandtodiverttheforcesofdespotismHarro\"returnedtoSouthAmericawhereinunionwithGaribaldihededicatedhimselftofurtheringtheideaofaUnitedStatesofSouthAmerica\"。
ButthedespotshadgotwindofhismissionandHarrotooktohisheels。HesailedtoNewYork。
\"DuringthevoyageIwasveryactiveintellectuallyandwroteamongotherthingsadrama：ThePowerofIdeas，whichbelongedtothedramaticcycleThePeople——thistoohasremainedinMS。uptonow！\"
FromSouthAmericahebroughtwithhimtoNewYorkaprogrammefromagroupallegedtobeaffiliatedwithHumanidad。
ThenewsoftheFebruaryRevolutioninspiredhimtoproduceapamphletinFrench，LaFranceréveilléeandwhileembarkingforEurope\"Idocumentedmyloveformycountryonceagaininsomepoems，Scandinavia\"。
HewenttoSchleswig-Holstein。Here，afteranabsenceoftwentysevenyears，he\"discoveredanunheardofconceptualconfusioninthesphereofinternationallaw，democracy，republicanismsocialismandcommunism，achaoswhichlaylikerottinghayandstrawintheAugeanstablesofpartyfactionsandnationalhatred\"。
Nowonder，forhis\"politicalwritings\"likehis\"wholestrivingandactivitiessince1831hadremainedalienandunknowninthosefrontierprovincesofmyhomecountry\"。
TheAugustenburgParty[51]hadsuppressedhimforeighteenyearsbymeansofaconspiracyofsilence。Todealwiththishegirtonasabre，arifle，fourpistolsandsixdaggersandcalledfortheformationofafreecorps，butinvain。AftervariousadventureshefinallyarrivedinHull。HerehehastenedtoissuetwocircularstothepeoplesofSchleswig-Holstein，ScandinaviaandGermanyandevensentanote，ashasbeenreported，totwocommunistsinLondonwiththismessage：
\"FivethousandworkersinNorwaysendyoufraternalgreetingsthroughme。
DespitethiscuriousappealhesoonbecameasleepingpartneroftheEuropeanCentralCommitteeagain，thankstotheCharterofBrotherhood，andhealsobecame\"nigh/watchmanandemployeeofayoungfirmofbrokersinGravesendontheThameswheremytaskwastodrumuptradeamongships’
captainsinninedifferentlanguagesuntilIwasaccusedoffraud，athingwhichthephilosopherJohannesMüllerwasatleastsparedinhiscapacityasswineherd\"。
Harrosummarisedhisaction-packedlifeasfollows：
\"ItcaneasilybecalculatedthatapartfrommypoemsIhavegivenawaymorethan18，000copiesofmywritingsinGerman（varyingfrom10
shillingsto3Marksinprice，andhenceamountingtoaround25，000Marksintoto）tothedemocraticmovement。Ihaveneverevenbeenreimbursedfortheprintingcosts，letalonereceivedanyprofitformyself。\"
WiththiswebringtheadventuresofourdemagogicHidalgofromtheSouthJutlandManchatoaclose。InGreeceandBrazil，ontheVistulaandLaPlata，inSchleswig-HolsteinandinNewYork，inLondonandinSwitzerland：
therepresentativeofYoungEuropeandoftheSouthAmericanHumanidad，painter，nightwatchmanandemployee，peddlerofhisownwritings;amongPolesonedayandgauchosthenext，andship’scaptainsthedayafterthat;
unacknowledged，abandoned，ignoredbuteverywhereanitinerantknightoffreedomwithathoroughgoingdislikeofordinarybourgeoishardwork——
ourheroatalltimesinallcountriesandinallcircumstancesremainshimself;withthesameconfusion，thesamemeddlesomepretensions，thesamefaithinhimselfHewillalwaysdefytheworldandneverceasetosay，writeandprintthatsince1831hehasbeenthemainspringofworldhistory。
XDespitehisunexpectedsuccesseshithertoArnoldhadnotyetarrivedatthegoalofhislabours。AsGermany’srepresentativebythegraceofMazzini，hewasundertheobligationontheonehandtoobtainconfirmationofhisappointmentatleastbytheGermanemigrationand，ontheotherhand，topresenttheCentralCommitteewithpeoplewhorespectedhisleadership。HedidindeedclaimthatinGermany\"therewasaclearlydefinedpartofthepeoplebehindhim\"butthishindportioncouldscarcelyinspiremuchconfidenceinMazziniandLedruaslongastheycouldseenothingbuttheRugefrontportion。SufficeittosaythatArnoldhadtolookaroundamongtheémigrésfora\"clearlydefined’’tail。
AtaboutthistimeGottfriedKinkelcametoLondonandtogetherwithhimorsoonafterwardsanumberofotherexilespartlyfromFrance，partlyfromSwitzerlandandBelgium：Schurz，Strodtmann，Oppenheim，Schimmelpfennig，Techow，etc。ThesenewarrivalssomeofwhomhadalreadytriedtheirhandatformingprovisionalgovernmentsinSwitzerland，infusednewlifeintotheLondonemigrationandforArnoldthemomentseemedmorefavourablethanever。AtthesametimeHeinzenagaintookovertheSchnellpostinNewYorkandsoArnoldcouldnowmakehis\"frequentappearances\"ontheothersideoftheoceanandnotustinthelocalBremenpaper。ShouldArnoldeverfindhisStrodtmannthelatterwouldsurelydeclarethemonthlynumbersoftheSchnellpostfromthebeginningof1851ontobeapricelesssourceofinformation。Onehastoseethisinfinitelyfeeblemixtureofgossip，sillinessandnastiness，thisant-likeself-importancewithwhichArnolddepositshisdung，forotherwiseonewouldnotbelieveit。WhileHeinzenportraysArnoldasaEuropeanGreatPower，ArnoldtreatsHeinzenasanAmericannewspaperoracle。HetellshimthesecretsofEuropeandiplomacyandinparticularthelatesteventsinthehistoryofworldemigration。
ArnoldsometimesfiguresastheanonymouscorrespondentinLondonandParisinordertokeeptheAmericanpublicinformedofsomeofthegreatArnold’sfashionablemovements。
\"OnceagainArnoldRugehasthecommunistsbythethroat\"——\"ArnoldRugeyesterday（datedfromParissothatthedatinggivestheoldjokeraway）madeanexcursionfromBrightontoLondon。\"Andagain：\"ArnoldRugetoKarlHeinzen：DearFriendandEditor……Mazzinisendshisgreetings……Ledru-RollingiveshispermissiontotranslatehispamphletontheJune13th\"andsoon。
AletterfromAmericahasthiscommenttomake：
\"AsIseefromRuge’slettersintheSchnellpostHeinzenmustbewritingRuge（privately）allsortsoffunnystoriesabouttheimportanceofhispaperinAmerica，whileRugeseemstoactasifhewereamajorEuropeangovemment。WheneverRugeimpartsamomentouspieceofinformationtoHeinzenheneveromitstoadd：Youcanaskothernewspaperstoreprintthis。AsiftheywouldhesitatetoprintnewsregardlessofRuge’sauthorisation。
Incidentally，IhaveneverseenthesemomentousreportsactuallyappearanywhereelsedespiteRuge’sadviceandpermission。\"
FatherRugeemployedboththispaperandtheBremerTagesChroniktowinovernewarrivalsbyflattery：Kinkelisherenow，thepatriotandpoetofgenius;Strodtmann，agreatwriter;Schurz，ayoungmanasamiableasheisbold，andawholearrayofdistinguishedrevolutionarywarriors。
MeanwhileincontrasttotheMazziniCommitteeaplebeianEuropeanCommitteewasformedwiththesupportofthe\"inferiorrefugees\"
andtheémigrédregsofthevariousEuropeannations。
AtthetimeofthebattleofBronzellthiscommitteehadissuedamanifestothatincludedthefollowingoutstandingGermansignatories：Gebert，Majer，Dietz，Schärttner，Schapper，Willich。ThisdocumentwascouchedinpeculiarFrenchandcontainedtheinformationthatatthatmoment（10November1850）theHolyAllianceofTyrantshadassembled1，330，000soldiersbackedbyanother700，000armedlackeysinreserve;that\"theGermanpapersandtheCommittee’sowncontacts\"hadrevealedthesecretintentionsoftheWarsawConferences[52]andthattheseweretomassacrealltherepublicansofEurope。Thiswasfollowedbytheinevitablecalltoarms。This\"manifeste-Faneron-Caperon-Gouté\"asitwasdescribedbythePatrie（towhomtheysentit）wasoverwhelmedwithridiculebythereactionarypress。ThePatriecalledit\"themanifestoofthediiminorumgentium，writtenwithoutchic，withoutstyleandequippedwithonlythemostbanalclichés，’serpents’，’sicaires’and’égorgements’\"。
TheIndépendenceBelgestatesthatitwaswrittenbythemostobscuresoldiersofdemocracy，poordevilswhohadsentittotheircorrespondentinLondoneventhoughtheirpaperwasconservative。
Greatlyastheylongedtogetintoprint，theywouldneverthelessnotpublishthenamesofthesignatoriesasapunishment。Despitetheirattemptstobegfromthereactionthesenoblepeopledidnotmanagetoobtainrecognitionasdangerousconspirators。
TheestablishmentofthisrivalfirmspurredArnoldontoevengreaterefforts。TogetherwithStrave，Kinkel，R。SchrammandBucher，etc。
hetriedtofoundaVolksfreund，or，ifGustavweretoinsist，aDeutscherZuschauer。Buttheplanfellthrough。Partlybecauseour\"good-humoured\"GottfrieddemandedpaymentincashwhereasArnoldsharedHansemann’sviewthatinmoneymattersthereisnoroomforgoodhumour。
Arnold’sparticularaimwastoimposealevyontheReadingCircle，aclubofGermanwatchmakers，well-paidworkersandpettybourgeois，butinthistoohewasfrustrated。
ButsoontherearoseanotheropportunityforArnoldtomakeoneofhis\"frequentappearances\"。LedruandhissupportersamongtheFrenchémigréscouldnotlet24February（1851）[53]passwithoutcelebratinga\"FraternalFeast\"ofthenationsofEurope。
InfactonlytheFrenchandtheGermansattended。Mazinididnotcomeandexcusedhimselfbyletter：Gottfriedwhowaspresentwenthomefumingbecausehismutepresencefailedtoproducethemagicaleffectheexpected;ArnoldlivedtoseethedaywhenhisfriendLedrupretendednottoknowhimandbecamesoconfusedwhenhearosetospeakthathekeptquietabouttheFrenchspeechhehadpreparedandwhichhadbeenapprovedinhighplaces;
hejuststammeredafewwordsinGermanandretreatedprecipitately，exclaiming：
Àlarestaurationdelarévolution！totheaccompanimentofageneralshakingofheads。
Onthesamedayarivalbanquettookplaceundertheauspicesofthecompetingcommitteereferredtoabove。AnnoyedthattheMazzini-LedrucommitteehadnotinvitedhimtojointhemfromthebeginningLouisBlanctookhimselfofftotherefugeemob，declaringthat\"thearistocracyoftalentmustalsobeabolished\"。Thewholeloweremigrationwasthusassembled。
ThechivalrousWillichpresided。Thehallwasfestoonedwithflagsandthewallswereemblazonedwiththenamesofthegreatestmenofthepeople：
WaldeckbetweenGaribaldiandKossuth，JacobybetweenBlanquiandCabet，RobertBlumbetweenBarbèsandRobespierre。ThatcoquettishapeLouisBlancreadoutinawhiningvoiceanaddressfromhisoldEeyorebrothers，thefuturepeersofthesocialrepublic，thedelegatesoftheLuxemburgof1848。WillichreadoutanaddressfromSwitzerlandthesignaturestowhichhadpartlybeencollectedunderfalsepresences。Laterhewasindiscreetenoughtopublishtheaddress，whichresultedinthemassexpulsionofthesignatories。FromGermanynomessagehadarrived。Thenspeeches。
Despitetheeternalbrotherhoodboredomcouldbeseenoneveryface。
ThebanquetgaverisetoahighlyedifyingscandalwhichliketheheroicdeedsoftheEuropeancentralmob-committee，unfoldedwithinthepagesofthecounter-revolutionarypress。IthadstruckobserversasverystrangethatduringthebanquetacertainBarthélemyshouldhavegivenanextremelygrandioseeulogyofBlanquiinthepresenceofLouisBlanc。Thepuzzlewasnowelucidated。ThePatrieprintedatoastthatBlanquihadsentfromBelle-Îleinresponsetoarequestfromtheoratoratthebanquet。Inthetoastheaimedsomeroughblowsatthewholeprovisionalgovernmentof1848andatLouisBlancinparticular。
ThePatrieexpressedastonishmentthatthistoasthadbeensuppressedinthecourseofthebanquet。LouisBlancatoncewrotetoTheTimesdeclaringthatBlanquiwasanabominableintriguerandhadneversentsuchatoasttotheBanquetcommittee。ThecommitteeconsistingofMessrs，Blanc，Willich，Landolphe，Schapper，BarthélemyandVidil，announcedsimultaneouslyinthePatriethattheyhadneverreceivedthetoast。ThePatrie，however，didnotallowthedeclarationtobeprinteduntiltheyhadmadeinquiriesofM。Antoine，Blanqui’sbrother-in-law，whohadgiventhemthetextofthetoast。BeneaththedeclarationoftheBanquetcommitteetheyprintedM。Antoine’sreply：hehadsentthetoasttoBarthélemy，oneofthesignatoriesofthedeclarationandhadreceivedanacknowledgementfromhim。WhereuponMr。Barthélemywasforcedtoadmitthatitwastruethathehadlied。Hehadindeedreceivedthetoastbuthadthoughtitunsuitableandsohadnotinformedthecommitteeofit。Butbeforethis，behindBarthélemy’sbackhisco-signatory，theFrenchax-captainVidilhadalsowrittentothePatriesayingthathishonourasasoldierandhissenseoftruthcompelledhimtoconfessthatnotonlyhebutalsoLouisBlanc，Willichandalltheothersignatoriesofthefirstdeclarationhadlied。Thecommitteehadconsistedof13membersandnot6。TheyhadallseenBlanqui’stoast，theyhaddiscusseditandafteralongdebateagreedtosuppressitbyamajorityof7votesto6。Hehadbeenonewhohadvotedinfavourofreadingitinpublic。
ItiseasytoimaginethejoyofthePatriewhenitreceivedBarthélemy’sdeclarationafterVidil’sletter。Theyprinteditwiththispreface：
\"Wehaveoftenaskedourselves，anditisadifficultquestiontoanswer，whetherthedemagoguesarenotablemorefortheirstupidityortheirboastfulness。
AfourthletterfromLondonhasincreasedourperplexity。Theretheyare，wedonotknowhowmanypoorwretches，whoaresotormentedbythelongingtowriteandtoseetheirnamespublishedinthereactionarypressthattheyareundeterredevenbytheprospectofinfinitehumiliationandmortification。Whatdotheycareforthelaughterandtheindignationofthepublic——theJournaldesDébats，theAssembléerationaleandthePatriewillfindspacefortheirstylisticexercises;toachievethisnocosttothecauseofcosmopolitandemocracycanbetoohigh……Inthenameofliterarycommiserationweincludethefollowingletterfrom’Citizen’Barthélemy——itisanovel，and，wehope，thelastproofoftheauthenticityofBlanqui’sfamoustoastwhoseexistencetheyfirstalldeniedandnowfightamongthemselvesfortherighttoacknowledge。\"
XI\"Theactualforceofevents\"，touseoneofArnold’sall-pervadingbeautifulforms，nowtookthefollowingcourse。On24February，RugehadcompromisedhimselfandtheGermanémigrésinthepresenceofforeigners。Hencethefewémigréswhostillfeltinclinedtogoalongwithhimfeltinsecureandwithoutanysupport。Arnoldputtheblameonthedivisionintheemigrationandpressedharderthaneverforunity。Compromisedashewas，hestillreachedeagerlyforthechancetocompromisehimselffurther。
HencetheAnniversaryoftheMarchrevolutioninViennawasusedtogiveaGermanbanquet。ThechivalrousWillichdeclinedtheinvitation;ashebelongedto\"citizen\"LouisBlanchecouldnotcollaboratewith\"citizen\"Rugewhobelongedto\"citizen\"Ledru。Likewisetheex-deputiesReichenbach，Schramm，Bucher，etc。，recoiledfromRuge’spresence。NotcountingthesilentgueststhereappearedMazzini，Ruge，Struve，Tausenau，Haug，RongeandKinkel——allofwhomspoke。
Rugefilledtheroleof\"thecompletefool\"asevenhisfriendsadmitted。TheGermanpublicwashowevertoexperienceevengreaterthings。
Tausenau’sclowning，Struve’scroaking，Haug’smeanderings，Ronge’slitaniesturnedthewholeaudiencetostoneandthemajoritydriftedawayevenbeforethatflowerofrhetoric，Jeremiah-Kinkel，whohadbeensavedforthedessert，couldbeginhisspeech。\"Inthenameofthemartyrs\"forthemartyrs，Gottfriedspokeasamartyrandutteredlachrymosewordsofreconciliationtoall\"fromthesimpledefenderoftheconstitutiondowntotheredrepublican\"。
Atthesametimeasalltheserepublicans，andevenredrepublicans，likeKinkel，groanedawayinthisfashion，theyalsokneltdownbeforetheEnglishconstitutioninhumbleadoration，acontradictiontowhichtheMorningChroniclepolitelydrewtheirattentionthefollowingmorning。
ThesameeveningRugesawthefulfilmentofhisdesiresascanbeseenfromaproclamationwhosemostbrilliantsectionsweofferhere：
\"TotheGermans！
\"BrothersandfriendsinGermany！We，theundersigned，constituteatpresentanduntilsuchtimeasyoudecidedifferently，thecommitteeforGermanaffairs\"（irrespectivewhichaffairs）。
\"TheCentralCommitteeoftheEuropeandemocraticmovementhassentusArnoldRuge，theBadenrevolutionhassentGustavStruve，theVienneserevolutionhassentusErnstHaug，thereligiousmovementhassentusJohannesRongeandprisonhassentusGottfriedKinkel，wehaveinvitedthesocial-democraticworkerstosendarepresentativetoourmidst。
\"Germanbrothers！Eventshavedeprivedyouofyourfreedom……
weknowthatyouareincapableofabandoningyourfreedomforeverandwehaveomittednothing\"（inthewayofcommitteesandmanifestoes）\"thatmightaccelerateyourrecoveryofit。
\"Whenwe……whenwegaveourguaranteeandoursupporttotheMazziniloan，whenwe……whenweinvokedtheHolyAllianceofpeoplesagainsttheunholyallianceoftheiroppressors，weonlydid，asyouknow，whatyouwishedwithallyourheartstoseedone……Thetyrantshavebeenarraignedbeforetheuniversalcourtofmankindinthegreattrialoffreedom\"
（andwithArnoldaspublicprosecutor，the\"tyrants\"cansleepinpeace）
\"……arson，murder，pillaging，hungerandbankruptcywillsoonbewidespreadthroughoutGermany。
\"YouhavetheexampleofFrancebeforeyoureyes——Smoulderingwithfuryitismoreunitedthaneverinitsdeterminationtoliberateitself\"（Iaskyou，whoonearthcouldhaveforeseenthe2December！）——
lookatHungary，eventheCroatshavebeenconverted\"（thankstotheDeutscherZuschauerandRuge’swood-shavingcoats）——\"andbelieveus，forweknow，whenwesaythatPolandisimmortal\"（Mr。Daraszconfidedthispieceofinformationtothemundersolemnoathofsecrecy）。
\"Forceagainstforce——thatisthejusticethatisbeingprepared。
Andweshallleavenothingundonetobringintobeingamoreeffectiveprovisionalgovernment\"（aha！）\"thantheVorparlament[54]andamorepotentarmofthepeoplethantheNationalAssembly\"（seebelowwhatthesegentlemenbroughtintobeingwhentheyattemptedtoleadeachotherbythenose）。
\"Ourdraftproposalsconcerningthefinancesandthepress\"（Articles1and2ofthestrongprovisionalgovernment——theCustomsOfficer，ChristianMüller，istobegiventhetaskofimplementingthismeasure）\"shallbepresentedseparately。WewishonlytosaythateverypurchasefortheItalianLoanwillbeofimmediatebenefittoourCommitteeandtoourcauseandthatforthemomentyoucanhelpinapracticalwayaboveallbyensuringaliberalsupplyofmoney。Weshallthenknowhowtotranslatethismoneyintopublicopinionandpublicviolence。（WithArnoldastranslator）\"……Wesaytoyou：Subscribe10millionFrancsandweshallliberatetheContinent！
\"Germans，remember……\"（thatyousingbaritoneandlightfiresonthemountains）\"……Iendusyourthoughts\"（whichweneedalmostasbadlyasyourmoney），\"yourpurse\"（yes，don’tforgetthat）\"andyourarm！
WeexpectyourzealtoincreasewiththeintensityofyoursufferingsandthattheCommitteeshallbeadequatelystrengthenedforthehourofdecisionbyyourpresentcontributions。\"（Ifnot，theywouldhavetoresorttospirituousliquorwhichwouldbeagainstGustav’sprinciples。）
\"Alldemocratsareinstructedtopubliciseourappeal\"
（theCustomsOfficer，ChristianMüller，willtakecareoftherest）。
\"London，13March1851
TheCommitteeforGermanAffairsArnoldRuge，GustavStruve，ErnstHaug，JohannesRonge，GottfriedKinkel\"
OurreadersarenowacquaintedwithGottfried，theyarealsoacquaintedwithGustav;Arnold’s\"frequentappearances\"havelikewisebeenrepeatedoftenenough。Sothereremainbuttwomembersofthe\"effectiveprovisionalgovemment\"whomwehavestilltointroduce。
JohannesRongeorJohannesKurzwegashelikestobeknowninhisintimatecircle，iscertainlynottheauthoroftheBookofRevelations。Thereisnothingmysteriousabouthim，heisbanal，hackneyed，asinsipidaswater，luke-warmdish-water。AsiswellknownJohannesbecamefamouswhenherefusedtopermittheHolyMantle[55]inTriertointercedeforhim——thoughitiswhollyunimportantwhointercedesforJohannes。WhenJohannesfirstmadehisappearancetheelderlyPaulus[56]expressedhisregretsthatHegelwasdeadashewouldnolongerbeabletoregardhimasshallowwerehealiveandheaddedthatthelatelamentedKrugwasluckytobedeadashetherebyescapedthedangerofacquiringareputationforprofundity。Johannesisoneofthosephenomenaoftenmetwithinhistorywhoonlybegintounderstandamovementcenturiesafteritsriseandfallandwhothenlikechildrenreproducethecontentofthemovementasifithadjustbeendiscovered，regurgitatingitinthemostfeeble，colourlessandphilistinicmannerimaginable。SuchcraftsmanshipdoesnotlastverylongandsoonourJohannesfoundhimselfinadailydeterioratingsituationinGermany。Hiswatered-downversionoftheEnlightenmentwentoutoffashionandJohannesmadeapilgrimagetoEnglandwhereweseehimreappear，withoutanynotablesuccess，astherivalofPadreGavazzi。[57]Theungainly，sallow，tediousvillageparsonnaturallypaledbythesideofthefiery，histrionicItalianmonkandtheEnglishbetheavilythatthisaridJohannescouldnotbethemanwhohadsetthedeep-thinkingGermannationinmotion。
ButhewasconsoledbyArnoldRugewhofoundthattheGerman-CatholicismofourJohanneswasremarkablysimilartohisownbrandofatheism。
LudwigvonHauckhadbeenacaptainofengineersintheImperialAustrianarmy，thenco-editoroftheConstitutioninVienna，laterstillleaderofabattalionintheVienneseNationalGuard，wherehedefendedtheBurgtoragainsttheImperialarmyonOctober30withgreatcourage，abandoninghispostonlyafterallwaslost。HeescapedtoHungary，joinedupwithBem’sarmyinSiebenburgenwhereinconsequenceofhisvelourheadvancedtotherankofcolonelinthegeneralstaff。AfterGörgysurrenderedatVilagosLudwigHauckwastakenprisoneranddiedlikeaheroononeofthemanygallowsthattheAustrianserectedinHungarytoavengetheirrepeateddefeatsandtoexpresstheirfuryattheprotectionRussiahadextendedandwhichtheysobitterlyresented。InLondonHaugwaslongthoughttobetheincarceratedHauck，anofficer，whohadsodistinguishedhimselfintheHungariancampaign。However，itnowseemstobeestablishedthatheisnotthelateHauck。JustashewasunabletopreventMazzinifromimprovisinghimintoageneralafterthefallofRome，sotoohecoulddonothingtostopArnoldRugefromtransforminghimintotherepresentativeoftheVienneserevolutionandamemberofthestrongprovisionalgovernment。
Laterhegaveaestheticlecturesabouttheeconomicfoundationsofthecosmogonyofuniversalhistoryfromageologicalstandpointandwithmusicalaccompaniment。Amongtheémigrésthismelancholicmanisknownas\"thepoorwretch\"，orastheFrenchsay，\"labonnebête\"。
Arnoldcouldnotbelievehisgoodfortune。Hehadamanifesto，astrongprovisionalgovernment，aloanoftenmillionfrancsandevenahomunculustoproduceaweeklymagazinewiththemodesttitleKosmos，editedbyGeneralHaug。
Themanifestocameandwentunread。TheKosmosdiedofmalnutritioninthethirdnumber，themoneyfailedtorollin，theprovisionalgovernmentdissolvedintoitscomponentsoncemore。
Atfirst，theKosmoscontainedadvertisementsforKinkel’slectures，fortheworthyWillich’sappealsformoneyfortheSchleswig-HolsteinrefugeesandforGöhringer’ssaloon。ItcontainedfurtheralampoonbyArnold。TheoldjokerinventedacertainhospitablefriendcalledMüllerinGermanywhoseguest，Schulze，hepretendedtobe。MüllerexpressesastonishmentatwhathereadsinthepapersaboutEnglishhospitality;
hefearsthatallthis\"sybaritisrn\"maydistractSchulzefromhis\"affairsofstate\"——buthedoesnotgrudgehimthisaswhenSchulzereturnstoGermanyhewillbesooverwhelmedbystateaffairsthathewillhavetodenyhimselfthepleasuresofMüller’shospitality。Finally，Müllerexclaims：\"SurelyitwasnotthetraitorRadowitz，butMazzini，Ledru-Rollin，CitizenWillich，Kinkelandyourself\"（ArnoldRuge）\"whowereinvitedtoWindsorCastle？\"
IfafterallthistheKosmosfoldedupafterthethirdissuethefailurecouldnotbeputdowntolackofpublicity，forateverypossibleEnglishmeetingthespeakerswouldfinditpressedintotheirhandswiththeurgentrequesttorecommenditastheywouldfindtheirownprinciplesspeciallyrepresentedinit。
Scarcelyhadthesubscriptionsfortheten-million-FrancloanbeenopenedthantherumourwentaroundthatalistofcontributorstoafundtodispatchStruve（andAmalia）toAmerica，wascirculatingintheCity。
\"WhentheCommitteeresolvedtopublishaGermanweeklywithHaugaseditor，StruveprotestedashewantedthepostofeditorforhimselfandwishedthejournaltobearthetitleDeutscherZuschauer。HavingprotestedheresolvedtogotoAmerica。\"
ThusfarthereportintheDeutscheSchnellpostofNewYork。Itremainssilentaboutthefact（andHeinzenhadhisreasonsforthis）thatasGustavwasacollaboratorontheDukeofBrunswick’sDeutscherLondonerZeitungMazzinihadstruckhisnameoffthelistoftheGermanCommittee。
GustavsoonacclimatisedhisDeutscherZuschauerinNewYork。Butsoonaftercamethenewsfromovertheocean：\"Gustav’sZuschauerisdead。\"Ashesays，thiswasnotforthelackofsubscribers，norbecausehehadnoleisureforwritingbutsimplybecauseofadearthofpayingsubscribers。However，thedemocraticrevisionofRotteck’sUniversalHistorycouldnotbepostponedanylonger，sogreatwastheneedforit，andashehadalreadybegunitI5yearspreviouslyhewouldgivethesubscribersacorrespondingnumberofissuesoftheUniversalHistoryinsteadoftheDeutscherZuschauer。Hewouldhavetorequestpaymentinadvanceforthistowhichinthecircumstancesnoonecouldobject。
AslongasGustavhadremainedonthissideoftheAtlanticHeinzenregardedhimalongwithRugeasthegreatestmaninEurope。Scarcelyhadhereachedtheothersidethanagreatscandalarosebetweenthem。
Gustavwrites：
\"Whenon6JuneinKarlsruheHeinzensawthatcannonwasbeingbroughtupheleftforStrasbourgwithfemalecompanions。\"
WhereuponHeinzencalledGustav\"asoothsayer\"。
ArnoldwasbusybroadcastingthevirtuesoftheKosmosinthejournalofhisfaithfuldiscipleHeinzen，whenitfailedtoappear，andataboutthetimewhenthestrongprovisionalgovernmentwasdisintegratingRodomonte-Heinzenwasbusyproclaiming\"militaryobedience\"towardsitinhisjournal。Heinzenisfamousforhisloveofthemilitaryinpeacetime。
\"ShortlyafterStruve’sdepartureKinkeltooresignedfromtheCommitteewhichwastherebyreducedtoimpotence。\"（DeutscheSchnellpost，No。23。）
WiththisthestrongprovisionalgovernmentdwindledstillfurtherandonlyMessrs。Ruge，Ronge，andHaugremainedinit。EvenArnoldrealisedthatwiththisTrinitynothingatallcouldbebroughtintoexistence，letaloneacosmos。Neverthelessthroughallthepermutations，variationsandcombinationsitremainedthenucleusofallhissubsequentattemptstoformcommittees。Anindefatigableman，hesawnoreasontothrowinhishand;afterallhisaimwasmerelytodosomethingthatwouldhavetheappearanceofaction，thesemblanceofprofoundpoliticalschemes，somethingthat，aboveall，wouldprovidematterforself-importantconsultations，frequentappearancesandcomplacentgossip。
AsforGottfried，hisdramaticlecturesforrespectablecitymerchantsdidnotallowhimtocompromisehimselfButontheotherhanditwasaltogethertooevidentthatthepurposeofthemanifestoofMarch13wasnoneotherthantoprovidesupportfortheplaceArnoldhadusurpedintheEuropeanCentralCommittee。EvenGottfriedcouldnotfailtorealisethis：butitwasnotinhisinteresttograntRugesuchrecognition。Soitcametopassthatshortlyafterthemanifestohadbeenpublished，theKölnischeZeitungprintedadeclarationbythatdamaacerba，Mockel。Herhusband，shewrote，hadnotsignedtheappeal，hewasnotinterestedinpublicloansandhadresignedfromthenewly-formedcommittee。WhereuponArnoldgossipedintheNewYorkSchnellposttotheeffectthatKinkelhadbeenpreventedbyillnessfromsigningthemanifesto，buthegavehisapproval，theplantoissueithadbeenconceivedinhisroom，hehadhimselftakenresponsibilityfordespatchinganumberofcopiestoGermanyandheonlyleftthecommitteebecauseitelectedGeneralHaugpresidentinpreferencetohimself。ArnoldaccompaniedthisdeclarationwithangryattacksonKinkel’svanity，callinghim\"absolutemartyr\"and\"theBeckerathofthedemocrats\"andaffirminghissuspicionsofMrs。JohannaKinkelwhohadaccesstosuchprohibitedjournalsastheKölnischeZeitung。
Inthemeantime，Arnold’sseedhadnotfallenonstonysoil。Kinkel’s\"beautifulsoul\"resolvedtoturnthetablesonhisrivalsandtoraisethetreasureofrevolutionalone。Johanna’sstatementdissociatinghimfromthishare-brainedschemehadscarcelyappearedintheKölnischeZeitungwhenGottfriedlaunchedhisownappealinthetransatlanticpaperswiththecommentthatthemoneyshouldbesenttotheman\"whoinspiresthemostconfidence\"。AndwhocouldthismanbebutGottfriedKinkel？Forthetimebeinghedemandedanadvancepaymentof500poundssterlingwithwhichtomanufacturerevolutionarypapermoney。Ruge，nottobeoutdone，hadtheSchnellpostdeclarethathewasthetreasureroftheDemocraticCentralCommitteeandthatMazzininoteswerealreadyavailableandcouldbepurchasedfromhim。Whoeverwishedtolose500poundssterlingwoulddobettertotaketheavailablenotesthantospeculateinsomethingthatdidnotevenexist。AndRodomonte-HeinzenroaredthatunlessMr。Kinkelabandonedhismanoeuvreshewouldbebrandedpubliclyasan\"enemyoftherevolution\"。Gottfriedhadcounter-articlespublishedintheNew-YorkerStaatszeitung，thedirectrivaloftheSchnellpost。Inthiswayfull-scalehostilitieswereinprogressontheothersideoftheAtlanticwhilekissesofJudaswerestillbeingexchangedinthisside。
ByissuinganappealforanationalloaninhisownnameGottfriedhadshockedthedemocraticrankandfile，ashesoonrealised。Tomakegoodhisblunderhenowdeclaredthat\"thisappealformoney，foraGermannationalloandidnotproceedfromhim。InalllikelihoodwhathadhappenedwasthatsomealltoozealousfriendsinAmericahadmadefreewithhisname。\"
ThisdeclarationprovokedthefollowinganswerfromDr。WissintheSchnellpost：
\"ItisgenerallyknownthattheappealtoagitateforaGermanLoanwassenttomebyGottfriedKinkelwiththeurgentrequesttopubliciseitinalltheGermannewspapersandIamreadyandwillingtoshowthislettertoanyonewhoisindoubtonthispoint。IfKinkelhasnowreallyallegedthecontrarytheonlyhonourablecourseforhimtopursueistoretracthisstatementspubliclyandtopublishmycorrespondencewithhimfromwhichitwillbecomeplaintothePartythatIwasquiteindependentandcertainlythatIdidnotexhibit’anexcessofzeal’。ShouldhenothavebeenguiltyoftheseallegationsitwasKinkel’sdutytodenouncethejournalistresponsibleforprintingthemasanevilslanderer，oriftherehadbeenamisunderstanding，asanirresponsibleandunscrupulousgossip。FormypartIamunabletobelieveKinkelcapableofsuchunmitigatedperfidy。Dr。C。Wiss。\"（WeeklysupplementoftheDeutscheSchnellpost。）
WhatwasKinkeltodo？Onceagainhethrusthisaspradonzellaintothebreach，hedenouncedMockelasthe\"irresponsible，unscrupulousgossip\"，heclaimedthathiswifehadpromotedtheloanbehindhisback。Itcannotbedeniedthatthistacticwashighly\"aesthetic\"。
ThusdidGottfriedswaylikeareed，nowadvancing，nowretreating，nowlaunchingaproject，nowdissociatinghimselffromit，alwaystackingtoadjusttothewindofpopularity。WhileheofficiallyallowedtheaestheticbourgeoisietofeteandfeasthiminLondonasthemartyroftheRevolutionbehindthebacksofthesamepeopleheindulgedinforbiddencommercewiththemoboftheEmigrationasrepresentedbyWillich。WhilelivingincircumstancesthatcouldbedescribedasluxuriousincomparisonwithhismodestsituationinBonn，hewrotetoSt。Louisthathewaslivingasbefittedthe\"representativeofpoverty\"。Inthiswayhebehavedtowardsthebourgeoisieasetiquetterequired，whileatthesametimehedeferredhumblytothetasteoftheproletariat。Butasamanwhoseimaginationfaroutweighedhisunderstandinghecouldnothelpfallingintothebadmannersandthearrogantposturesoftheparvenuandthisalienatedmanyapompousbonhommefromhim。WhollycharacteristicofhimwasthearticleontheGreatExhibitionthathewroteforKosmos。HeadmirednothingsomuchasthegiantmirrorthatwasexhibitedintheCrystalPalace。Theobjectiveworldreducesitselftoamirror，thesubjectiveworldtoacliché。Underthepretextofseeingonlythebeautifulsideofthingsheaestheticiseseverythingandthisprocesshedesignatespoetry，self-sacrificeorreligion，astheoccasiondemands。Fundamentally，everythingisusedtoexalthimself。Itisinevitablethatinpracticetheuglysideshouldmakeitsappearance，asimaginationturnsintoliesandenthusiasmintobaseness。InanycaseitwastobeexpectedthatGottfriedwouldsooncastoffhislion’sskinwhenhefellintothehandsofold，experiencedclownslikeGustavandArnold。
XIITheGreatIndustrialExhibitioninauguratedanewepochintheEmigration。ThegreatthrongofGermanPhilistinesthatfloodedintoLondonduringthesummer，feltillateaseinthebustleofthegreatCrystalPalaceandintheevenlargertownofLondonwithitsnoise，itsdinanditsclamour。Andwhenthetoilandthelabouroftheday，thedutifulinspectionoftheExhibitionandtheothersightshadbeencompletedinthesweatofhisbrow，theGermanPhilistinecouldrecoverathiseasewithSchärttnerattheHanauorGöhringerattheStar，withtheirbeerycosiness，theirsmoke-filledfugandtheirpublic-housepolitics。
Here\"thewholeofthefatherlandcouldbeseen\"andinadditionallthegreatestmenofGermanycouldbeseengratis。Theretheyallsat，themembersofparliament，thedeputiesofChambers，thegenerals，theCluboratorsofthehalcyondaysof1848and1849，theysmokedtheirpipesjustlikeordinarypeopleanddebatedtheloftiestinterestsofthefatherlanddayafterday，inpublicandwithunshakeabledignity。ThiswastheplacewhereforthepriceofafewbottlesofextremelycheapwinetheGermancitizencoulddiscoverexactlywhatwentonatthemostsecretmeetingsoftheEuropeancabinets。Thiswastheplacewherehecouldlearntowithinaminutewhen\"itwouldallstart\"。InthemeantimeonebottleafteranotherwasstartedandallthePartieswenthomeunsteadilybutstrengthenedintheknowledgethattheyhadmadetheircontributiontothesalvationofthefatherland。NeverhastheEmigrationdrunkmoreandcheaperthanduringtheperiodwhenthesolventmassesofGermanPhilistineswereinLondon。
ThetrueorganisationoftheEmigrationwasinfactthistavernorganisationpresidedoverbySilenus-SchärttnerinLongAcrewhichexperienceditsheydaythankstotheExhibition。HerethetrueCentralCommitteesatinperpetualsession。Allothercommittees，organisations，party-formationswerejusttrimmings，thepatrioticarabesquesofthisprimevalGermantavernsocietyofidlers。
InadditiontheEmigrationwasstrengthenednumericallyatthetimebythearrivalofMessrs。Meyen，Faucher，Sigel，GoeggandFickler，etc。
MeyenwasalittleporcupinewhohadcomeintotheworldwithoutanyquillsandwhounderthenamePoinsinet，wasoncedescribedbyGoetheinthisway：
\"Inliterature，asinsociety，oneoftenencounterssuchcuriouslittlemannikins。Endowedwithsomesmalltalenttheyendeavouralwaystoclaimtheattentionofthepublicandastheycaneasilybeseenthroughbyalltheyarethesourceofmuchamusement。However，theyalwaysmanagetoprofitsufficiently。Theylive，produce，arementionedeverywhereandareevenaccordedafavourablereception。Theirfailuresdonotdisconcertthem;
theyregardthemasexceptionalandlooktothefutureforgreatersuccess。
PoinsinetisafigureofthissortintheFrenchliteraryworld。Itgoesalmostbeyondbelieftoseewhathasbeendonewithhim，howhehasbeenfooledandmystifiedandevenhissaddeathbydrowninginSpaindoesnotdiminishtheridiculousimpressionmadebyhislife，justasafrogmadeoffireworksdoesnotattaintodignitybyconcludingalengthyseriesofsputterswithaloudbang。\"[58]
Writerscontemporarywithhimpassonthefollowinginformation：EduardMeyenbelongedtothe\"Resolute\"groupwhichrepresentedtheBerlinerintelligentsiaasagainstthemassstupidityoftherestofGermany。HetoohadaMaybugClubinBerlinwithhisfriendsMügge，Klein，Zabel，Buhletc。Eachofthesemaybugssatonhisownlittleleaf[Blättchen——\"leaf\"and\"newspaper\"]。EduardMeyen’spaperwascalledtheMannheimerAbendblättchenandhere，everyweek，afterenormousefforts，hedepositedasmallgreenturdofcorrespondence。OurMaybugreallydidprogresstothepointwherehewasabouttopublishamonthlyperiodical;contributionsfromvariouspeoplelandedonhisdesk，thepublisherwaitedbutthewholeprojectcollapsedbecauseEduardaftereightmonthsincoldsweatdeclaredthathecouldnotfinishtheprospectus。AsEduardtookallhischildishactivitiesseriouslyhewaswidelyregardedinBerlinaftertheMarchRevolutionasamanwhomeantbusiness。InLondonheworkedtogetherwithFaucheronaGermaneditionoftheIllustratedLondonNewsundertheeditorshipandcensorshipofanoldwomanwhohadknownsomeGermantwentyyearsbefore，buthewasdiscardedasuselessafterhehadattemptedwithgreattenacitytoinsertaprofoundarticleaboutsculpturethathehadhadpublishedtenyearspreviouslyinBerlin。Butwhen，lateron，theKinkel-emigrationmadehimtheirsecretaryherealisedthathewasreallyapracticalhommed’étatandheannouncedinalithographedleafletthathehadarrivedatthe\"tranquillityofapointofview\"。Afterhisdeathawholeheapoftitlesforfutureprojectswillbefoundamonghispapers。
ConjointlywithMeyenwemustnecessarilyconsiderOppenheim，hisco-editorandco-secretary。IthasbeenclaimedthatOppenheimisnotsomuchamanasanallegoricalfigure：thegoddessofboredomitisreported，camedowntoFrankfurtonMainandassumedtheshapeofthissonofaJewishjeweller。WhenVoltairewrote：\"Touslesgenresventloons，excepté
legenreennuyeux\"，hemusthavehadapremonitionofourHeinrichBernhardOppenheim。WepreferOppenheimthewritertoOppenheimtheorator。Hiswritingsmaybeavoided，buthisspokendelivery——c’estimpossible。ThepythagoreanmetempsychosismayhavesomefoundationinrealitybutthenamebornebyHeinrichBernhardOppenheiminformeragescannolongerbediscoveredasnomanevermadeanameforhimselfthroughbeinganunbearablechatterbox。Hislifemaybeepitomisedbyitsthreeclimacticmoments：
ArnoldRuge’seditor——Brentano’seditor——Kinkel’seditor。